The most prominent structural feature of Mycoplasma is the absence of a cell wall. In general,
It is completely insensitive to biosynthetic antimicrobial agents acting on the cell wall, such as β-lactams, vancomycin, etc., and is generally resistant to polymyxins, rifampicin, and sulfonamides. The most inhibitory activity of mycoplasma and commonly used in mycoplasma infection antimicrobial is 4 cyclic, macrolides and some quinolones, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol and other classes of antimicrobials on mycoplasma have a small inhibitory effect, so not commonly used as a treatment of mycoplasma infection drugs.
Patients in the diagnosis of mycoplasma urealyticum infection, can apply the following drug treatment:
A, 4-cycline class
1.4-cycline: 500 mg each time, 4 times a day, **** with 14 days.4-cycline on Mycoplasma lysodeikticum and Mycoplasma hominis can be achieved a satisfactory effect, if the drug is still separated after 14 days of mycoplasma, you can then give the second course of treatment. 4cycline is best taken on an empty stomach for good absorption, but do not drink milk or dairy products at the same time, and do not take it at the same time with antacids and drugs containing iron, magnesium, calcium, aluminum and other polyvalent metals. Side effects are nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal reactions, a few can cause enteritis. At the same time, all 4-cyclic drugs can cause photosensitive dermatitis. Therefore, these drugs can make children born with 4-cyclic teeth (yellow stained teeth) and affect the normal development of infant bones, so pregnant women, lactating women are prohibited.
2. Doxycycline (doxycycline, deoxytetracycline): 200 mg each time, twice a day, **** with 14 days, oral. This drug is less affected by food and metal ions, and the digestive tract reaction is also less severe. It is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women.
3. Meprobamate (Minocycline, Methylaminocycline): 100 mg each time, twice a day, **** 14 days, the first dose is doubled. Side effects include dizziness, dizziness, dyskinesia, reversible vestibular reactions and gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea and vomiting, decreased appetite, especially in the first few days of taking the drug is more common. (Contraindications are the same as 4-cycline)
2, macrolides
1. Erythromycin: 500 mg per dose. 4 times a day, ****14 days, oral . Effective against Mycoplasma lysureum and ineffective against Mycoplasma hominis. Taking the drug on an empty stomach and drinking plenty of water helps absorption, but gastrointestinal side effects are greater. Clinically, erythromycin is the first line of treatment for nongonococcal urethritis, especially as the first choice for pregnant and lactating women, and is more effective against Mycoplasma lysureticum urethritis than 4-cycline.
2. Kerosamycin (Kerosamycin): 400 mg each time, 4 times a day, **** with 14 days, oral. Antibacterial spectrum and antimicrobial activity is similar to erythromycin, gastrointestinal side effects are lighter than erythromycin. Contraindicated in the first 3 months of pregnancy.
3. Rimsac (Erythromycin Succinate): 500 mg each time, 4 times a day, ****14 days, oral. Use with caution in pregnant and lactating women.
4. Roxithromycin (oxime erythromycin): 150 mg each time, twice a day, *** for 14 days, oral. Clinical efficacy has yet to be evaluated, pregnant and lactating women should be cautious.
5. Clarithromycin (erythromycin, erythromycin): 500~1000 mg each time, twice a day, *** 14 days, oral. Contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women .
6. Azithromycin (Azithromycin): 500~1000 mg each time, once a day, for 3 days, oral. Use with caution in pregnant and lactating women.
3, quinolones
1. Oxyfloxacin (fluazinic acid, telbivudine): 200 mg per time, twice a day, *** use 14 days, oral. Common adverse reactions are rash, gastrointestinal side effects. Use with caution in pregnant women, lactating women, young children, and those who are allergic to the product.
2. Ciprofloxacin (Sifuhuan): 250 mg per dose, twice daily, ****14 days, oral. Adverse reactions and contraindications are the same as ofloxacin.
3. Sparfloxacin (Sifloxacin): 200 mg per dose, twice daily, ****14 days, oral. Common adverse reactions are belching, diarrhea, headache, dizziness. Contraindications are the same as ofloxacin.
The above three types of drugs is not a special drug, sometimes combined with clinical whether the combination of other sexually transmitted diseases and the selection of appropriate drugs as a guideline. Some drugs such as gentamicin, neomycin, penicillin and macrolide are also effective in mycoplasma infections.
In addition, China's traditional medicine on mycoplasma caused by non-gonococcal urethritis has a unique treatment. According to the diagnosis and treatment, non-gonococcal urethritis is divided into the following two kinds: 1. lower jiao damp-heat type: clearing heat and dampness, detoxification and resolving turbidity; 2. spleen and kidney deficiency type: strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidneys, dampness and resolving turbidity, commonly used in the 4 gentleman soup and 6 flavors of the dixie pill to add subtractions.
Male urethral mycoplasma infection, its sexual partners are infected with the highest detection rate of up to 36.8%, so it must be examined and treated at the same time, in order to avoid re-infection. Judgement of the standard of cure is: 1. clinical symptoms disappeared for more than a week, no urethral secretion or secretion of leukocytes ≤ 4 / 100 times under the microscope; 2. urine clarification, sediment negative; 3. urethra or cervical specimens mycoplasma examination was negative