If the soil humidity is too high, bulbs will rot and die. The requirements for soil are not strict, but in the sandy loam with deep and loose soil layer, the bulbs are white and the meat is thick. It grows well in semi-yin and semi-yang and slightly acidic soil.
Cohesive soil is not suitable for farming. The root system is strong and developed, and it is resistant to fertilizer. After unearthed in spring, it is required that nitrogen nutrition is sufficient, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are sufficient, n: p: k = 1: 0.8: 1, and the fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer. Avoid continuous cropping, rotate crops once every 3-4 years, and it is best to use leguminous and gramineous crops as previous crops.
1, land selection and preparation:
Sandy loam with fertile soil, Gao Shuang topography, good drainage and loose soil should be selected for planting. Combined with soil preparation, 2000 kg of organic fertilizer and 40-50 kg of Yangfeng compound fertilizer are applied per mu as base fertilizer. Apply 50-60 kg of lime per mu (or 0.6 kg of 50% Diyanong) for soil disinfection. Then, the rake is trimmed and leveled to 1.3m wide, and the furrow is 30cm wide, with deep drainage ditches around it, with good drainage.
2, lily planting method:
Lily mainly propagates through bulbs. Small bulbs with compact scales, white and straight color, no damage and no pests and diseases are selected as seeds.
Soak lily seed stems/kloc-0 in 70% thiophanate methyl, carbendazim or agricultural streptomycin solution for 5-30 minutes for disinfection, air drying and sowing. The suitable time is from the end of September to 65438+ 10. On the whole border, horizontal border with row spacing of 25cm and deep border with row spacing of 12cm should be opened. Then plant a bulb every 15cm (plant spacing), with the top facing up, cover it with fine soil and plant it densely, cover it with soil, and add another layer where conditions permit. Per mu 1- 1.5 million plants, and the seed consumption per mu 150-200 seeds/kg.
3, lily field management:
(1) Early management. In winter, choose clear-day intertillage, sun the topsoil, keep moisture and keep warm. Loosening the soil and weeding before emergence in spring to raise the ground temperature and promote the early development of seedlings; Cover with grass to keep moisture. In summer, it is necessary to prevent decay caused by high temperature; In cold weather, it is necessary to keep warm, prevent frost and apply seedling fertilizer to promote the growth of lily.
(2) Middle and late management. First, ditch cleaning and drainage. The second is timely top. The best time is: when the bud changes from upright to drooping, the color of the sunny side changes from full green to pink. The time is June. The third is to control the application of nitrogen fertilizer after topping. Promote the rapid hypertrophy of young bulbs. In summer, the pearl buds should be removed in time, the water in the ditch should be cleaned, and the temperature and humidity in the field should be reduced.
(3) topdressing. The 1 period is a steady application of wax fertilizer. In June of 5438+0, when the lily seedlings were not unearthed, about 5- 10 kg of urea was applied in cooperation with the intertillage mu to promote new roots. The second time is to re-apply strong seedling fertilizer. In early April, when the lily seedling height is 10-20cm, compound fertilizer 10- 15 kg and urea 5- 10 kg are applied per mu to promote strong seedlings. The third time, it is suitable to apply bulb swelling fertilizer. After flowering and topping in mid-June, 30-40 kg of 48% urea-based compound fertilizer was applied per mu to promote bulb hypertrophy. At the same time, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves. Topdressing should be completed 40-50 days before excavation.
4, lily pest control
(1) Lily Fusarium wilt:
Fusarium wilt is one of the common diseases of lily, which occurs seriously in rainy years, causing stem and leaf corruption and seriously affecting bulb yield. Pathogens can invade stems, leaves, flowers and scales. After the base of the stem was killed, it contracted like water, causing the whole plant to wither and die quickly. The leaves are diseased, stained with water, light brown and irregular. When the disease is serious, flowers, pedicels and scales can all be killed, resulting in discoloration and corruption of the affected part.
Prevention and control methods of epidemic diseases: ① crop rotation; ② Choose plots with good drainage and loose soil for farming; (3) sterilizing the seed balls; ④ Strengthen field management and pay attention to ditching and drainage; Increase the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to make seedlings grow healthily; ⑤ Spray 1∶2∶200 bordeaux solution 1 time before emergence, and spray 50% carbendazim 800 times solution for 2-3 times after emergence to protect seedlings; After the onset of the disease, the diseased plants were pulled out in time and treated with 50% quicklime.
(2) Lily virus disease:
The plants affected by lily virus disease show yellow leaves or yellow spots, yellow stripes, acute defoliation, poor growth and atrophy. The buds can't bloom, and the plants wither and die in severe cases.
Prevention and treatment methods of virus diseases: ① breeding disease-resistant varieties or disease-free bulbs for propagation; (2) Strengthen field management, appropriately increase the application of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer to make plants grow healthily and enhance disease resistance; ③ Pull out seriously damaged plants, prevent aphids as soon as possible, and reduce reinfection of infected aphids.
(3) Lily leaf blight and soft rot:
Lily leaf blight and soft rot are the main diseases in growth period and storage period respectively.
The control method of lily leaf blight and soft rot: select healthy and disease-free bulbs for propagation, soak the seeds in 500-600 times solution of 50% benzimidazole for 20-30 minutes before sowing, dry them and plant them. Don't hurt bulbs during harvesting and transportation, and pay attention to ventilation and cooling during storage.
(4) Common pests of lily:
The common pests of lily are aphids, scarab larvae and mites. Aphids are harmful, and often cluster on the buds of young leaves to suck juice, which makes plants shrink, grow poorly and affect flowering and fruiting.
Control methods of lily pests;
(1) Sweep the countryside, eradicate weeds in the field and reduce the overwintering insect population; (2) During the occurrence period, spraying pyrethrin 2000 times, or 40% omethoate 1500 times, or 50% malathion 1000 times, the aphids were clean, which was a great hero.
Scarab larvae can be malathion and zinc thion. Acaricide can be used to kill mites.
Fourth, harvesting and processing.
From late July to early August, when the aboveground parts of plants wither and the bulbs are fully mature, they are harvested in sunny days. After harvesting, cut off the aboveground parts, fibrous roots and seed roots and store them in a ventilated place. Lily had better stay in the field for seed, and dig, select and sow when sowing in autumn. It can also be collected and dried, and piled up with dry sand for later use.