Kangxi was a scholar in nine years and granted the order of Jiading County in the south of the Yangtze River in fourteen years. Jiading is a big county, which collects a lot of taxes and pursues extravagance and waste.
Lu Long was simple and thrifty, trying to educate the people with morality. When the father sued his son, he persuaded him with tears, and the son helped his father come back and treated him well from then on.
When the younger brother sued his brother, he found that the instigator was killed by a stick, which made both brothers moved and regretted. Some teenagers with bad conduct colluded to do evil, so they were put on cangue and displayed at the intersection, and their repentance was released.
A rich man's servant stole a woodcutter's wife, and Lu sent officials to arrest and punish him, which made the rich man change his previous behavior and become a good man. In the case of a lawsuit, Lu Long does not need to send police officers to arrest people. If he is involved in a dispute within a tribe, he will let his tribal leader decide. If he is involved in a dispute in the village, he will rely on the old man to deal with it.
Sometimes both the plaintiff and the defendant are required to come to the county government for mediation, which is called "asking for it." In order to collect taxes, Lu formulated the "hanging ratio method" and wrote the names of the people for comparison. As for how much was paid, everyone reported it.
At the same time, the "Gansu Limited Law" was formulated, and it was ordered to double the arrears limited to today in the future. In fifteen years, * * * paid for the war, and Lu ordered the collection, stating that "it is not good for the people and the state if you don't consider official business".
So every household sent a business card of the magistrate of a county to persuade. In less than a month, it paid as much as100,000, and also caught up with the housing construction tax. Lu thought that only shops in the city should be taxed and ordered not to involve rural people's houses. Mu, the governor of Jiangning, asked the governors of all States and counties to adjust the law more simply. So in Jiading county, the government affairs are complicated and there are many tax evaders. Although his behavior is superb, he has no ability to handle complicated affairs, so he should be transferred to a county with simple affairs.
After going down to the official department for discussion, Lu was demoted on the grounds of lack of talents. Some people in the county were killed by robbers on the road, but their families complained of revenge. Lu caught the robber and tried him.
The punishments think that the original report didn't talk about robbers, so as to cover up the thief's fault and take Lou's office. In seventeen years, he selected talents with his erudition. Before taking the exam, Lu returned to his hometown because of his father's death.
In the eighteenth year, Wei Xiangshu, at Zuo Du's suggestion, elected an honest official according to the emperor's order and recommended Lu to be honest and love the people. When he left office, he had only a few books and a loom used by his wife. People loved him as much as their parents. After the mourning period expired, the emperor ordered him to be the magistrate of a county. "
Twenty-two years, was appointed as Zhili Lingshou county magistrate. Lingshou has poor land, poor people, large labor force and frivolous folk customs.
Lu asked his boss to change his service with the neighboring county, and he could take turns. Lu carried out township conventions, inspected, issued proclamations many times, and repeatedly educated the people to get rid of the custom of fighting and committing suicide.
In 23 years, Gulgood, the governor of Zhili, recommended Lu and Yanzhou Zhifu 'ao as clean officials. In the twenty-ninth year, the emperor sent a letter to Jiuqing to recommend people with profound knowledge and good conduct. Lu was recommended again and was awarded the imperial edict that he could be transferred to Beijing.
Lu lived in Lingshou for seven years. When he left office, the road was crowded with people crying to see him off, just like when he left Jiading. After Lu Diao went to Beijing, he was awarded the history of Sichuan Daoism.
When his father died, the governor asked the emperor to let him be filial to his father. Lu said that the world is at peace, Huguang is not a place to fight, and he should be allowed to be filial, so he returned to his hometown. In thirty years, the Qing army conquered Galdin, and in order to raise military expenditure, * * * adopted the practice of sealing officials and conferring titles.
It is suggested that Chen Jing request to stop the practice of having to recommend donors for promotion and implement the policy of giving priority to multiple donors, which was not approved by the official department after discussion. Lu Dui said, "It was not the emperor's intention to grant officials to donors. If donors are allowed not to be recommended, it is no different from taking the right path to be an official. In addition, can integrity be obtained through donations? As for priority donors, it is tantamount to opening the way for fame and fortune, which is not feasible.
In particular, it is necessary to let donors resign without being recommended within three years, and clarify the promotion path. Jiuqing discussed: "If the practice of letting donors resign is implemented, it will be more intense for those who want to be recommended."
So, the emperor wrote a letter to Chen Jing for a detailed discussion. Lu went up and said, "People who donate money are good and bad. Only by recommending them can we prevent their disadvantages.
If you exclude the recommendation and only donate to the official, won't these people donate? Everyone said that it is too harsh to let people resign after three years without being recommended. It is too much for these unworthy civilians to get official positions and be above the people for three years. Even if you resign and retire at home, it is as glorious as a bureaucrat. If these people seek protection by digging wells, where can they compete as long as the governor and governor are wise? Even if the governor and the governor are not wise, they can't recommend everyone! "The hydrophobic is radical.
Chen Jing and Jiuqing still hold different opinions. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development requested that Lu be taken away from his office and sent to Fengtian for resettlement on the grounds that the donor was watching and would delay the military supplies.
The emperor said, "I haven't been an official for a long time and I don't know the situation." He should indeed be punished, but he can be forgiven as a speech officer. " It happened that Shun Tianfu went to visit Zaifu together and reported it to the imperial court, which made people uneasy, for fear that Lu would send him to far away places.
Therefore, I have to avoid it. Soon, he was ordered to inspect the north city.
After the expiration of the appointment, the official department negotiated to transfer him, so Lu took time off and went back to his hometown. Thirty-one years, pawn.
In thirty-three years, Jiangnan was short of manpower, and the emperor planned to use Lu, and the courtiers reported that Lu was dead, so Shao Siyao was used. In the past, Shao Siyao and Lu were officials transferred to Beijing from other places because they were honest officials.
In the second year of Yongzheng, Sejong visited to discuss the increase of Confucian scholars, and Lu was one of them. In the first year of Qianlong, posthumous title was awarded a bachelor's degree in Cabinet and assistant minister of does.
His works include Kun Mian Lu.
2. Translation of Classical Chinese: Zhang Shusheng's Draft of Qing History, Biography of Zhang Shusheng 234 and its translation reference: Translation: Zhang Shusheng, a native of Hefei, Anhui.
When the Taiping Army invaded northern Anhui, Zhang Shusheng and his younger brothers Zhang Shushan and Zhang Shuping led the militia to suppress the uprising. Beyond Hefei, Hanshan, Lu 'an, Yingshan, Huoshan, Buried Hill and Wuwei were successively captured. Especially in the Taihu Lake World War I, 500 people took the lead and repelled tens of thousands of troops in Chen Yucheng, which can be said to have made great contributions, and then the tactics were vigorously promoted.
At that time, Liu Mingchuan, Zhou Shengbo, Pan and others built forts to protect themselves. Northern Anhui was torn apart, leaving only the area west of Hefei. Zeng Guofan called Zhang Shusheng to guard Wuhu. Later, he called Wuwei and was promoted to magistrate.
In five years of Tongzhi, Zhang Shusheng led Li Hongzhang to Shanghai for support. Li Hongzhang established the Huai Army, Zhang Shusheng and Liu Mingchuan led part of the Huai Army respectively, and captured Jiangyin together. Zhang Shusheng was promoted to be a Taoist priest.
Li Hongzhang personally inspected Loumen Cheng Xueqi's army and sent Zhang Shusheng to support Dangkou. Zhang Shusheng breached Xie Jiaqiao, pursued Qimen, and defeated Huang Dai's enemy. Cheng Xueqi was guarded by the city, and the Taiping Army never appeared in the stair-door again.
In the second year of Tongzhi, he attacked Wuxi and Jingui, engaged the enemy in Furong Mountain, defeated the enemy and captured countless warships. He was awarded the title of "Zhuoyong Batulu" and was awarded three official uniforms. Zhang Shusheng pushed into Changzhou.
In the second year (the third year of Tongzhi), more than 20 Taiping Army camps on both sides of the river were attacked continuously and all of them were breached. After capturing Changzhou, he continued to March into Huzhou, Zhejiang, and awarded the title of registered judge of Zhang Shusheng.
Tongzhi for four years, was appointed as Jiangsu Xuhaidao. Soon, he was appointed as a direct record of history and went to Daming to supervise national defense affairs.
In the ninth year of Tongzhi, Zhang Shusheng was transferred to Shanxi. Two years later, he was promoted to Governor of Grain Transportation, acting as the Governor of Jiangsu.
Tongzhi thirteen years, was awarded the governor of Jiangsu. After her mother died, she quit her job and went home to attend the funeral.
In the third year of Guangxu, Zhang Shusheng was highly valued and was appointed as the governor of Guizhou. At the right moment, Guangdong company commander Li occupied Lingshan area, assembled bandit troops to invade Vietnam, and the court ordered Zhang Shusheng to be the governor of Guangxi to deal with the aftermath.
After the matter was solved, he was promoted to the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, and successively suppressed Xilin Miao bandits and Wu bandits. )。 In the eighth year of Guangxu, Li Hongzhang's mother died and went home to deal with the funeral.
Zhang Shusheng is acting as the Governor of Zhili. When there was civil strife in North Korea, Japanese special envoy Hua led 500 soldiers to enter and forced North Korea to sign an agreement.
Zhang Shusheng (after receiving the report) urgently ordered Wu Changqing and others to rush to North Korea, forcing Japan to sign a contract to withdraw troops. Then, Wu Changqing attacked the chaotic party at night and wiped out all its subordinates. The civil strife in North Korea was quelled, and Zhang Shusheng was allowed to play again, leaving Wu Changqing temporarily stationed in North Korea.
The emperor praised Zhang Shusheng's ability and made him a prince. In the second year, he was appointed governor of Guangdong and Guangxi.
Soon, catching up with the French invasion of Vietnam, Zhang Shusheng reported to the court the French invasion of Vietnam and its advance on China, and supported the anti-French. When the Huai army was defeated in BAC ninh, Zhang Shusheng himself requested to be relieved of the post of the commander-in-chief and concentrate on running the army, and was allowed to ask for instructions after reporting.
Later, he was found guilty of making a false report and was removed from his post. Soon, Zhang Shusheng died of illness and built temples in Zhili, Jiangsu and Hefei in Jingda and posthumous title.
Zhang Shushan has another biography. Zhang Shuping was promoted to lieutenant for recovering Jiangsu counties and accumulating meritorious deeds.
Crushing the twisting army with the army, stationed in Zhoujiakou, led the troops to defeat and subdue them many times. After the Nian Army was pacified, Zhang Shuping was promoted to magistrate and was awarded the title of "Qiu".
Later, he was transferred to Shanxi to be responsible for the military security of the Yellow River Basin. In the second year of Guangxu, he was transferred to Hequ and Baode.
Just as the Anhui army rushed to support Urumqi, Cao, a rogue active in Gansu, fled to the Houshan area. Zhang Shuping was ordered to inspect. After receiving the warning, he chased the rebels in the heavy snow. After the chaos was settled, Zhang Shusheng was given the first suit and was appointed as the company commander of Taiyuan Town.
After moving to Baotou, it was transferred to Datong. In the 13th year of Guangxu, he asked for retirement.
After his death, Li Hongzhang made contributions, and the court gave him a generous pension, and established an ancestral temple in Taiyuan to commemorate him. Biography of Zhang Shusheng and Translation of Draft of Qing History: 234; Gresky compiled the original text: Zhang Shusheng, born in Hefei, Anhui.
Yuekou disturbed northern Anhui and killed thieves with his brothers Shushan and Shuping. After the cross-border attack, even Hanshan, Lu' an, Yingshan, Huoshan, Buried Hill and Wuwei; And the battle of Taihu Lake, with 500 people trapped, repelled tens of thousands of people in Chen Yucheng, made outstanding achievements, and restored the method of fixing the wall to clear the field.
At that time, Liu Mingchuan, Zhou Shengbo and Pan all built castles in succession, united as one, and northern Anhui was broken, leaving only Xixiang. Zeng Guo defended Wuhu, transferred inaction and moved to the magistrate.
In the first year of Tongzhi, he helped Shanghai from Li Hongzhang. The Huai Army was established, leading the people to be equal with Mingchuan, from Ke Jiangyin to Jindao.
Hong Zhang saw Loumen Cheng Xueqi's army with his own eyes, sent trees to make a detour, broke Xiejia Bridge, drove Qimen to the north, and was defeated by Dai Huang. After learning, he forced the city to join the army, so the Loumen Koudao died. In the second year, he attacked Wuxi and Jingui, attacked Koufurong Mountain, broke it, and took the warship equipment beyond measure, giving him the name Zhuoyong Batulu and three clothes.
The sound of trees pushes Changzhou Over the age of 20, he attacked the river for more than 20 battalions and broke it.
City pull, into the complex in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, a letter to the provincial judges to register. In four years, Xu Hai Road, Jiangsu Province.
Find the provincial judge in Zhili to go to Daming to argue. Nine years, transferred to Shanxi.
In the second year, he was appointed governor of grain transportation and served as governor of Jiangsu for thirteen years. Stepmother was worried and came back.
Guangxu three years, awarded the governor of Guizhou. Li, the commander-in-chief of Guangdong Province, commanded Lingshan, disturbed Yue, and commanded trees to caress Gui Zhi.
Governor Ning successively wiped out bandits and Wu bandits in the West. In eight years, Hong Zhang lost his mother and was buried, and the sound of trees went straight to the governor.
In the wake of the Korean Rebellion, the Japanese Embassy pledged 500 soldiers to Wang Jing, forced the DPRK to negotiate a treaty, and the tree flew to Wu Changqing and others, so it reached an agreement and sought an alliance and returned. So evergreen and others attacked the disorderly party at night and learned that chaos was certain. Shusheng ordered Changqing to temporarily guard North Korea, respect its ability, and add the prince to protect it less.
Next year, we will also supervise Guangdong and Guangxi. The more you know the law, the more you build a soldier, that is, you smell it as a legal person invasion.
Catch Beining and ask the governor to help the army and report it. If you sit down again, you will be dismissed and remain in office.
A few days later, he died of illness, died in Jingda, and built a temple in Zhili and his hometown in Jiangsu. Shushan has her own biography.
Shuping, in order to recover Jiangsu counties, Ji Xun was the lieutenant. Conscription, stationed in Zhoujiakou, fighting.
3. The author of the full-text translation of the ancient prose "The Draft of Qing History" is Zhang Xun, a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu.
In the seventeenth year of Kangxi, he was awarded the title of magistrate in Dengfeng and took office. I stayed in the county for three days and vowed not to accept a penny of bribes and not to wronged a good man.
In front of the yamen stood a huge stone with four words engraved on it: "Eliminate the private faction forever." A cabinet was set up to collect opinions, and the people threw their envelopes in. There are never any letters left.
He summoned the exiles and urged them to farm the fields. He inspected the land conditions and crops suitable for planting there, and then urged people to plant kapok and various fruit trees.
The school was also overhauled and Songyang Academy, one of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty, was restored. Mang Zhang hired Geng Jie as a teacher to teach students with Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism.
2 1 school has been established from county to remote areas. He examines students, checks them regularly, corrects students' sentence reading, and teaches them the manners of advancing and retreating.
In his spare time, he rides a donkey to visit the poor and ask for help. Small disputes are settled on the spot.
This place, Ludian in the west of the county, has always been easy to go to court. Zhang Biao reviewed Mr. Zhang's talent, recommended him to make a rural convention, and asked him to educate and guide the people, thus completely changing the dishonest folk customs.
Shen Errui, the village chief, will be whipped if he owes taxes. If he finds the tax used by others to pay taxes on the way, he will return the tax to others, preferring to be accused rather than profit from other people's money. Zhang Biao thought he was virtuous and praised him.
The farmer died of high school. His wife Meng was young, and her father-in-law wanted to force her to get married. Meng wept bitterly at her husband's grave and prepared to hang himself.
Zhang Biao happened to change clothes and travel and asked him why he was crying. Knowing the situation, he gave her money and rice to go home, thus exempting her from the corvee. Give her condolences every year and keep her moral integrity.
There used to be many officials in the county government. At that time, the number of lawsuits was decreasing day by day, and there was no place for treachery and fraud. Most small officials have gone home. Those who take turns to take charge of ceremonial duties, when they have nothing to do, go home and pick up farm tools to do farm work, because there is no way to make money in the yamen.
After five years in power, the people knew that they were on the right track and their living savings were increasing day by day, so they wrote the four characters "Guanqing Folk Music" at their doorstep. I once lamented: "In recent years, the Song and Luo areas seem to have become another world!" In the 22nd year of Kangxi, Mang Zhang was recommended to be promoted as a judge of Nanning because of his outstanding talent.
On the day he left, the people stopped crying and built ancestral temples for him everywhere, making statues and offering sacrifices to him.
4. All the names of "officials" in the translation of Draft of Qing History first appeared in Biography of Historical Records, and were later inherited by Hanshu, Houhanshu and even Draft of Qing History, which became the official records of county-level local officials who attached importance to agriculture, education, honesty, prosperity and thinking. In addition to the concepts of "honest official" and "good official" in official history, there are also titles of "honest official" and even "heavenly master" in Yuan Zaju. Commentators generally believe that officials' achievements are mainly manifested in three aspects: first, they have improved people's economic life; Second, education; Third, go to court. According to the traditional Confucian political model of "getting rich first and then educating", among the three, improving people's economic life is the most important, and education and litigation serve the former.
Honest officials are law-abiding officials, and to put it bluntly, they are good officials. Sima Qian first wrote biographies of officials, and later generations had biographies of officials.
A really good official, even the people admire him. For example, when Ni Kuan, a famous minister in the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was in charge of internal affairs, the time depended on people's feelings, so many taxes were often in arrears. Once, the army was going to fight, and the country was in urgent need of money and food. But Ni Kuan should have been removed from office because of insufficient tax revenue. As soon as the people under the rule heard the news and were afraid of losing their good parents and officials, they all came to pay food. A large family pulls with an ox cart, while a small family carries the burden, and the front foot follows the back foot. The queue is like a long line. Finally, Ni Kuan got the most money and food. It's really amazing to be an official at this point.
Wen Weng is the beginning of the biography of Han officials. He was a member of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty and Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. He was recorded in history because of his successful development of education and promotion of Dahan culture in Sichuan. At that time, Shu's cultural level was very low. He had good intentions and spared no effort to promote cultural education. He first personally selected more than a dozen sensitive and talented small officials to inculcate them, and then sent them to Beijing to study Confucian classics or laws. After he finished his studies, he chose excellent officials, some of whom were appointed as county magistrates and secretariat officials. He also built an official school in Chengdu to recruit students, and the recruits were exempted from corvee, and those who learned well made up for the official. Every time I go out on tour, I will always bring my peers who have studied well and let everyone see envy. Later, everyone rushed to enter the school, and some rich people also sponsored it. As a result, there are many cultural and educational schools in Shu, and there are as many Shu people who come to Beijing to study as there are cultural countries such as Qi and Lu. Later, schools were established in the county, which was based on Wen Weng's example.
By Daniel's standards, what Wen Weng did was obviously inappropriate. Although there are only a few hundred words in the history books, we can see that when he sent young people to Beijing to study, he tried to reduce the expenses of his own government and bought a lot of local specialties such as knives and cloth to give to his husband after they went to Beijing. Whether this gift-giving method was legal at that time stayed here, but it was in line with the understanding of ordinary people that asking for help was a gift. Only by following this consensus can Wen Weng's later achievements be settled. Then Wang Cheng, after Wen Weng's biography, was praised by the Ming emperor, but after his death, he was accused of falsely reporting statistics to get a reward. It seems that this is the first official in China who has been commended for falsely reporting his achievements. The misconduct of falsely reporting political achievements is not caused by cruel officials at first, but by honest officials at first. The cultural implication here is worth thinking about.
Ba Huang, Yang Xia (now Taikang, Henan Province), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Xuandi were great officials, and later became prime ministers. Ren Yingchuan (now Yuxian County, Henan Province) advised farmers to raise orphans. These don't need to be elaborated. Anyway, he did a lot of good things. The secret of his governance of officials and people is: with his excellent memory, he always pays attention to all the nuances, thus shaping his omniscient image, making people stunned and afraid to do evil. For example, he once sent an official to go out secretly on business, but the official dared not live in a public post office or eat dry food on the roadside, and the meat he brought was taken away by crows. A citizen who went to the government on business happened to see this scene and told Ba Huang. When the clerk returned to the office after work, Ba Huang comforted him and said, "This trip was very kind of you. The crow took the meat away while eating at the roadside." Officials are so scared that they dare not hide anything when they ask. It is precisely because of similar actions that the bad guys dare not commit crimes in Yingchuan and leave one after another. There are few thieves in China, and the Japanese rule. If we think about it carefully, we can find that Ba Huang's spooky behavior is ridiculous, but the problem is that this unintentional act of controlling subordinates by probing into details will become intentional espionage if we take one step further, and the result will be not fun but terrible.
Here, a detailed analysis of the various negotiable trips of officials is not like the author's conviction everywhere, but to point out that people are always accompanied by all kinds of melodrama and even melodrama on the road of upward efforts, and must always conform to the world trend. In order to achieve glorious goals, we often have to use some small means that we can't hide, and the temptation to be a good person often tempts people to make mistakes that good people don't make. I'm afraid this is human nature, you can't avoid it, and there is nothing you can do.
5. Translate Fang Bao's Draft of Qing Dynasty;
The emperor is very knowledgeable and respects Confucianism and Confucianism. He studies knowledge (in his spare time) and communicates with people, especially those he has never met. Therefore, we can practice Taoism for a long time, educate prejudice, change customs, and make people in the world peaceful and happy, and achieve peace and prosperity. This bustling scene of Kangxi and Yongzheng has made future generations admire and miss it, and it has continued to this day. The biography says: "As a monarch, the highest moral character is benevolence." He also said: "Morality can't be better, and people won't forget him." Well, what a good morality.
Yongxi refers to Kangxi and Yongzheng dynasties.
Zhao Erxun, Ke Shaowen, etc.
A brief account of the publication of the draft of Qing history
Zhonghua book company
The Draft of Qing History is an unfinished version of the Draft of Qing History compiled by the Qing History Museum established in the early years of the Republic of China. According to the style of feudal "official history" in past dynasties, it is also divided into four parts: discipline, ambition, expression and biography, with a total of 536 volumes. Zhao Erxun is the curator of the Qing History Museum, and Ke Shaowen and others 100 people participated in the compilation. The work started in 19 14 and was basically completed in 1927, which lasted for 14 years. Although this book was compiled after the Revolution of 1911, the editor basically wrote the history of the Qing Dynasty from the standpoint of the Qing Dynasty. Due to the large number of people and insufficient mutual care, the manuscript was not carefully checked and revised after completion, and it was not carefully proofread when it was published. Therefore, the styles are different and the simplification is improper, so that mistakes in years, facts, names and places are often visible. The editor also realized these problems in compiling, so he pointed out in the postscript that this book was only published as a historical manuscript, "It is the predecessor of Dazhui chakra, not a book".
Although there are some mistakes and shortcomings in this book, most of the materials it is based on, such as Records of the Qing Dynasty, Biographies of the History of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Code and some files, can also be seen today, but the editor has collected a large number of materials and made a preliminary arrangement, so that readers can obtain detailed and systematic materials about history of qing dynasty. Moreover, some local chronicles and biographies in the late Qing Dynasty are not based on common historical materials, but on other books. Therefore, this book still has its reference value.
The book, presided over by Yuan, was published in 1928 with a print run of 1 100 copies. Among them, 400 books were shipped from Jinliang to the Northeast for distribution, and these books are called "one-off manuscripts outside the customs". Later, people in the Qing History Museum found that Jin Liang had privately revised the manuscript. They didn't agree with Jin Liang's addition or deletion, so they made some changes to the books stored in Beijing. These books are collectively referred to as "Guan nei Ben". Later, it was printed again in the northeast, and the content was changed. We call it "the second copy outside the customs." The similarities and differences between these three versions are mainly as follows:
First, the whole article is added or deleted. In the original version of Customs, the original biography of Zhang Xun, the attached biographies of Zhang Biao, Kang Youwei and Jin Liang were deleted. Only the eight books in Zhang Biao's attached biography and The Preface to the Princess and the Local Records were deleted from the Second Copy of the Commissioner, and three biographies of Ju and Weng Fanggang were added.
Second, the content of the same article changes. The book inside the customs revised the preface of the first book outside the customs, deleted 64 changeable bibliographies, revised the biography of Lao Naixuan and the biography of Shen, and revised the name of the Qing History Museum. The second edition of Commissioner compressed Zhao Erfeng's biography.
Our work focuses on punctuation and segmentation. The work used is the second copy outside the customs. The contents and contents of the three books are different, and they are all annotated and recorded in different languages for reference. Because the eight-foot logarithmic table is just a general math reference book, it is no longer attached.
Generally speaking, historical mistakes and homonym translations of names, place names, official names and tribal names are unchanged, but are slightly unified in this paper. The Qing dynasty avoided words and wanted to change them back. The insulting words in the names of ethnic minorities have been corrected except for the common names used in the old history. Deviations, mistakes, derivations, inversions, variant characters and archaic characters in historical prose have also been corrected. What's more, due to the wrong arrangement of lines and paragraphs, things are not put properly, and what has been found has also been checked and corrected. However, the original text is unreasonable, or places such as names and places cannot be traced back, and they all remain the same. The catalogue was originally divided into five volumes, and now it is merged. It is no longer divided into volumes, and it is slightly supplemented on the original basis for review.
6. Two years after translating the Draft of Qing History, the French-Vietnamese War broke out. Zhang Shusheng invited Feng Zicai to train and sent envoys to ask for a lift. Just arrived, Feng Zicai was wearing a jacket and barefoot, and the shepherd boy came back with the calf. The messenger explained his purpose, but Feng Zicai declined. Later, I heard that Zhang Shusheng was wise, so I went to Guangzhou. When Zhang Zhidong arrived in Guangzhou, he treated Feng Zicai with courtesy and asked him to command the avant-garde troops to guard Guangdong and Guangxi. A year later, the court ordered Feng Zicai to assist in handling military affairs outside Guangdong. At that time, Su Yuanchun was in charge, and Feng Zicai was often unhappy because of his new promotion. I heard that there were policemen in lang son and rushed to Nanguan Town, but the French army had burned Nanguan Town and then retreated. Longzhou was in a critical situation, and Feng Zicai thought that Guanqian Pass spanned the East-West Ridge, which was very steep. He ordered the construction of a long wall, led his subordinate troops to guard it, and sent Wang Xiaoqi's regular army to stay behind. One day, the enemy claimed to attack the pass. Feng Zicai anticipated that the enemy would arrive ahead of time, so he decided to strike first. Pan Dingxin, stop him. Others don't want to fight. Feng Zicai argued that he personally led an army to attack Yuan Wen and reached the Commissioner for the third time. At night, he approached the enemy's fortress and killed and captured many enemies.
French soldiers attacked in three ways. Feng Zicai said to the soldiers, "If the French army breaks into the pass again, how can we meet the Cantonese elders?" Fight to the death! "Morale is high, the French attack on the long wall is the fiercest, followed by black soldiers, then bandits, guns rumbling and shaking the valley! The bullets piled up more than an inch thick in front of the position. All forces of the Qing army joined forces to defeat the enemy, and the enemy gradually retreated. After a day, they flocked again. Feng Zicai is in the center, behind, on the right and on the left with Chiang Kai-shek. Feng Zicai ordered people to stand still, and those who retreated would be beheaded. Armed with guns, he left the camp and led his two sons, Feng and Feng Xianghua, to battle. Because Feng Zicai is 70 years old, all the soldiers are encouraged to fight to the death. The skirmishers and expatriates outside the customs also came to help, killing dozens of French generals and chasing them for 20 miles before coming back. Two days later, Yuan Wen was conquered again and was rewarded. Guicheng and Changqing were successively recovered, and the beheading soldiers with three paintings and five paintings were captured alive 10, and they chased Lamu to recover all the occupied land.
The Vietnamese people have long been unable to stand the tyranny of the French army. When they heard that General Feng's team had arrived, they all came to meet them and compete for their condolences. Feng Zicai called them together to appease sympathy and decided on a plan to suppress the north. The Vietnamese rushed to build a regiment, under the banner of Feng Zicai's troops, and were willing to be a guide for the Qing soldiers to transport grain. BAC Ninh, Hanoi, Haiyang and Taiyuan competed to respond, and Feng Zicai also resolutely shouldered the heavy responsibility. So he led the whole army to attack Langjia and divided his troops to attack Beining. At this time, the truce arrived. Feng Zicai was angry, well documented, but not approved. He had to send his troops back to China. On the day he left, the Vietnamese people lined up and walked the streets, shouting goodbye, and Feng Zicai couldn't help crying. Entering Longzhou, the soldiers and civilians bowed down together and greeted each other for three miles.
7. Wang Mian studied classical Chinese and translated the original text.
Wang Mian is from Zhuji. When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered Niu to go to school and sneak into the school to listen to the students' endorsements; Listen to yourself and learn from your memory. At dusk, I forgot my cow, and my father angered me. As good as ever. Mother said, "My son is so stupid that he doesn't listen to anything?" Because the crown is gone, I live by the monk temple. At night, I dive out and sit on the Buddha's lap. I will read with the ever-burning lamp. Buddha statues are full of clay figures, which are hideous and outrageous; Guaner, if you don't know.
translate
Wang Mian is from Zhuji County. When he was seven or eight years old, his father told him to herd cattle on the ridge, and he sneaked into the school to listen to the students. After listening, I always remember it silently. When he came home at night, he forgot all the cows he was grazing. Wang Mian's father was furious and gave Wang Mian a good beating. After that, he was still like this. His mother said, "The child is so obsessed with reading, why not let him?" Wang Mian left home and stayed in a temple. At night, he sneaked out and sat on the Buddha's lap, holding a book in his hand. By the light of the ever-burning lamp in front of the Buddha, the sound of reading was read until dawn. Most of the Buddha statues are clay sculptures, all of which are ferocious and frightening. Child as Wang Mian is, he doesn't seem to see it.