Objectives and requirements:

1, with the help of class notes and accumulated classical Chinese vocabulary, you can read short classical Chinese chapters after class and translate sentences.

2. Understand the article as a whole and grasp the central meaning.

Focus: Grasp the center of the article, including the writing background and author.

Difficulties: overall understanding, according to the meaning of the question, summarize the meaning.

Review process:

First, the knowledge arrangement:

1. Understand and accumulate some important sentences in classical Chinese (famous sayings and epigrams, sentences reflecting the center, sentences expressing the author's writing intention, etc.). ).

2. By understanding the meaning of paragraphs, we can grasp the meaning and theme of the article and understand the author's writing intention. However, grasping paragraphs and articles still needs to be solved by understanding words and sentences.

3. Learn to transfer knowledge in class after class.

4. Learn to summarize the meaning (find the central sentence from the short passage and summarize the center through the understanding of the text. )

Second, error-prone and confusing concept notes:

1. The generalization and induction of moral meaning must be carried out on the basis of understanding the content of the article, and we must never have a little knowledge or be eager for success. The generalization of moral can not stay on the surface, but should put the story or character in the big situation.

2. Summarizing and summarizing the meaning can be found directly from the text (the author's argumentative sentences, punctuation sentences, etc. ) or summarize it in your own words, but the language should be concise.

3. Pay attention to the phenomenon of polysemy, different meanings in ancient and modern times, and interchangeable words in classical Chinese. Secondly, when translating sentences, we should also pay attention to the changes of sentence patterns, so as to achieve smooth tone, complete sentences and obvious sentence characteristics.

4. Understanding the author's intention can better serve the center of understanding the article, so as to have the opportunity to understand and learn the ancient culture of China.

5. Accumulate masterpieces.

2. The third grade classical Chinese ppt courseware, the third grade poetry volume two. Topics: 17, chapter 2 of Mencius, 19, Fish I Want, 20 stories of Zhuangzi, 2 1, Debate over it, 22 satire of Zou Ji, 23 One Mountain, 24 The Book of Songs, Two Gong Li and Gong Li are ladders made by Chu.

Mozi heard about it and set out from Qi for ten days and ten nights. As for Ying, he saw the loss of the public. The loser said, "What is your master's life?" Zi Mozi said, "Those who insult ministers in the north are willing to kill them by borrowing their sons."

Don't say that the public loses. Zi Mozi said, "Please give me ten gold."

The loser said, "I will never kill anyone." Mozi got up and bowed again, saying, "Go ahead.

I learned from the north that I would attack the Song Dynasty. What was the sin of the Song Dynasty? Jing is more than the ground, less than the people. It is unwise to fight for all the surplus by killing less. Song attack without blame, non-benevolence; Knowing without arguing is not loyalty; Fighting for it is not strong; Righteousness does not kill less and kills more, which cannot be described by knowing the class. "

Public transport services. Zi Mozi said, "Of course, are you bored?" The loser said, "No, I am the word king."

Zi Mozi said, "Hu doesn't show me to the king?" The public loser said, "Yes." When Zi Mozi saw the king, he said, "Today, some people give up their selected works and neighbors want to steal them; Give up its splendid scenery, neighbors have short brown to steal it; Give up its meat, neighbors have bran, and want to steal it.

Why is this human? "The king said," there must be theft. "Zi Mozi said," The land of Jing is five thousand Li, and the land of Song is five hundred Li, which is the same as the anthology.

Jing has a cloud dream, rhinoceros and elk are full, Jianghan fish, turtle and catfish are rich in the world, and the so-called pheasant-free rabbit catfish in Song Dynasty is also bad. Jing has a long song dynasty, and the south has it, while the song dynasty has no long wood, which is beautiful and short brown.

I regard Wang Li's attack on the Song Dynasty as similar. "The king said," good! Although the bus section is a ladder for me, I must take the song. "

So watch the public lose. Mozi took off his belt as the city, took death as the weapon, set up siege machines on the bus board nine times, and Mozi separated it nine times.

The attack of the losing set was exhausted, and Mozi's defense was more than enough. Volkswagen lost the game, but said, "I know that's why I'm far away, so I won't say anything."

Zi Mozi also said, "I know that Zi left me because I didn't say anything." The king of Chu asked him why.

Zi Mozi said, "I lost my intention and wanted to kill my minister." Kill the minister, Song Mo can keep it and attack it.

And I disciple bird slip Li and other three hundred people, but has been in Song Cheng to keep the instrument of the mouth, waiting for Chu Kou. Although you killed a minister, you can't kill him. "

The king of Chu said, "Good. Please don't attack the Song Dynasty. "

Edit this paragraph 1, and translate the equipment made by the public transport bureau for Chu, and prepare to use it to attack the Song State when it is ready. When Mozi learned about it, he set out from Lu and walked for ten days and ten nights to the capital city of Chu, where he lost his job.

The loser said, "Sir, do you have any suggestions?" Mozi said, "There is a man who insulted me in the north. I hope to rely on your strength to kill him." I'm very unhappy about my loss.

Mozi said, "Please allow me to give you ten gold (as a reward for killing people)." The loser said, "I will stick to my morality and never kill anyone."

Mozi stood up, bowed twice and said, "Please allow me to explain my purpose. I heard in the north that you made a ladder to attack the state of Song.

What was the crime of Song State? Chu has plenty of land, but not enough people. It is unwise to wage war to kill people who lack war, but to compete for the remaining land. Song is innocent and wants to attack it. Can't say this is benevolence. Knowing this truth but not remonstrating with the king of Chu cannot be said to be loyal; Want to remonstrate, but failed, can't say this is ability; You don't kill a few people, you kill a lot of people morally. You can't say it's reasonable. The failed bid was persuaded.

I am convinced that I am poor, but I am not satisfied. Mozi said, "In that case, why not stop attacking the Song Dynasty?" The loser said, "No, I have told the king of Chu about building the ladder."

Mozi said, "Why don't you introduce me to the king?" The loser said, "All right." Mozi met the king of Chu and said, "If there is such a person, he will throw away his gorgeous car and try to steal his neighbor's broken car;" Throw away your gorgeous clothes, but want to steal your neighbor's coarse clothes; I don't eat my own good meal, but I want to steal my neighbor's poor meal.

What kind of person does the king think this is? The king of Chu said, "This man must have been stolen. Mozi said, "Chu is 5,000 Li in Fiona Fang and Song is 500 Li in Fiona Fang." .

It's like a gorgeous car compared with a broken car. There are Yunmengze in Chu, rhinoceros (four tones) and elk everywhere, and there are a lot of fish, turtles (two tones) and fish (two tones) in Hanshui of the Yangtze River. Song kingdom is like a place where people say there are no pheasants, rabbits and fish.

It's like good food and bad food. In Chu, there were tall pine trees, catalpa bungeana trees and camphor trees (precious wood), while in Song, there was no extra wood.

It's like comparing gorgeous clothes with rough clothes. In my opinion, the king sent officials to attack the state of Song, which was the same as the theft of this person. "

The king of Chu said, "You are right! Even so, the public loss made me climb the ladder, and I must take Song State. " So, I summoned the public to lose.

Mr. Mozi took off his clothes as a city wall and used sawdust as equipment. The clever tactics of attacking the city were used by the public transport board many times in a row, and Mr. Mozi resisted again and again.

The siege equipment of the bus plate is used up, and Mr. Mozi's guard method is more than enough. The loser gave in, but he said, "I know what to do with you, but I won't say."

Mozi also said, "I know how you deal with me, but I won't say." The king of Chu asked him why.

Mozi said: "the meaning of losing is just to kill me." Kill me. Guo Song can't keep it, so he can take it.

And my disciple Bird Slippers (Gu Sansheng) Li and other 300 people have been holding my guarding equipment, waiting for the attack of the Chu army on the wall of the Song State. Even if you kill me, you can't kill all the defenders of Song State. "

The king of Chu said, "All right. I will not attack Song State. "

The two chapters of Mencius are not as good as geographical location at the right time, and geographical location is not as good as human harmony. The city of three miles, the country of seven miles, was invincible when attacked by the Lord of the Rings.

If the husband attacks it, it will be the right time, and if it is invincible, it will be the right place. The city is not high, the pond is not deep, the army is not strong, and there is not much rice (Si), so it is not as good as people and peace.

Therefore, people in this field do not regard it as a government.

3. How to teach ancient poetry in junior high school?

First of all, we should focus on "reading". As the saying goes, after reading a book a hundred times, its meaning will be revealed.

Secondly, we should pay attention to consciously cultivating students' sense of classical Chinese language, which is the key to Chinese teaching. With a sense of language, students can learn China's classical poems without a teacher.

Finally, students must master the writing background of each poem, which can be introduced by the teacher. It is best for students to preview before class and explore independently, so that they can deeply understand the content of the text.

In addition, in the teaching of ancient poetry, I often use the "association method", that is, imagine the author's concise poem as a picture and then express it in my own words. The effect is not bad. You can also try.

4. How to make junior middle school Chinese classical Chinese class full of fun 1? Strengthen students' preview before class;

Before learning classical Chinese, make clear the requirements for preview. I usually let them watch, check and ask questions. First reading means: read through the text, clear the main idea, and taste good sentences; Second, search refers to: searching for information about the author and writing background; Check the reference books again to understand the meaning of notional words and function words in classical Chinese. ; Three questions refer to the difficult problems that students encounter in their own translation process and ask questions in class. In this way, students can develop good self-study habits and self-study ability. At the same time, it can also make students actively participate in the classroom, enliven the classroom atmosphere and change the boring classroom of classical Chinese teaching.

Second, use a variety of methods to stimulate students' interest

Junior high school students are lively and eager to learn, and use various methods to teach, so that students can learn easily and enjoy learning. In teaching, teachers should avoid intensive lectures and in-depth analysis, which will bind students' thinking and make the classroom atmosphere like a stagnant pool. For example, when teaching the article "Carving a Boat and Seeking a Sword", I asked students to draw some pictures according to the content of the text, and attach text descriptions to promote students' understanding of the content of the text and grasp the key points. For example, teaching "Zheng Ren to buy shoes" can help students understand the moral of the story by telling stories. "Yu Gong Yi Shan" allows students to master the content of the article and experience the character through debate ... In short, in the teaching of classical Chinese, various forms should be taken to fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and cultivate their awareness of independent learning and their ability to analyze and understand problems.

Third, emphasize familiar reading and reciting, but also pay attention to fun.

The requirement of Chinese syllabus for junior middle school classical Chinese is: "Understand the content and be able to read and recite some basic texts smoothly." Familiar reading and reciting is a necessary way to cultivate classical Chinese reading ability and consolidate learning achievements, and it is a kind of training that can't be replaced by any other teaching activities. Only by familiarizing students with reciting, deepening their understanding and accumulating knowledge can they improve their reading ability in classical Chinese. Let students be familiar with reading and reciting, and pay attention to making a fuss about interesting words. For example, when teaching traps, let students use simple props to simulate the process of making traps, so that students can master the main points of reciting this article and recite the text easily. For example, when teaching the Peach Blossom Garden, I adopted the form of letting students perform, pretending to be fishermen, villagers, satrap and Liu Ziji respectively, imitating their respective languages, actions and manners, so that what fishermen saw, heard and felt when they entered the Peach Blossom Garden can be clearly reproduced, and on this basis, reciting the text will come naturally.

In short, in the teaching of classical Chinese, we should teach students in accordance with their aptitude, be flexible and diverse, turn interest into spring breeze, and make the barren and boring classical Chinese teaching classroom full of laughter.

5. To write a lesson plan in junior middle school Chinese class, there should be teaching objectives, teaching priorities and teaching contents. After class, we will practice the "Spring" lesson plan. Zhu Ziqing's teaching goal is 1. Through repeated and emotional reading, we can perceive the content of the text and grasp the author's thoughts and feelings as a whole.

2. Clear your mind, especially understand the author's thinking activities through observation. 3. Learn the author's characteristic, multi-angle and sequential scenery description methods, and apply them to practical writing, so as to improve the ability of scenery description.

I can form my own unique understanding of the wonderful sentences in the text. Give priority to encouragement, but pay attention to the direction of guidance. )

5. Grammatically, we should master the rhetorical methods of metaphor and personification. 6. From the study of this article, I learned how to read and appreciate it.

Teaching emphasis 1. Learn the general method of describing scenery from the author's observation thinking. 2. Master the methods of reading and appreciating American articles, and initially form the ability of self-learning such articles.

3. Master the rhetorical methods of metaphor and personification, and make full use of association and imagination. Teaching methods: Situational teaching method and key teaching method envisage multimedia teaching. By appreciating this article, we can learn the writing method of prose, guide the preparation of new lessons and arrange the teaching process of two classes (the first class). Introduce the new lesson first. 1'. Spring is charming, full of vitality and picturesque. Today, let's walk into the beautiful spring together, and let our hearts conjure up a beautiful picture full of poetry and painting.

I remember Meng Haoran's Spring Dawn and Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night. How many writers have described spring like this? Today, let's read another beautiful essay "Spring" (projecting the title of the text and learning objectives).

Two. About the author 1' Zhu Ziqing is a famous poet and essayist. His prose, with fresh and simple words, delicate description, sincere feelings and beautiful nature, is memorable to read.

He loves, observes and depicts nature, and all his landscape essays are endowed with infinite affection for nature. He graduated from philosophy department of Peking University in his early years, and then studied in Britain for one year. After returning to China, he became a professor in Tsinghua University.

He died on 1948 at the age of 50. His famous works include Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, Back, and Green, which we will learn in middle school.

Today, let's learn his article Spring first. Third, read aloud 16' 1. Ask a classmate to read the text. Everyone should appreciate the scenery and breath of spring with heart.

When we meet good words and sentences in the process of reading, we draw them with a pen. This is not only the first step for us to learn to appreciate and improve our appreciation ability, but also a common method for reading extracurricular articles and accumulating vocabulary. Pronunciation orthography: the word "rising" of "rising water" is a polysemous word.

Scatter (s ε n) on grass, brew (y ε n ε nià ng), nest (ch ε ao) should be harmonious with (h ε e), faint (y ε n), wither (su 2), rise above water (zh ε ng), suppress (ch ε ao) and hide (cáng). Now, please read the first paragraph neatly and pay attention to the tone expected by the author.

Think about it, where is this paragraph well written? (1) Why should we use two "expectations" together, but not one to express the author's expectation? Clarity: On the one hand, this repetition expresses the author's longing for spring. For example, when we call our friends or parents, it is often more urgent to call them twice than once. On the other hand, it also hangs the reader's heart.

Expect, expect what? I went up a step in my heart, but I didn't write it, but I was still looking forward to it. I am very anxious and my mood has reached a new level. What am I expecting? The east wind is coming. Why is the author so excited? Before the answer came out, my mind reached a higher level. Finally, the author wrote, "Spring is coming". It turns out that the author is looking forward to spring. This made our readers have the desire to continue reading and exploring what he wrote later, which caused the sound of * * *. )

Through this repetition, the author not only expressed his eagerness and yearning at the beginning of the article, but also firmly grasped the readers' hearts and aroused their strong interest. (2) Why not just write that spring is coming, or that spring is coming? Clear: Spring hasn't arrived yet, so the word "near" is very accurate.

Personify spring and write down its steps, as if a favorite person is waving to you in the distance and coming to you slowly. A feeling of joy arises spontaneously, which makes people feel more cordial. (3) Why can a very simple and common language experience so many things? This involves our ability to read articles: taste and appreciation.

(Textbook P5 1) leads to the tips of Unit 3, which are related to the four texts in this unit, namely, spring, winter and autumn. Spring breeze, autumn rain and winter snow are naturally beautiful.

But Zhu Ziqing's spring is the most beautiful, and we need to taste and appreciate it most. How to taste and appreciate? One way is to experience the rhetoric in the article.

What two kinds of rhetoric did the author use in the first paragraph? (personification and repetition), expressing hope for spring through two rhetorical devices, which is the general beginning of the article. Spring hasn't arrived yet, but it's near.

Next, spring comes ... 2. Draw Spring: Next, spring comes. What does the author see? Please read the second paragraph aloud. 8'( 1) saw mountains, water and the sun.

It can be seen that this is a description of spring. From this paragraph on, the author has begun to describe spring. Now that we are here, why not start with the smallest grass and trees? Clear: This paragraph is an overall description of spring. Why should we have an overall impression first? Because this is a visual law.

If a new classmate comes now and he stands at the door, what will we see first? Whether tall or short, fat or thin, black or white, and so on, then we will see what kind of clothes he is wearing, what kind of shoes, what kind of hairstyle, and so on, and then we will see the colors of his clothes and shoes.

6. The second volume of classical Chinese hurt Fang Zhongyong, a farmer from generation to generation in Jinxi, Zhong Yong.

When Zhong Yong was five years old, he had never seen writing tools. One day, he suddenly cried for them. His father was surprised by this and lent him a neighbor's writing tool. Zhong Yong immediately wrote four poems and wrote his own name.

The theme of his poem is to support his parents and keep good relations with people of the same clan, and spread it to the whole town for viewing. From then on, he was assigned to write a poem, so that he could finish it at once. The literary talent and truth of the poem are worth seeing.

People in the same county were very surprised by this, and gradually regarded his father as a guest, and some people got Zhong Yong's poems with money. His father thought it was profitable. He took Zhong Yong to visit people in the same county every day to stop Zhong Yong from studying.

I've heard a long time ago. During my years in Ming Dow, I followed my father back to my hometown and met him at my uncle's house. He is twelve or thirteen years old.

Let him write poems, and his poems are not as good as his previous reputation. Seven years later, I came back from Yangzhou and went to my uncle's house to ask about Zhong Yong. I replied, "Zhong Yong's talent has disappeared, just like ordinary people."

Wang Anshi said: Zhong Yong was born with intelligence and comprehension. His talent far exceeds that of ordinary talented people.

Finally, because the acquired education did not meet the requirements, he became an ordinary person. A naturally intelligent person like him will become an ordinary person if he has no acquired education. Now those who are not born smart are ordinary people, and it is difficult to become ordinary people without receiving the acquired education! "Mulan is chirping, and Mulan is weaving at the door.

There is no sound of weaving, only a girl's sigh. Ask Mulan what she is thinking and what is missing. Mulan didn't think about anything and didn't miss anything.

I saw a proclamation in the army last night and learned that the emperor was recruiting troops on a large scale. There are many conscription lists with his father's name on them. My father has no eldest son and Mulan has no brother, so she is willing to buy pommel horse and apply instead of her father.

Mulan traveled all over the cities in the southeast and northwest, buying horses, saddles, reins and whips. In the morning, I said goodbye to my parents and set off. In the evening, I camped by the Yellow River. I can't hear my parents calling for my daughter, but I can only hear the flowing water of the Yellow River.

Say goodbye to the Yellow River in the morning and set off on the road. In the evening, I arrived at Heishan Mountain. I can't hear my parents calling my daughter, but I can only hear the chirping of the horses of Yanshan conference semifinals. Not far from Wan Li, I went to the battlefield, flew over the city gate and flew over the mountains.

The cold in the north conveys the sound of playing ball, and the cold moonlight reflects the soldiers' armored shirts. After years of fighting, many soldiers died in the battlefield, and Mulan and other survivors returned successfully.

When he returned victorious, he appeared in front of the emperor, who sat in the palace (rewarding his merits). Mulan was remembered for her great contribution and gained a lot of property.

The son of heaven asked Mulan what she wanted, but Mulan didn't want to be an official. She just wants to ride a swift horse and return to her hometown. When parents heard that their daughter was back, they helped each other to meet Mulan in the outer city. When my sister heard that she was back, she dressed up in front of the door. My brother heard that my sister came back and was busy sharpening the knife and killing pigs and sheep.

(Mulan goes home) Open the door of the East-West Attic, sit on the bed in the East-West Attic, take off my shirt, put on my old maid's clothes, open the window, arrange her hair as soft as a cloud in front of the mirror, and stick a piece of gold on her forehead (an old woman's ornament). When I went out to meet my comrades-in-arms, they were all surprised: after traveling together for many years, I didn't even know Mulan was a girl.

When picking up the rabbit's ears, the front foot of the male rabbit always moves, and the eyes of the female rabbit often squint. When two rabbits run side by side, how do you know which one is male and which one is female? At the beginning of Sun Quan's persuasion, Sun Quan said to Lv Meng, "You are in charge now, you can't help studying!" Lv Meng refused with busy military affairs.

Sun Quan said, "Do I want you to be a scholar who studies Confucian classics? All you have to do is have a general look and get to know the history. You said you had a lot of business. Who can compare with me? I often read books and find it very beneficial. "

Lv Meng then began to study. When Lu Su came to Xunyang, (Lu Su) discussed it with him and said in surprise, "Your current talent and strategy are (already) not (that) Amon of Wu!" Lv Meng said: "After a few days of separation, people with lofty ideals will open their eyes again and look at them with new eyes. Why did big brother know this so late? " Then Lu Su visited Monroe's mother, became friends with Monroe, and then left.

There is a person who is good at performing ventriloquism in Beijing. One day, there happened to be a big banquet for guests, and an eight-foot wide fence was put in the northeast corner of the living room. The ventriloquist sat in the barrier, with only a table, a chair, a fan and a piece of wood in it.

The guests sat around together. After a while, I heard a clapping sound from the barrier, and the whole audience was quiet. No one dares to speak loudly.

I only heard dogs barking in a deep alley in the distance. A woman was awakened, yawning and stretching, and her husband was talking in his sleep. After a while, the child woke up and burst into tears.

The husband is awake, too. The woman patted the child and breast-fed him. The child is still crying in his mouth. The woman patted the child and hummed him to sleep.

Another big boy woke up and chattered. At that time, the woman patted the child's voice with her hand and sang a song in her mouth. The child is crying with the voice of * * *. The older child's voice just woke up, and her husband shouted at the older child's voice. At the same time, they all rang, and all kinds of voices were vividly performed.

All the guests cocked their heads and listened intently without craning their necks, smiling and secretly admiring, thinking it was wonderful! Before long, the husband's snoring began, and the voice of the woman patting the child gradually stopped for a while. I vaguely heard the sound of a mouse, the knocking of pots and pans, and the cough of a woman in my dream.

Hearing this, the guests relaxed a little and sat up straight gradually. Suddenly a man shouted, "Fire!" The husband stood up and shouted, the wife stood up and shouted, and the two children began to cry together.

7. People's Education Edition, the second grade language, the first volume of classical Chinese, the original work of Peach Blossom Garden.

Watching the tide in Zhejiang is also a big world view. I hope I will be very successful on 18. Fang Qi is far away from Haimen, just like a silver line; As we approached, the snow mountain in Yucheng fell from the sky, sounding like Hong Zhong, shocking the maser, devouring the sky and the sun, with great power. The same is true of Yang Chengzhai's poem "Silver in the sea is the country and jade in the river is the waist". Every year, the Zhejiang Pavilion is silent to teach the water army to study, with hundreds of people on both sides of the strait; After that, those who galloped and split into five formations and rode flags, javelins and knives on the water were all on the ground. Yellow smoke is everywhere, people are invisible, and water is like a mountain. When the smoke subsided, there was no trace, only the "enemy ship" was burned by the fire and died with the waves. There are hundreds of swimmers in Wu Ershan, all wearing tattoos and holding ten colorful flags. They fought bravely and went back to meet them. They haunt Whale Wave Wan Ren, and their bodies are changeable, but their flag tails are not wet, so as to show off their abilities. More than ten miles up and down the river, Luoqi is full of pearls and green flowers, and horses and chariots are crowded on the road, often eating at the vault and watching the curtain.

Look at the snow in the middle of the lake /view/403502