The characterization methods of materials include XRD characterization of nanoparticles, transmission electron microscopy and spectral analysis of nanoparticles, scanning transmission electron microscopy of nanoparticles, scanning probe microscopy of nanoclusters, spectroscopy of nanomaterials and NMR characterization of self-assembled nanostructures.

Common methods of material characterization

1. micromorphology

The main content of morphology analysis is to analyze the geometric morphology, particle size and particle size distribution of materials, as well as the composition and phase structure of morphological micro-regions.

Morphology analysis methods mainly include scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic force microscope.

As shown in the following figure

2. Phase structure analysis

Commonly used phase analysis methods include X-ray diffraction analysis, laser Raman analysis, Fourier infrared analysis and micro-area electron diffraction analysis.

The specific method is shown in the figure below.

3. Component analysis

Macroelement composition analysis refers to the analysis of macroelement composition and impurity composition, and its methods include atomic absorption, atomic emission ICP, mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and so on. Among them, the first three analysis methods need to dissolve the sample before determination, so they belong to destructive sample analysis methods; X-ray fluorescence and diffraction analysis can directly determine solid samples, so it is also called nondestructive element analysis.