Camellia oil is an excellent organic and green edible oil with broad market development prospects. This article introduces the main cultivation and management techniques of Camellia oleifera, including site selection, soil preparation, tending management, pest and disease control, etc., so as to To provide reference for the development of the camellia oleifera industry, the output of camellia oil is very limited, so it is expensive. Really pure camellia oil needs to go through many complicated processes, and tea seed cultivation is not simple.

Camellia oleifera is a small evergreen tree. The leaves are thick and leathery, and the bark is smooth, which can play a role in fire protection. It likes light but has certain shade tolerance when young. It likes a warm and humid climate and is not tolerant of severe cold. It has a lifespan of more than a hundred years, and the fruiting period is generally about 60 years. It is a deep-rooted plant. The tree species has a well-developed taproot, sprouting and tillering properties, and strong regeneration ability. It is deeply loved by consumers and has broad market development prospects.

Camellia oleifera afforestation does not have strict soil requirements. Generally, deep, loose and fertile mountain red soil, yellow-red soil or slightly acidic sandy loam with a pH value of 5-6.5 is selected. For sunny and semi-sunny slopes below 500m above sea level, the slope direction is preferably south, east or southeast. Mid-down slopes with a slope below 25° are suitable. Slopes on both sides of mountainous valleys with a width of less than 50m are not suitable. afforestation. In order to facilitate management, afforestation land should be relatively concentrated. Areas with calcareous soil where Camellia oleifera grows poorly should not be selected as Camellia oleifera afforestation land.

Soil preparation is an important part of Camellia oleifera afforestation. Generally, it is carried out more than one month before planting. By loosening the soil, improving the soil structure, improving ventilation conditions, improving microbial activity conditions, and fully maturing the soil, according to the different conditions of the afforestation land, full land preparation, strip land preparation and land preparation can be carried out. For block land preparation, full reclamation is adopted on flat land, block land preparation is adopted on steep slopes, and strip land preparation is adopted on gentle slopes. After land preparation, planting holes are dug according to 40cm×40cm×50cm, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, and the planting density is determined according to local conditions. Generally, The density is 2.5m×2.5m, 2m×2.5m and 2m×3m.

It can be planted in both winter and spring. It is appropriate to afforestation on cloudy or light rainy days in the rainy season from February to April between the beginning of spring and the awakening of sleep. Select one- to two-year-old excellent varieties or excellent clones to graft strong seedlings, which require full terminal buds, complete root systems, and no pests and diseases. Annual seedlings are more than 20cm tall and have a ground diameter of 0.15cm; biennial seedlings are 35cm tall and have a ground diameter of more than 0.3cm. The root system of the seedlings should be kept moist and protected from wind and sun. Bring plenty of soil with them when starting the seedlings. Prune the main root properly before planting. When planting, dig the complete tree hole first, and dig it into a hole of appropriate depth and size with the root system of the seedlings. With grass roots and stones, put the camellia oleifera seedlings into the holes to stretch the roots. After planting, step on them firmly to achieve "three buries, two steps and one lift of the seedlings". Plant slightly deeper. The planting depth is about 1-3cm higher than the root diameter of the seedlings. After planting Pay attention to pouring the root water thoroughly, and use loose soil to pile the base stems into a steamed bun shape to prevent the soil from sinking and becoming water-damaged in the rainy season.

The survival of newly planted Camellia oleifera must be promoted through tending and management. In the first three years of afforestation, cultivating and weeding will be done twice a year, in late spring, early summer and autumn. The main tasks are to loosen the soil, weed the soil, cultivate the soil, and expand the holes. Gradually connect it into a belt; after the third year, weeding and cultivating will be carried out once every autumn, and deep digging will be carried out once every three years. Agricultural and forestry intercropping can be carried out, and cultivating and fertilizing can be replaced by cultivating. When the tree height is 70-80cm_, pruning of young trees should be carried out. The pruning of young forests should be light. It is usually carried out after picking tea seeds or in March-April of the following year. The main purpose is to cut off budding branches, control leggy branches, and select a few growing ones. Strong main branches, appropriate pruning of foot branches to form a low, natural round crown. After 4-5 years, the middle and lower inner branches can be allowed to bear appropriate fruits, and the upper flower buds will be wiped away.

The first is reclamation: the methods of reclamation include strip reclamation, hole reclamation and trench reclamation, which are divided into winter reclamation and summer reclamation. Generally, the method of "one big reclamation every three years and one middle reclamation every year" is adopted. , depth 15-25cm. The second is fertilization: the fertilizers are mainly organic fertilizers, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium must be used in conjunction to coordinate each growth and development stage of Camellia oleifera. Different fertilizers are applied in different periods. Nitrogen fertilizers are mainly used for young forests, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used for mature forests, organic fertilizers are mainly used in autumn and winter, and quick-acting fertilizers are mainly used in spring and summer. Furrow application or hole application are used.

The third is pruning: pruning is based on the tree and the shape of the branches. Cut densely and leave thin, remove weak and leave strong, keep single branches clear and bright, prune young in the big years and prun again in the young to make the forest ventilated and light, and increase the fruiting surface. And increase production. Sunny slopes should be lightly pruned, and shady slopes should be pruned more as appropriate; the lower part of the crown should be pruned appropriately, and the middle and upper parts should not be pruned. In short, do not prune excessively to avoid losing the balance of the tree and causing excessive branch sprouting, which will affect growth and development. At the same time, Camellia oleifera generally blooms and is firm at the top, so it should only be thinned and not cut short.

It is prone to occur under conditions of high humidity and high temperature. The onset is from April to May, and it spreads fastest from July to September, with more fruits falling. The pathogen repeatedly infects leaf buds and branches throughout the growth period. Shoots, leaves and fruits. Prevention and control methods: First, combine silviculture measures to eliminate the source of the disease; second, spray 50% sterilizing wettable powder 800 times liquid and 50 carbendazim 500 times liquid twice from March to April, and the peak period of the disease is July to September. , spray once with 20% tea bran water, which has a good control effect.

Camellia oleifera soot disease

Black soot-like matter is produced on the front surface of leaves and branches, and a covering layer is formed on the surface of branches and leaves, which hinders photosynthesis and causes the diseased plants to weaken and die. Camellia oleifera pathogen uses the secretions of cotton scale insects as a source of nutrition and is spread by the scale insects. Therefore, this disease is often rampant together with cotton scale insects. March-June and October-November are the peak periods of the disease. Prevention and control methods: First, appropriate pruning and thinning, strengthen silviculture management, and improve ventilation and light transmission conditions in the forest; second, use 50 trithionate emulsion 1500-2000 times or 50 dichlorvos emulsion 500-1000 times to kill scale insects.

Tea moth

The larvae damage mesophylls and feed on spring shoots. The damage rate is 10-20, and in severe cases, it is as high as 30, causing plant death. Prevention and control methods: First, during the peak period of adult insects, manually cut off the damaged leaves and shoots for intensive treatment; second, for chemical control, spray 500-600 times of trichlorfon or 1000 times of fenitrothion during the transfer period of seriously damaged forest stands. Better control effects can be achieved.

Tea seed weevil

Also known as weevil. The adults harm the fruits, and the larvae eat the seed kernels. The peak period of damage is generally from June to July. Prevention and control methods: The first is the capture method, which uses the tea seed weevil’s habit of suspended animation and weak flying ability to capture manually; the second is from August to November when the larvae emerge from the fruit and enter the soil to overwinter, the fallen fruits are regularly collected and burned; the third is from 5- In July, during the emergence period of adult beetles, use 40% omethoate and 80% dichlorvos 1:1 to make a 1000 times solution in water and spray 2-3 times for effective control.

Camellia oleifera stem borer

Also known as borer, it has one generation per year and overwinters as large larvae on the damaged branches. Overwintering larvae begin to pupate in late April of the following year, with the peak pupation period in early and mid-May, and the peak emergence period of adults from late May to late June. The adults are active at night and have phototaxis. Prevention and control methods: First, according to the strong phototaxis of adults, use night lights to trap and kill them during the peak emergence period; second, spray 90 trichlorfon 500 times liquid in the larval stage, and spray 90 trichlorfon 1000 times liquid and 20 dimethoate for adults. Emulsion 500 times liquid, the effect is very obvious.