Benefits:

Anti-inflammatory, cough-relieving, expectorant, detoxifying, and improving eyesight.

Disadvantages:

Eating too much may damage the intestines.

Medical effects of chicken bile:

1. Choleretic effect The important role of animal bile is to promote bile secretion. The main component of chicken bile, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), can also increase bile. and secretion of bile salts. Giving CDCA 150 mg orally to monkeys daily not only increases the secretion of bile and amylates, but also increases the secretion of phospholipids and cholesterol. For rhesus monkeys with normal bile acid pools, it reduces the solubility of cholesterol in bile; giving it to anesthetized dogs Intravenous injection of CDCA into dogs with bile duct disease also increases bile and bile salt secretion. CDCA can relax the Oddi'S sphincter at the end of the porcine bile duct and promote the discharge of bile into the duodenum; using porcine common bile duct specimens with retained Oddi'S sphincter, CpeA has a stronger effect on relaxing the sphincter than cholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and dehydrogenation bile, but not as much as deoxygenated fatty acids. It has also been reported that the bile acid composition in bile changed significantly after oral administration of CDCA. CDCA increased from the normal level of about 40 to more than 80, and bile acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) decreased accordingly. However, deoxycholic acid (UDCA) and Lithocholic acid (LCA) was slightly increased. 2. Gallstone-dissolving effect CDCA is a cholesterol-based gallstone dissolving agent that can change the composition of bile acids in bile, increase bile storage in the body, reduce cholesterol synthesis and secretion in the liver, significantly reduce the concentration of cholesterol in bile, and reduce gallstones. The formation rate is reduced, and at the same time, the cholesterol in the bile is desaturated, so that the formed gallstones gradually dissolve, shrink, and even disappear. In vitro tests, CDCA was incubated with pure cholesterol beads or sterol stones in a buffer to form mixed-mecelles, thereby dissolving the surface of the beads or cholesterol stones. Experiments with monkeys show that CDCA can increase the bile pool, that is, the ratio of (bile acid ten lecithin)/(cholesterol), improve the ability of bile to dissolve cholesterol, reduce cholesterol synthesis, and increase bile secretion. Oral administration of CDCA to patients with cholelithiasis reduces the activity of hepatic β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-COA) reductase, thereby reducing cholesterol synthesis.

3. Effect on the digestive system: Bile can emulsify water-insoluble fat, facilitate the digestion of fat by pancreatic lipase, and promote the digestion of fat digestion products and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, K, E) Absorption, bile acids such as CA and CDCA can also enhance the activity of pancreatic lipase. In the small intestine of mice, chenodeoxycholate can resist spasm caused by choline acetate, with an ID50 of 6.3 × 10-5g/ml, which is stronger than cholate but not as good as deoxycholate and ursodeoxycholate. Colonic perfusion of CDCA in anesthetized dogs can reduce the absorption of water and electrolytes. Oral administration of CDCA to humans can reduce appetite and easily cause diarrhea, leading to weight loss.

Pictures related to chicken bile (6 pictures)

4. Effect on the respiratory system: 37.5ml/kg of chicken bile was administered through the stomach, which significantly relieved coughs in mice caused by ammonia mist. The effect is stronger than that of pig and sheep bile. CDCA, the main component of chicken bile, has a more significant antitussive effect. Chicken bile 50ml/kg was administered by gavage, and the phenol red method test on mice proved that it has a significant expectorant effect, which is stronger than that of sheep and pig bile; the effect of sodium chenodeoxycholate is more significant. Sodium chenodeoxygenate 0.15g/kg can inhibit asthma attacks in guinea pigs caused by histamine spray, indicating that chicken bile has an antiasthmatic effect.

5. Other effects: Dog experiments have shown that CDCA has an antihypertensive effect, which is as effective as hydralazine hydrochloride, but has fewer side effects. CDCA can also slow down the heart rate and reduce serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Subcutaneous injection of sodium chenodeoxygenate into mice has a significant detoxifying effect on strychnine nitrate. Chicken bile has a significant inhibitory effect on B. pertussis in vitro, and its effect is stronger than that of pig and sheep bile. CDCA extracted from chicken bile also has obvious antibacterial effects against Tetradococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Group A Streptococcus, Neisseria Diplococcus, etc. in vitro. Leg acid (CA) is another component of chicken bile, and its pharmacological effects are seen in bovine bile.

6. Pharmacokinetics CDCA is an unconjugated bile acid and is easily absorbed. It is almost completely absorbed when 400 mg is taken orally once on an empty stomach or after drinking; 62 can be cleared through liver metabolism once, and the concentration in blood is very low. It is combined with glycine or taurine in the liver and secreted into the bile, and then participates in the enterohepatic circulation. Part of CDCA can be excreted from the body through the intestines, while a small part is converted into lithocholic acid (LCA) in the intestines, and the latter is excreted after sulfonation. About 40% without sulfonation is absorbed in the terminal ileum and participates in enterohepatic circulation, resulting in a slight increase in LCA in bile. With C14-labeled CDCA, the rat jejunum metabolizes CDCA nine times more than the ileum, so it is possible that the human small intestine metabolizes CDCA. Human studies have shown that CD-CA is mainly converted into LCA and isolithoic acid in the body and excreted in the feces.

7. Toxicity Acute toxicity test, the LD50 of CDCA is 1.005g/kg by oral administration in mice, 961mg/kg by subcutaneous injection in mice; LD50 by oral administration in rats is

2.70 g/kg, the main symptoms include diarrhea and blood in the stool, and autopsy shows bleeding in the pylorus and intestinal wall. Subacute toxicity, CDCA 300mg/kg, 450mg/kg and 600mg/(kg·d), oral administration to rats for 14 weeks, no serious adverse reactions, only the growth of male rats in the high-dose group was slightly inhibited, and the growth of female rats in the medium- and high-dose groups was Elevated transaminases in mice. Monkeys were given CDCA 10-100mg/(ks·d) orally for 1 month. The high-dose group caused diarrhea and slight weight loss, while the blood cell count, blood urea nitrogen, plasma albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate detoxification Hydrogenase (LDH) remained within the normal range, and there were no obvious abnormalities in liver activity. Chronic toxicity: CDCA 40mg/kg, 80mg/kg and 120mg/kg were taken orally daily in rhesus monkeys for 6 months, which all caused liver damage, manifested as bile canalicular epithelial hyperplasia and mononuclear cell infiltration. It has also been reported that the order of toxicity of bile acids to primary cultured rat hepatocytes is CDCAgt; DCAgt; UCDAgt; CA, and its toxicity increases with increasing concentration and prolongation of incubation time. CDCA was used to produce mild cyclic hepatitis in rats. The main symptoms of liver damage were hepatocyte nuclear expansion. Increased concentrations of AST, ALT and alkaline phospholipase could alleviate this liver damage. In the third trial, rhesus monkeys were given intraocular CDCA every day from 21 to 45 days after pregnancy. The starting dose was 120 mg/(kg·d), and then gradually reduced to 90 mg/(kg·d) and 60 mg/(kg·d), and the dissection was performed on 120 days. In fetal monkeys, damage to certain organs can be seen, such as dilation of the central lobular veins of the liver and necrosis of hepatocytes, hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal cortex, dilation of renal blood vessels, and hemorrhage in the interstitial area. Experiments using mutagenized strains of Bacillus typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis on mammalian microsomes showed no mutagenic effect of CDCA. Therefore, it is believed that CDCA has the risk of promoting colon cancer and should be further studied. The toxicity of cholic acid (CA), another component of chicken bile, is shown in bovine bile.

Chicken bile is purchased from livestock and poultry slaughterhouses across the country, and then chenodeoxycholic acid is extracted from the chicken bile, and then converted into the required ursodeoxycholic acid to extract the synthesis rate is 1.