Sand ginseng has the effect of nourishing yin and clearing the lungs, transforming phlegm and benefiting the qi, timid phlegm and stopping cough, which is used for lung-heat and dry cough, yin deficiency, dry cough and phlegm sticking to the cough, qi and yin insufficiency, and annoyance and heat and mouth ten and so on. Then how to plant salvia? The following is the method I organized for you to plant sasanqua, I hope it will be useful to you.
1, plant features and varieties
(1) plant features: perennial herbs, with white latex Jurassic 50 ~ 1O0 thick meters high. The stem leaves are alternate, narrowly umbilical or rectangular-netted narrowly ovate, the margins are irregularly sawn. Inflorescences narrowly long; calyx campanulate, apex 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate, hairy; corolla lilac to purplish blue, broadly campanulate, ca. 1.8 cm, 5-lobed, lobes tricolored, externally lanceolate, stamens 5; filaments basally broad, pilose; ovary inferior. Capsule spherical.
(2) Variety profile. There are many ecotypes of varieties, and the germplasm is mixed, and the varieties that are commonly cultivated around the world at present are:
Big Red Robe Green Stem Ginseng. The root crown is small, and the ginseng root yield is low.
Wild purple stem and few leaves ginseng. Weak growth, yield is difficult to increase.
Farmer's ginseng. Yield increase of 8.6% and 6.7% over the above two varieties.
Laiyang l purple stemmed less leafy ginseng. It is an ideal variety selected in recent years from the farmers' purple stemmed less leafy ginseng scarf by continuous system, with a 20% increase in yield over the above varieties, which can create high yield.
2, biological characteristics
Rotary leaf ginseng seed germination starting temperature of 8 ℃, the germination of the appropriate temperature of l5 ~ l8 ℃. Growth and development of the appropriate temperature 15 ~ 25 ℃, the temperature is lower than 10 ℃ stunted growth and development, higher than 25 ℃, long stem and leaves and not conducive to the growth of the root, June to August for the root growth and expansion period, August-September flowering, September-October results.
The adaptability of the wheel-leaf salvia is wide, strong resistance. Experimentally proved, in Yunnan altitude of 1600 ~ 1900 meters, the average annual temperature of 12?16 ℃, annual rainfall of 800?1800 mm, the annual relative humidity of more than 65% of the mountainous areas, semi-mountainous areas can be planted. The soil and cultivation system requirements are not strict, but to; deep soil, loose texture, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline sandy loam, loam, purple soil is preferred. Pre-crops to grass, leguminous crops are good.
3, cultivation technology
(1) Selection of land and stubble. Sand ginseng does not require much soil. Only requires a deep layer of soil, organic matter content of 1.1% or more, more than 70 mg / kg of alkaline nitrogen, more than 15 mg / kg of effective phosphorus, more than 15 mg / kg of effective potassium, pH value of 6.3-6.5 slightly acidic light loam, loamy, brown loamy soil type planting can be. Pre-crop to baked tobacco, taro, taro is good, followed by corn, avoid heavy crop. Such land conditions planted sand ginseng, white texture, powdery enough, thick meat, fine xylem, through the root white without yellow tips, ginseng root dry weight is high. It is determined that the sandy soil species of sand ginseng fresh dry ratio of 4:1; and light loam, loamy land fresh dry ratio of 3:1, less water, high dry weight.
(2) Land preparation and fertilization. Sand cucumber is a taproot plant, the root can be up to 1 meter long, requiring the soil layer to be deep, and the land preparation should be fine penetration of more than 50 centimeters. At the same time, before the deep turning of the land per mu into the soil fertilizer 3 to 4 tons, 60 kg of ammonium carbonate, Pu calcium base fertilizer accounted for 70% of the application, after turning the plow leveled and harrowed fine. Managed to become wide; 80 to 100 centimeters, 20 to 25 centimeters high moisture, to be planted.
(3) reproduction methods. Propagation by seed. Can take spring sowing (February-March) or fall sowing (mid-October to late November) sowing, most areas in Yunnan take spring sowing.
① Ensure density. In the good moisture to take a wide or narrow width of open furrow strip sowing. Wide each 18 cm, 2 to 4 per moisture, narrow each; 10 cm, 3 to 5 per moisture; ditch width 3 to 4 cm deep, the bottom of the ditch should be flat, the soil district should be fine, ditch spacing 10 to 15 cm, mu seeding about 4 kg. After sowing the cover tightly stepped on, first cover 1 cm of fine soil, stepped on and then covered with 1 cm of fine sand.
② Seedling management. Seedlings out of the ground need to have good moisture as a guarantee, keep the soil moist, the first piece of true pt-H,-j can be inter-seedling, 3 5 pieces of fixed seedlings, spacing is 10 15 cm, each mu to stay in the seedling of 14 million 160,000 plants.
(4) Field management
① Plowing and weeding. After the temperature rises in early spring, if the ground is stagnant, use a nail harrow to loosen the soil to preserve moisture. Sand cucumber is a densely planted crop, row spacing is small, tender stems and leaves, easy to break, should not be plowed with a hoe, must be weeded at any time. Sand ginseng is more drought-resistant, 65% of the water holding capacity of the field is appropriate, but in the early spring drought, pay attention to replenishment of water to promote seedlings, to sprinkler irrigation or splash watering is good. Make the soil dry and wet, and promote root elongation. Rainy season should pay special attention to drainage.
② fertilizer. Combined with the rain or watering before and after the rain, 15 20 kg per mu of urea as seedling fertilizer, generally divided into 2 times, respectively, in the seedling and strong growth before application. Later on, there is no more fertilizer, only in the vigorous growth of the middle and late and bud period, respectively, with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar spray, 3 to 4 times outside the root of the fertilizer.
(5) Pests and diseases and their control
① Root-knot nematode disease. began to occur in early May. Nematodes invade the roots of plants, sucking sap, stimulating cells to form rhizomes, making seedlings yellow, or even death. Preventive measures: avoid continuous or before as a legume crop; land fertilization, 15% nematicide granules per acre, or 3% furadan granules 2-3 kg, evenly spread after plowing.
② Leaf shrinkage disease. It is a viral disease caused by the transmission of red spider venom. The leaves of the diseased plant are wrinkled and twisted, growth is slow, and the plant is short and misshapen. Preventive measures: choose disease-free plants to keep seeds; in the seedling stage, that is, in the first and middle of May when the red spider occurs, spray 20% mite death net suspension 2000 to 3000 times liquid, or 10% pine resin compound emulsion 500?800 times liquid. Before the onset of seedling stage, spray 1～2 times 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 1.5% phytophthora emulsion 1000 times liquid.
③ Great gray weevil beetle. Adults bite the young shoots and young leaves, causing a serious shortage of seedlings. Preventive measures: in the early morning or evening, near the inter-root artificial trapping adult insects; per acre with fresh radish strips or leaves 5 to 7 kg chopped, mixed with 90% crystalline trichlorfon 10 grams into the poisonous bait, evening sprinkled on the ground to kill.
④ Insects. Larvae drilled into the roots, stems, leaves, buds in the harm, so that the root hollow, buds are not real, seriously affecting the yield and quality: control measures: winter clearing garden, reduce the source of overwintering insects; master in the larval hatching period, spraying 18% insecticidal bisulphide 600 800 times liquid, or 10% poly poly polybot emulsion 1000?2000 times liquid, or 25% of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis emulsifiable oil 2000?3000 times liquid. Control effect are good.
(6) seed breeding. Select the sandy soil to build a seed plot, apply enough base fertilizer at the same time, apply 15?20 kg of calcium per acre. Choose to grow strong, plant shape consistent 1 year-old plants as seedlings, each plant only stay on the main stem of the fruit plate, remove the side branches on the small fruit plate, in order to focus on nutrients to promote seed full. mid-July when the fruit was yellow-brown, marking the maturity of the seed, with the ripe with the pick, otherwise easy to fall off.
4, harvesting and processing
(1) Harvesting. Spring ginseng (two-year-old ginseng) harvested in July of the third year; fall ginseng (one-year-old ginseng) harvested in September of the second year. Autumn ginseng is better. It is best to harvest when the lower leaves are yellowish, the top leaves are dark green, and more than 80% of the plant's heart leaves have not grown. When harvesting first in the moisture side of the digging a deep trench, revealing the root strips pulled by hand, remove the leaves of the ginseng, shake off the soil, put in a cool place.
(2) Processing. The roots of the ginseng according to the thickness of the separation, choose a sunny day in the morning processing. First wash off the mud, bundled into 0.7 ~ 1.2 kg of the handle, the tail root first into the boiling water along the pot to turn 2-3 weeks (6-8 seconds), and then the whole spread into the pot to boil, and constantly stirring with a stick, continue to heat so that the water temperature boils until the middle of the root of the ginseng can be pinched to remove the skin when the roots of the ginseng fish out, peeled off the outer skin, drying that is, medicinal use. In case of cloudy days, it should be dried to avoid discoloration and mold.
sand ginseng cultivation technologyplanting method
spring sowing, the year's newly harvested seeds and before freezing sand germination treatment. The method is to dig a 0.3-meter-deep pit in a half-shade, half-sun place, the length of which depends on the number of seeds. Then 1 part of the seed mixed with 3 parts of sand mixed evenly, put in the pit, watering, the surface and then covered with a layer of mat or firewood. The next year before the Qingming to Guyu Festival to take out, stirring once a day, will be germinated when sifting the sand for sowing.
Field management
When the seedlings grow l ~ 2 true leaves, inter-seeding, keep the spacing 5 ~ 7 cm. Not too dry try not to water. To strengthen the plow to promote the main root rooting. If you need to water, you should pour small water. Fertilizer 2 times during the growth period, the first time before the wheat harvest, per mu forced to apply 25 kg of compound fertilizer; the second in the small summer to the summer festival, per mu of urea 20 kg or fertilizers such as soybean cake, cottonseed cake, fertilizer, watering after fertilization. The high temperature and rainy season should pay attention to drainage, in order to prevent root rot.
Main pests and diseases
Virus disease, this disease is mostly preventive, you can apply more basal fertilizer to enhance disease resistance, and timely treatment of aphids to reduce the vector. Pests include root-knot nematodes, heartworms, weevils, red spiders, aphids and grubs. Root-knot nematodes can be 1.8 % Avicenna 3,000 times liquid irrigation roots, 7 days irrigation 1 time, even irrigation 2 times; heartworm, weevils with 5O% phoxim 1,000 times liquid spray; red spider and aphids with 40 % of the Leconazole emulsion l 500 times liquid spray; grubs with 50% of the phoxim 1,O00 times liquid pouring poisonous kill.
Harvesting and processing
The root of the northern salvia is used as medicine. Sowed before winter to the next year after the White Dew Festival. When the leaves are yellowing, the spring sowing of the northern ginseng can be a little later to plan and harvest. Remove the stems and roots, wash the soil, put in boiling water after scalding peeled off the skin, sun-dried or dried into the medicine.
Shape and quality of herbs
Peeled ginseng is slender, cylindrical, slightly thin at the top, slightly thick in the middle, and tapering at the bottom. The surface is yellowish-white, rough, with fine longitudinal wrinkles or grooves and tiny cracks, and all of them are pasteurized and horny. Hard and brittle, easily broken. Section is untidy, with ray pattern, white or light yellow woody heart in the middle, forming layer ring, brownish yellow, phloem light yellowish white. The root is long and thin, uniform, firm and brittle.