① Add fresh garlic.
In garlic producing areas, fresh garlic can be directly used as feed, which is more economical. Mash, chop or use a meat grinder to make garlic paste, and then add it to the powder, but this method is time-consuming and difficult to stir evenly.
It has been reported in China that fresh garlic (without peeling) is mixed with feed main material (generally corn) according to the required amount, and then crushed in a machine for direct use. The method does not affect the crushing effect of effective components, and the addition amount of garlic in feed can be 1%-5%.
② Add garlic (residue) dry powder.
Garlic leftovers or garlic residue after steam oil extraction are dried to make dry powder, and then directly added to feed or added to carrier in proportion to make premix, and then added to feed. The addition amount of garlic (residue) dry powder in feed is 0.2%- 1%.
It is reported that adding 1% garlic residue premix in grass carp mixed culture pond can improve the survival rate of carp by more than 15% and reduce the feed coefficient from 2.98 to 2.28.
③ Allicin extract
Take dried garlic with stalks, mince with a meat grinder, heat and distill, steam the oil-water mixture, and then separate to get light yellow garlic oil, called allicin. Allicin can be directly extracted from fresh garlic or dried garlic. General 1 ton of dried garlic can extract about 3 kg of allicin. 25% allicin is used as general feed for fish, shrimp and crab. If the feed contains antioxidants and preservatives, and the content of rapeseed meal is large, it is necessary to increase the dosage.
Adding allicin to the feed can prevent turtle diseases and improve the growth rate. Someone once used 50% live bait and 50% compound feed as the feed for young turtles, and added 1% allicin to the feed in the first half of each month. After one year, the weight of soft-shelled turtle reached 1.2 kg, while the weight of the group without allicin was 1 kg, which means that the yield could be increased by 20%.
④ chemical synthesis of allicin
Related chemical raw materials are synthesized by chemical methods under certain conditions, and then the carrier is added to make powder. The purity of effective components of allicin synthesized by chemical method is higher than 98%, and on this basis, it can be made into commercial allicin preparations.
The content of common commercial allicin is 15% and 25%. Adding 50- 100g/ ton allicin to the general fish, shrimp and crab feed has obvious curative effect and low price.
⑤ Improved allicin
The extracted or synthesized allicin is treated by special processes such as coating, which makes allicin resistant to high temperature, keeps garlic fragrance for a long time, reduces its garlic flavor, and is easy to add to feed, and its addition amount in feed is 0.65438 0%.
2, as a medicine for preventing and treating fish diseases.
① Oral administration
In order to prevent bacterial gill rot and enteritis, 0.5- 1 kg of fish garlic can be mixed in the feed for 6 days. If the same amount of salt is added at the same time, the curative effect can be improved.
In order to prevent bacterial enteritis, 200 grams of garlic head, 300 grams of Senecio scandens, 200 grams of Sanguisorba officinalis and 200 grams of Agrimonia pilosa were fed every 100 kg of fish every day in the onset season, and the powder was mixed with bait; Or feed 500 grams of garlic and 200 grams of salt mixed bait every day for 3 days, that is, one course of treatment, one or two courses of treatment.
In order to prevent gill rot and enteritis, every 100 kg of fish 10 ml of allicin was mixed with bait and fed for 3 days. Or 100 kg fish is fed with 200 g mixed bait of 10% synthetic allicin every day for 6 days.
To prevent and treat fulminant hemorrhagic disease, 0.25 kg of garlic, 4 kg of Alternanthera philoxeroides and 0.25 kg of salt can be ground and fed with bean cake twice a day for 4 days, with obvious effect.
To prevent hemorrhagic disease of grass carp, every 50 kg of fish can be fed with 5 kg of peanuts, 0.25 kg of salt, 0.25 kg of raw garlic and 0.5 kg of rhubarb, and then mixed with 5- 10 kg of rice flour, bran or duckweed to make medicinal bait, which is effective for 7- 10 days.
To prevent grass carp boils, the grass carp garlic should be peeled and mashed every 100 kg, and then 10 kg of rice bran, 1 kg of flour and 1 kg of salt should be added, stirred evenly and fed once a day for 5 days.
② medicated bath method
To prevent vertical scale disease, 0.25 kg of mashed garlic can be added to every 50 kg of water, and the sick fish can be soaked several times, which has a good therapeutic effect.
To prevent and control carp vertical scale disease, 2-3 ml of allicin can be added to every 20 kg of water to soak and clean the fish, and the effect is remarkable.
In order to control anchovy, fish 1 hour can be soaked with allicin with the concentration of 10-30ppm to kill anchovy.
To prevent and treat uterine nematodiasis, peeled garlic can be mashed to get juice, diluted with 5 times of water and soaked in sick fish for 2 minutes.
(3) the whole pool water splashing method
To prevent and treat enteritis, gill rot and erythroderma, 2.5 kg of Aristolochia, 2.5 kg of Cortex Meliae, 2.5 kg of Polygonum hydropiper, 2.5 kg of Acorus calamus and 2.5 kg of Cinnamomum camphora leaves, 65,438 kg of garlic, 0.5 kg of salt and 0.0 kg of realgar can be used per mu of water surface (water depth 1m).