The phonetic name of Gua J and N D ē N ɡ
The English name of Calyx or Calyx with fruit of French ground cherry
It is also known as Sour Fruit, Lantern, Queen Mother Pearl, Luoshen Pearl, Tianpao Caojingle, Golden Lantern, Sky Lantern, Red Girl and Bottle Fruit. Wild Pepper, Golden Lantern, Tianpao Lantern, Ghost Lantern, Water chili pepper, Slurry Irrigation, Lemaihui, Red Lantern
Source
Medicinal material source: the fruit with persistent calyx hanging golden lantern and sour pulp for Solanaceae plants.
Latin plant and animal mineral name: physalis alkekengi L. var. francheti (mast.) makino p. alkekengi L.
harvesting and storage: when the fruit is ripe in autumn and the persistent calyx is orange, it is picked and dried.
original form
perennial herb with creeping roots at the base. The stem is about 4-8cm high and the base is slightly woody. Leaves alternate, often 2 in one node; Petiole is about 1-3 cm long; Leaf blade is ovate to broad, 5-15cm long and 2-8cm wide, the apex is gradually pointed, the base is not shifted to a narrow wedge shape, and it extends down to the petiole, and the whole leaf is wavy or has coarse bud teeth, both surfaces are hairy, and there are also short bristles along the veins. Flowers are solitary in leaf axils, pedicels are 6-16mm long, stand upright when flowering, then bend downward, densely pilose and do not fall off when fruiting; Calyx is broadly bell-shaped, densely pilose, 5-lobed, with triangular calyx teeth. After flowering, the calyx tube expands, turns orange-red or crimson, and wraps the fruit like a lantern. Corolla radial, white, 5-lobed, lobes spreading, broad and short, apex suddenly narrowly coated with berries; Corolla radial, white, 5-lobed, lobes spreading, broad and short, apex suddenly narrowed into a triangular tip, with pubescence outside; Stamens 5, anthers yellowish green; Ovary superior, ovoid, 2-loculed. Berries are spherical, orange-red, 1-15mm in diameter, soft and juicy. Seeds kidney-shaped, pale yellow. The flowering period is from May to September, and the fruiting period is from June to October.
The morphology is similar to that of the original species, and the main differences are as follows: the pedicel has few hairs or only sparse hairs, and the calyx is sparse except for the dense lobes; When the fruit is ripe, the peduncle and calyx are smooth and hairless.
Character
Character identification The persistent calyx is swollen and thin, slightly lantern-shaped, mostly shrunk or flattened, 2.5-4.5cm long and 2-4 cm in diameter; The surface is orange-red or light green, with 5 obvious longitudinal edges, with reticular veinlets between the edges, the apex is gradually pointed, slightly 5-lobed, the base is concave, and there are fine fruit stalks. Light, tough, hollow, or with spherical berries, about 1.2cm in diameter, orange or orange, with shriveled surface and most seeds. The seeds are small, oblate and yellow-brown. The gas is weak, the calyx is bitter, and the fruit is slightly sweet and sour.
a big one with bright red color is preferred.
Microscopic identification of the cross section of the calyx (middle part) of the hanging golden lantern: there are one row of upper and lower epidermal cells, all of which are tangentially elongated, surrounded by cuticle and lower epidermis with a few glandular hairs, non-glandular hairs and stomata. The main vein is concave on the upper side and convex on the lower side. There are a few thick keratinocytes on the inner side of the upper and lower epidermis, and the vascular bundle is half-moon and double-tough. The mesophyll differentiation is not obvious. The cells are long polygonal, with orange-red granules in the base and large intercellular spaces, mostly in the lower part of mesophyll.
persistent calyx powder: light orange-red 1. The vertical wall of the lower epidermal cells is wavy, and the stomatal inequality or infinitive is about 3μm long. 2. The vertical wall of upper epidermal cells is smooth and has no stomata. 3 Non-glandular hairs are 162-252μm long and consist of 3-4 cells in a single row, with small wart spots on the wall. The head of glandular hair is a single cell, oval, with a long diameter of 66-78μm, and there are often yellowish-green volatile oils in the cells, with a stalk length of 223-285μm, consisting of 3-4 cells in a single row. 5 mesophyll cells contain most orange-red particles.
cross section of berry: 1 row of epicarp cells, tangentially elongated, with a long diameter of 58-85μm and a short diameter of 8-9μm, surrounded by cuticle. The mesocarp is broad, with small and tough vascular bundles scattered in it, and the diameter of the vessel is 12-2 μ m.
Cross-section of seed: the outermost seed coat is a row of stone cells, which are arranged tightly, square-like, 48-54μm in length, with U-shaped thickened wall, thin outer wall, non-lignified, and often shriveled, with both side walls and inner walls thickened and lignified; The top view of the stone cell layer is reticular, and the cells are irregular and polygonal, with a long diameter of 11-16μm and a short diameter of 25-98 μ m. The walls are wavy and curved and inlaid with each other. Below the stone cell layer are several rows of tangential elongated parenchyma cells, all of which have been decadent and broken. Endosperm cells are polygonal and contain a lot of aleurone particles and fat oil droplets. Radicle and cotyledon are located at both ends of the cross section, and their tissues have been slightly differentiated.
chemically, the fruit contains citric acid [1], and the seeds contain physanol)A, B, β-sitosterol [2], cholesterol, 24- methyl cholesterol, 24- ethyl cholesterol (24- ethyl-holesterol), stigmasterol, 24- methyl-5,24-cholestenol (24-methylcholesta-5-5,24-dienol), 28- isofucosterol (28-isofuccosterol), 24- Methylene Cholesterol, 24- Ethyl Cholestanol, 7- Cholesterol (cholest-7-enol)[3], 8- lanosterol -3β- alcohol (lanost-8-en-3β) -8- lanosterone -3β- alcohol (24-methylenelanost-8-en-3β-ol), cycloalkanol, cycloalkanol and 24- methylene cycloalkanolol [4].
2. Anti-tumor effect: The aqueous extract of Physalis alkekengi fruit has inhibitory activity on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice, and its main active component is citric acid.
physical and chemical identification: take 1g of this product powder, add 1ml of methanol, put it in a water bath, heat it under reflux for 1min, filter it by heat, put the filtrate in a water bath, evaporate it to dryness, use 1ml of glacial acetic acid to dissolve the residual pool, add 1ml of acetic anhydride-concentrated sulfuric acid (19: 1) and mix it evenly. The solution passed quickly, yellow, red, purple and blue, and finally it was dirty green. (Check phytosterol). < P > Taste sour; Gan; Sexual cold < P > meridian and lung; The function of kidney meridian < P > is mainly used to clear lung and utilize pharynx; Eliminating dysentery and promoting diuresis. Indications: lung heat and phlegm cough; Sore throat; Bone steaming, fatigue and heat; Urine is astringent; Blister wet sore.
administration and dosage: decoction, 4.5-9g. External use: appropriate amount, pounded or decocted and washed.
Note
1. Records of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shaanxi: It is forbidden for diarrhea due to spleen deficiency.
2. "Mindong Herbal Medicine": It has the function of abortion, and it is forbidden for pregnant women.
attachment 1 for laryngitis: grind the fruit of Tianpao into a penny, add one cent of Borneolum Syntheticum, and blow the throat. ("Guiyang Folk Herbs") 2 Treatment of urinary calculi: five yuan for Tianpao fruit, one yuan for Gentiana, one yuan for San Qian, one yuan for Cinnamomum camphora root and five yuan for raw plantain. Decocting water clothes. ("Guiyang Folk Herbs") 3 Treatment of wet sores caused by tianpao grass: Tianpao grass bells are pounded and applied, or they can be applied at the end with oil. ("Health Miscellaneous Xing") 4 Treatment of snake head (fingertip pain): Tianpao fruit is placed on the affected part of the finger. ("Guiyang Folk Herbs")
Various discussions
1. The Classic: (main) childbirth is difficult.
2. Bielu: Treat vexed heat, concentrate on benefiting qi and benefiting waterways.
3. Tao Hongjing: Children's food can remove heat and also control jaundice.
4. Jiayou Herbal Medicine: steaming the main bone.
5. southern Yunnan materia medica: it is beneficial to urinate, and it can cure five stranguria and jade stem pain. Attack sore poison, cure abdominal carbuncle, break blood and qi.
6. Nanjing Folk Herbs: Treating sore throat and swelling.
7. Manual of Chinese Herbal Medicine: clearing away lung and stomach heat, relieving stagnation and stopping sore throat. Treat pharynx swelling, throat wind, all sores and swelling, and women's bloody collapse.
Clinical application for treating whooping cough: sour pulp fruit, burning on tile. Every time you take one point, white sugar will be delivered.
excerpts from Chinese materia medica