In urban suburbs, industrial and mining areas and places with convenient transportation and sales market, planting potatoes with plastic film mulching can not only make potatoes mature early, go on the market early, increase benefits, but also increase the yield and increase the big potato rate, which can generally increase the yield by 20% ~ 70% and the big potato rate by about 25%. Plastic film potato planting is troublesome, and it is suitable for places with less land and more people, and the planting area is not too large.
(1) Site selection requirements for plastic film potato planting: the terrain is flat and the gentle slope is within 5 ~ 10; The soil layer is deep, reaching more than 50 cm; Loose soil, preferably loam or light sandy loam, has strong fertilizer and water conservation performance; There is water source, which is convenient for irrigation and drainage; A plot with above-average fertility. Steep slope, gravel, sandy land, wasteland and waterlogged depression are not allowed.
Planting potatoes with plastic film requires strict soil preparation. On the basis of deep ploughing for 20 ~ 25 cm and consistent depth, fine harrow the soil to meet the requirements of deep, loose, flat and clean soil. Specifically, the soil should be flat, clean, free from gully and broken soil, free from stones, stubble and sundries, and have good water content. If necessary, irrigation can be used to increase soil moisture before soil preparation.
(2) Fertilizing potatoes planted with pesticides and plastic film mulching is too troublesome for topdressing during the growth period, and it is necessary to apply a base fertilizer before plastic film mulching. Farmhouse manure is the main fertilizer, and more than 4,000 kilograms of farm manure should be applied every 667 square meters (1 mu). Then according to the requirements of formula fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements are supplemented with chemical fertilizers. According to the current level of farmers' fertilization, diammonium phosphate 15 ~ 20k g, urea 8 ~ LO kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 20kg, zinc silicate 1.5 ~ 2kg, ternary compound fertilizer of NPK 15% 30 ~ 40kg or special potato fertilizer 50kg should be applied per mu. In order to control underground pests, carbofuran1.5 ~ 2kg was applied per mu.
There are two ways to apply fertilizer: first, spread farm manure, chemical fertilizer and pesticides evenly on the surface before making the bed, and then rake them into the soil to fully mix the fertilizer, medicine and soil; Secondly, when making the bed, sprinkle farm manure and pesticides in the sowing ditch, sprinkle chemical fertilizer in the fertilizing ditch, and cover it in the soil when making the bed.
(3) Make the bed after making it. The bottom width of the bed surface is 80 cm, the top width is 70 ~ 75 cm, the bed height is 10 ~ 15 cm, and the distance between two beds is 40 cm. One bed plus one ditch is a belt with a bandwidth of1.2m. In the specific operation, the bed-making method of "five plows and one harrow" is adopted, that is, the first plow opens the first ditch at a depth of about 15cm from the ground, and the second ditch is at a distance of 40cm from the center of the first ditch. If you want to spread fertilizer in advance, you should spread farm manure and pesticides to the bottom of the ditch to keep the depth of the ditch at about 12 cm. For those who sow first and then cover the film, sow the bud blocks into the ditch first, with the spacing between plants of 22-25cm. Then, a third plow is opened at 35cm on the other side of the first ditch, and a fourth plow is also opened on the other side of the second ditch, so that the two plows can seal the soil to the first ditch and the second ditch. Finally, a shallow plow (6 cm deep) is opened between the first plow and the second plow (sowing ditch) as the fifth ditch, which is specially used as a fertilizer ditch, and sufficient fertilizer is applied to the ditch to form a bed blank. Then use a rake to find out the fineness, cover the first ditch, the second ditch and the fifth ditch, and tightly hold the bed surface, so that the bed surface is flat, thin and clean, with a slight separation in the middle and a flat ridge shape. The bed shoulder should be flat and the height should be consistent, so as to spray herbicides and cover the film. The first ditch of the next bed is 80 cm from the center of the second ditch of the previous bed, and the second ditch is still 40 cm from the first ditch. And so on, forming a film-covered bed with the width of1.2m.. After the seedlings grow out, they will be in the shape of ridges, with a large row spacing of 80 cm and a small row spacing of 40 cm.
(4) After the herbicide spraying bed is completed, the herbicide that kills weed buds should be sprayed immediately. Experiments show that acetochlor, trifluralin, Toure, etc. It is an effective herbicide. The general dosage is: per 667m2 (1 mu), 90% acetochlor solution130ml, 50% acetochlor solution 130 ~ 200ml and trifluralin solution100 ~. 72% Toure potion is 120 ~ 130ml. The dosage is 30 ~ 40 liters of water, which is sprayed on the bed surface and the bed ditch respectively. If only spouted bed is used, the dosage can be reduced by 1/4.
(5) The plastic film for film mulching and sowing should be ultrathin, with a width of 90 ~ 100 cm and a thickness of 0.005 ~ 0.008 mm, and 4 ~ 5 kg of film should be used for every 667 square meters (1 mu). When laying the film, the film should be tight and close to the ground, and the film at the bedside and bedside should be buried in the soil for about 10 cm. In order to prevent the film from being blown away by the wind, a small ridge can be made every few meters on the bed surface. If you cover the film before sowing, you can start sowing after the temperature in the bed rises for a few days. When sowing, use a small seedling shovel or a special punching tool to break the film, and dig holes in the film bed according to 20 cm lines (that is, 40 cm lines) on both sides of the center line. The holes should not be too large, the hole spacing is 24 ~ 26 cm, the depth is 8 cm, and the depth is consistent. Seed bud
Whole or small potatoes should be tightly covered with wet soil, patted flat and sealed so that the holes will not be exposed to the wind.
Based on the above situation, there are two coherent operation procedures for planting potatoes with plastic film:
The first one is: deep ploughing → ditching → applying chemical fertilizers and pesticides → sowing → sealing ditches and leveling the bed surface → spraying herbicides → spreading film and compacting.
The second type is: deep ploughing → harrowing and soil preparation → ditching → applying chemical fertilizers and pesticides → sealing and leveling the bed surface → spraying herbicides → laying film for compaction → breaking film and digging holes → sowing → sealing film holes with wet soil.
The above two procedures have their own advantages and disadvantages. The first one can increase the sowing depth and explore consistency. Although the soil can not be cultivated in the later stage, it is still beneficial to the production and growth of potatoes because of the deep sowing surface. Its disadvantage is that seedling emergence is slow. The second kind can be planted in water in case of drought, but it is not easy to reach the standard depth and is not consistent.
(6) The first field management is seedling introduction. Seedling raising is the key link of field management, whether it is sowing before mulching or mulching before sowing, seedling raising must be carried out. There are two ways to introduce seedlings. First, cover the soil to lead seedlings, that is, when the potato buds grow to 5-6 cm in the soil, take soil from the border ditch, cover it on the sowing ditch with a thickness of 5-6 cm, pat it into soil stalks along the ridge, and the potato seedlings break the film by jacking force. This can reduce the phenomenon of seedling shortage caused by seedling burning on the film surface. The second is to break the membrane and introduce seedlings. When the seedlings arch the soil, cut a T-shaped hole in the film where they are aimed at the seedlings with a spatula or sharp tool in time, lead the seedlings out of the film, and seal the film hole with wet soil. However, if the soil is covered with plastic film before sowing, it is easy to form hard skin when sowing. If you don't break the soil shell, the seedlings won't pop up easily, so you need to break the soil to lead the seedlings. If the seedlings are not aligned with the membrane holes, they must also be broken when unearthed.
The second is to check the film covering. In the process of growth, we should always check the plastic film coverage. If the plastic film is uncovered by the wind, crushed or trampled by livestock, it should be leveled with soil in time.
The third is spraying. In the late growth stage, as in traditional planting, pesticide should be applied in time to prevent and control late blight.
Fourth, late soil application. If the tuber is exposed in the film due to shallow sowing, it will cause green head and affect the quality. In this regard, we can dig deep from the bed ditch, cultivate it at the root, and beat it strictly to prevent direct sunlight from hitting people, so as to eliminate the phenomenon of green head.
(7) Precautions for children: First, master the sowing date. Plastic film mulching planting is faster than traditional planting, generally about 7 days earlier. Therefore, the sowing time should try to make the seedlings arrive after the late frost. Pay special attention not to broadcast it too early in the north.
Second, when planting with plastic film, it is best to accelerate germination or sow in the field, so that the young buds of seed potatoes can germinate before sowing. This is more conducive to the role of plastic film, so that the output can be improved even more.
Third, the seed potato buds planted with plastic film should be large, preferably 40 ~ 50g/grain. Small whole potatoes can also be sown, which can make a single plant grow vigorously and give full play to the potential of increasing production.
2. Planting raw potatoes for food processing
In recent years, China has introduced foreign potato fried food, which is very popular with consumers. Among them, French potato chips, potato cakes and various brands of potato chips in McDonald's fast food sell well. At the same time, many foreign manufacturers entered China and set up food processing companies with fried potato chips or chips as their main products. French fries and potato chips have some special requirements for raw potatoes, such as French fries, which require raw potatoes to be long and big, with shallow buds, white meat, high dry matter and low reducing sugar. In the United States and Canada, potato varieties such as Burbank and Shapotti are mainly used. Raw potato chips require round, medium size, shallow buds, white or yellow meat, high dry matter and low reducing sugar. Foreign countries mainly use Atlantic, Snowden, Chiput and other potato varieties.
Although China has a large potato planting area and high yield, few of its own varieties meet the requirements of potato chips. Therefore, most of the varieties currently used are imported from abroad.
There must be a good way to grow improved varieties. Special varieties must adopt special production technology to achieve the purpose of planting.
(1) Cultivation techniques of French fries Shapoto is the most suitable potato variety introduced from China in recent years. After many experiments, it is not suitable for planting in double cropping rice area. Its planting technology is as follows:
① Strict land selection and fine soil preparation: This variety likes sandy loam with good drainage and ventilation, so it should be planted in plots with deep soil layer and medium fertility, and should not be waterlogged or depressed. To dig more than 25 cm, rake it in time to make the soil soft, smooth and flat.
② Increase the amount of fertilizer and provide sufficient nutrition: this variety likes fertilizer, and there is enough nutrition in the soil to meet its growth requirements. Generally, more than 3,500 kilograms of farm manure is applied every 667 square meters (1 mu). Avoid using human feces and garbage feces. Fertilizers should be applied according to the formula. Reference quantity: per 667 square meters (1 mu), urea lo kg, diammonium phosphate 20 kg, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate 25 kg, zinc sulfate 4 kg; Or apply 60 kilograms of potato fertilizer per mu. At the same time, apply 2 kilograms of pesticide furacilin per mu.
(3) Deep planting of big buds and appropriate density: only with large nutrient area and space can the growth needs be met, so that the single plant can grow vigorously, the yield is high and the single potato is large. Therefore, the number of plants planted should not be too close. Ridge (row) spacing is 70cm, tree (plant) spacing is 26cm, or ridge spacing is 80cm, tree spacing is 22cm, or ridge spacing is 90cm.
The distance between the rice and the tree is 20 cm. The theoretical number of plants per mu is 3600 ~ 3700. The weight of seed bud block is not less than 50g (1), so that one bud block can grow two effective stems. The sowing depth is LO ~ 12cm.
(4) Cultivate the soil in stages, and cultivate the seeds early and thick: Shapotou sits on the potatoes early, and the tubers grow long and obliquely upward, which is easy to expose the ground and cause green heads. Therefore, early soil cultivation in stages can reduce the damage to roots and stolons. For the first time, soil should be cultivated for 4 ~ 5 cm when 80% seedlings emerge. The second time, when the seedling height is about 20 cm, cultivate the soil for 5 ~ 6 cm. Twice, one * * * can cultivate soil 10 cm, so that the thickness of underground stem from bud block to the base of aboveground stem is about 20 cm, which is very beneficial to grow long and good potatoes.
⑤ Apply pesticide and water to prevent diseases and drought: Shapotou is prone to late blight. Generally, when there is a lot of rain in July in northern China, late blight will be popular. Therefore, in mid-July, you should take medicine as soon as possible to prevent it. Call 1 time every 7 ~ l0 days and call continuously for 3 ~ 4 times, which can greatly reduce its harm. See the relevant part of pest control for specific medication.
Shapoti also has a high demand for water. In case of drought, it will not only affect the yield, but also affect the increase of the proportion of big potatoes and the accumulation of dry matter. Therefore, when the soil moisture content is below 16% at seedling stage, below 17% at initial flowering stage and below 18% at full flowering stage, it should be irrigated in time to ensure its normal growth.
(II) Planting Techniques of Potato Varieties for Potato Chips The planting techniques of potato varieties for potato chips are basically the same as those of potato chips, and there are two points that need special attention:
① Planting density: potato chips are raw potatoes, not too big, but moderate in size. In addition, the potato seedlings of fried varieties should not be too big, and the tubers should be concentrated, which is suitable for close planting. Therefore, the planting density should be appropriately increased. The planting density is 5200-5500 plants per 667 square meters (1 mu), and the ridge spacing is 60 cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm, or the ridge spacing is 70 cm, and the plant spacing is 1 cm.
② Variety selection: At present, foreign varieties such as Atlantic, Snowdrop and Novo Chip are mainly selected. Domestic varieties of potatoes such as Chunshu No.3, Chunshu No.5 and Eugene can also be used to fry potato chips.
3. Rapid propagation technology of virus-free potato ring bud cutting.
Some farmers have introduced the original or first-class varieties of new potato varieties that are very popular in the market, hoping to breed them as soon as possible and use them in production as soon as possible to bring benefits. However, the proliferation coefficient of potato is too low, generally only l0 times, and it is too expensive to buy a large number of original seeds or first-class seeds. The method to solve this contradiction is to apply the round bud cutting and rapid propagation technology. In this way, the proliferation of potato can be increased to 60 ~ 70 times.
(1) Sun-induced germination starts 60 days before the end of late frost, and the method is the same as before. Just sun the buds on the seed potatoes until they change from yellow-green to purple-green.
(2) Build a sunny bed to accelerate the germination while planting potatoes, and choose a place with sunny lee and convenient management to build a field bed. Every 75 kilograms of seed potatoes are built 1 seedbed, with a length of 5 meters, a width of 1.3 meters and a depth of 0.7 meters. In addition, the 1 heel in the same size cold bed will be built to a depth of 0.3m 20-30cm thick raw horse manure or sheep manure will be laid under the seedbed, and the water content will reach 60% after irrigation, and then10cm thick fine screen soil will be laid on the upper part for leveling. No horse manure is put in the cold bed.
(3) Seedling cultivation begins 40 days before the end of late frost, and the germinated seed potatoes are placed on the surface of the seedbed one by one according to the size of potato blocks, with the top facing upwards. After being released, water the seed potatoes until they are impervious. Then, cover the seed potato with a layer of aeolian sand with a thickness of 5-6 cm, build an arched plastic film shed on the frame and flatten it.
Good sealing, so that the ground temperature at the depth of 7 cm within the boundary can be kept at17 ~18' C. Be careful not to make the temperature too high. Use a straw curtain to keep warm at night. After about 20 days, the seed potatoes can emerge.
(4) 4-5 days after sprouting, when the height of the bud is about 4 cm, take out the mother potato, cut off the bud with a sharp knife at a section of adventitious roots in the bud zone, follow it, and put it on the nutrient soil of the cold bed. Then put the mother potato back, water it immediately and let it continue to grow. When the seedling height reaches about 4 cm, cut it again. This can be cut continuously for 3 ~ 5 times. The sprouts cut after the end of late frost can be planted directly in the ground.
(5) After the late frost of transplanting and planting, the seedlings of followers can be planted in the field. The field should be isolated, that is, there are no virus-free potatoes within 200 meters around. In addition, there should be watering conditions and the ground should be fine. When planting, water while planting, and water the slope the next day. Planting density: 2500 plants per 667 square meters (1 mu) in the first crop, 3300 plants per mu in the second crop and 4500 plants per mu in the third crop. Finally, the mother potato can be cut into buds and planted in the ground, with about 5000 plants per mu.
(6) After transplanting, the seedlings grow slowly within 1 month. Therefore, watering, topdressing and intertillage should be done in time to promote its growth. We should cultivate the soil in the bud. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of underground pests in seedling stage, aphids should be controlled in July, and attention should be paid to removing impurities, impurities and diseases. Harvest in time, and only store seeds.
4. Intercropping potatoes.
Because potato is short, precocious, likes to be cold, grows underground and has fibrous roots, it has become a relatively extensive intercropping crops. Can be matched with tall crops to complement light; Can also be used with late-maturing crops, wrong sowing date, shorten the growth period; It can also be used with crops on the ground, without competing for nutritional area and space.
Chinese farmers have used this law in production practice, creating a variety of interplanting forms between potatoes and other crops, which has played a great role in making full use of land, increasing multiple cropping area, increasing yield and output value, and improving economic benefits.
(1) interplanting form of potato residue
① 2: 2 Intercropping: Practical experience in many places shows that 2: 2 interplanting of potato and corn is the most reasonable and successful.
In the northern region, most practices are to sow potatoes and corn at the same time in late April. It belongs to intercropping. Choose early-maturing potato varieties. In the early stage, the growth height of corn and potato was similar, and the light did not affect each other. In the later stage, corn grows taller, and potatoes need growing conditions with large temperature difference. When potato is harvested, it provides a good ventilation and light-transmitting space for corn, which is generally1.8m wide. The distance between two rows of corn is 50 cm, the distance between two rows of potatoes is 60 cm and the distance between potatoes and corn is 35 cm. The plant spacing of corn is 24 cm, with 3,000 plants per mu, and the plant spacing of potato is 22 cm, with 3,370 plants per 667 square meters (1 mu).
In the Central Plains and the eastern coastal areas, two ridges of potato and two ridges of corn are interplanted, that is, 2: 2 interplanting, with a width of 1.6 meters. Two rows of potatoes are 60 cm apart, two rows of corn are 40 cm apart and potatoes and corn are 30 cm apart. In early March, the germinated potatoes were planted with varieties such as Feiwuruita, Zaodabai and Dongnong 303, with a spacing of 25 cm and a yield of 3330 plants per mu. When sowing potatoes, the distance between the second ridge and the third ridge is 1 m, so as to leave ridges for corn. Maize was sown in early April, and varieties such as Zhongdan No.2 and Yudan 13 were selected. The plant spacing is also 25 cm, and the number of plants per unit area is the same as that of potatoes.
(2) Intercropping with large belt spacing; Potato intercropping with large spacing is widely used in single cropping areas in northern China. Potato has four ridges and corn has two ridges. The row height ratio is 4: 2, and the total width of the area is 3 meters. The row spacing of potatoes and corn is 50 cm, with 4 rows of potatoes accounting for 2 meters and 2 rows of corn accounting for 1 meter. The spacing between potato plants is 24 cm, and 3700 potatoes are planted every 667 square meters (1 mu); The spacing between corn plants is 20 cm, and 2,200 plants are planted per mu. Potatoes and corn are sown at the same time.
③ Interplanting winter wheat and spring corn with autumn sowing potato: In the central plains and southwest mountainous areas, it is useful to interplant winter wheat and spring corn with autumn sowing potato. In fact, there are 4 to 5 rows of winter wheat and 2 rows of potatoes, with a width of 2 meters. The distance between two rows of potatoes is 55 cm, the distance between potatoes and wheat ridges is 35 cm, and the distance between wheat ridges is 25 cm. In order to reduce the water contradiction between potato and wheat, potato rows should be made into high ridges (beds) and wheat should be planted below. Potatoes should be early-maturing varieties, with a row spacing of 20 cm, and 3 300 plants should be planted per 667 square meters (1 mu). Potatoes are sown in early August, and winter wheat is sown in early 10 10. After the potatoes are harvested, they are idle in winter, and then two rows of corn are planted on the original potato ridge when the wheat blooms the next year.
(2) Intercropping potato and cotton has developed rapidly in Huanghuai area, which not only ensures the cotton planting area, but also increases farmers' income. Farmers are very welcome to this planting form, and they are full of praise for potato and cotton interplanting, saying that "cotton harvest is big and potatoes are profitable".
① Intercropping one ridge of cotton with two ridges of potatoes: interplanting potato cotton between 2:1~1.2m. Choose early-maturing potato varieties, such as Feiwurita and Zaodabai, and germinate and sow in early March. The distance between two ridges of potato is 50 cm, and the distance between two ridges of potato is 35 cm, which makes the potato form two specifications of 50 cm and 70 cm row spacing. The plant spacing is 22 cm, and 5000 plants are planted every 667 square meters (1 mu). Transplanting cotton seedlings in early April, transplanting and planting in the center of potato ridge in early May, so that the row spacing of cotton is 1.2m ... the plant spacing is about 30cm, and planting 1800 plants per mu. After harvesting potatoes in the middle and late June, the growth space and nutrient area of cotton increased, which was very beneficial to growth. In addition, the interplanting of potato and cotton can also be carried out according to the specifications of bandwidth 1.3 m, and the specific planting specifications.
② Intercropping cotton and potato on two ridges: namely, interplanting potato and cotton at 2: 2. The distance between two ridges of potato is 60 cm, the distance between two ridges of cotton is 40 cm, and the distance between two ridges of cotton is 40 cm, forming a belt with a width of 1.8 m. The plant spacing between potatoes and cotton is 20cm, and 3,700 plants are planted per 667m2 (1 mu). Generally, potatoes should be sown about 30 days earlier than cotton, and cotton should be sown after all potatoes are sown. Row spacing can be adjusted according to potato and cotton varieties.
The other way is to take 1.6 meters wide as the area and interplant 2: 2. Potatoes are sown after germination in early March. First, sow them into two kinds of ridge spacing, the small ridge spacing is 50 cm, the large ridge spacing is 1 10 cm (plastic film can also be covered), and the plant spacing is about 17 cm, with 4800 plants per mu. Sow cotton in mid-April in long-distance potato ridges, 30cm away from potato ridges, 50cm away from cotton rows and 24-30cm away from plants, with 2700-3400 plants per mu.
(3) Intercropping between two heights This refers to the interplanting between potatoes and sweet potatoes. Although they are all crops growing underground, their growth characteristics are different. Potatoes like cold, cold and hot, so they need to be sown and harvested early. But sweet potatoes like temperature, are heat-resistant and freeze-resistant, and need to be planted late. There is basically no shading problem between potato plants standing upright and sweet potato plants creeping. Therefore, in places with long growth period, we can make full use of the opportunity of idle land in early spring and implement interplanting of two high crops to create higher yield and benefit.
After years of practice in various places, the row ratio of interplanting potato and sweet potato is 1: L or 2: 1.
(1) Potatoes and sweet potatoes are planted according to the ratio of 1: 1. Potatoes are planted first, with row spacing of 74 cm and plant spacing of 20 cm, and 4,500 plants are planted every 667 square meters (1 mu). After potato cultivation, sweet potatoes should be planted between rows of potatoes so that all rows are separated by 37 cm. The spacing between sweet potato plants is 33 cm, and 2700 sweet potato plants are planted per mu.
(2) Interplanting potatoes and sweet potatoes in a ratio of 2: L: When preparing soil, first make a big ridge (or ridge) with a width of 40 cm and a height of 15cm according to the row spacing of 1.4m for planting sweet potatoes. Between the two sweet potato ridges, sow two potato ridges, each 40 cm away from the center of the sweet potato ridge and 60 cm apart. The plant spacing is 20cm, and 4700 plants are planted every 667m2 (1 mu). After potato cultivation, the planting time of sweet potato is determined according to the temperature. When planting, the plant spacing is 20 cm, and the plant is planted per mu 1600 plants.
(4) Intercropping potatoes and vegetables In places where vegetables are the main crops, many farmers take advantage of the early maturity and low temperature of potatoes to intercrop with vegetables that like low temperature, so as to make full use of soil fertility and frost-free period. They have created a variety of intercropping forms, planting three, four or even five crops a year, with considerable yield and benefits. Such as interplanting potatoes with climbing melons with long growth period, interplanting with long-stemmed solanaceae vegetables, interplanting with cold-resistant fast-growing leafy vegetables, and interplanting with other vegetables with long cold-resistant growth period.
5. Potato planting in the field
In places with sufficient labor force, less land and small potato planting area, field planting is often used, and some places are called pit planting. In this way, the local soil is loose, moisture is preserved and water is stored, sowing is deeper and the soil layer is thicker. Centralized fertilization, large nutrient area; Reasonable space improves the microenvironment, which is very beneficial to the growth of potatoes above ground and underground. At the same time, sowing with small whole potatoes can not only resist early seedling protection, but also make seedlings grow vigorously and plants flourish with its top advantage, and each combination can form a high-yield population. The yield of single wall can reach l ~ 1.5 kg. At the same time, large potatoes are high in string and good in commodity. The specific planting method is:
(1) Deep ploughing, ploughing and soil conservation in autumn, the depth should be more than 25 cm, ploughing and soil conservation.
(2) According to the reality, the planting density should be reasonably determined according to the fatness of the land, the high yield and maturity of the selected varieties. The principle of grasping is: "Strong geothermal energy is sparse at night, and thin land is dense early." When digging, adjacent ridges should be staggered to form basin legs, which is beneficial to light transmission and soil borrowing. Generally, the row spacing is about 60 cm, the spacing is 50 ~ 55 cm, and 2000 ~ 2200 feet are dug every 667 square meters (1 mu).
(3) Selecting seeds to promote germination. After the variety of healthy potatoes is determined in the field, the pieces should be selected according to the specifications of small-seed potatoes, and each piece weighs 50 ~ 100g( 1 ~ 2), which is in line with the characteristics of the variety. Then, according to the method of accelerating germination, the diseased blocks are removed, so that the seed potatoes planted are all healthy potatoes. This can not only ensure the emergence rate, but also make the plants grow healthily.
(4) Digging and fertilizing, precision sowing, digging a pit with a depth of 25-28 cm and a diameter of 30 cm according to the predetermined row spacing and spacing. After digging, apply the farm manure and chemical fertilizer prepared in advance to the end and mix them evenly with the soil. Put the germinated small seed potatoes into a pot with sowing depth of 10 cm, cover with 15 cm to make the surface look like a small mound, and pat gently with a shovel.
(5) Strengthen management. When the seedling height is about 10cm, weeding and shallow soil cultivation should be combined 1 time. The thickness of the soil is about 3 cm. When the height of seedlings is about 20 cm, and buds appear, the soil is cultivated for the second time with a thickness of 7 ~ 10 cm, so that the bud block is about 25 cm away from the stem base, and the soil-cultivating pile is wider and larger. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and pesticides for controlling late blight and pests can be sprayed at flowering stage.