1. Select improved varieties. At present, eggplant varieties suitable for planting in Guangdong are mainly green, disease-resistant, heat-resistant and rain-resistant, with purple skin, white flesh and long strips. Varieties with fruit length of about 30 cm include Hongfeng, Changfeng, Zaofeng, Nongyou Eggplant and Guilin Eggplant. The varieties with fruit length of about 25 cm include Yueqie No.2, Yuefeng and Shijie eggplant. Among them, the red maple fruit grows well and has a uniform and beautiful appearance. Yueqie 2 is a variety with high resistance to bacterial wilt and verticillium wilt. Yue Feng and Shijie red eggplant have deep color and good luster; Guilin eggplant has high yield and strong disease resistance, but its pulp is blue.
2. Land selection and preparation. Seedbeds and planting sites should choose plots of non-solanaceae crops, preferably paddy fields, which should be deeply ploughed and sunny, with a height of more than 30 cm. Wide ridge and furrow mulching, double ridge planting 1.7m, single ridge planting1m. 7- 10 days before sowing, spray 500 times of quintozene or dichlorvos and 800 times of dichlorvos on the seedbed, and cover it with a film for disinfection.
3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied for field planting. Generally, 65,438+0,000-65,438+0,500 kilograms of fully decomposed pig, cow and chicken manure, 80 kilograms of peanut bran, 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 80 kilograms of lime are applied per mu, and they are applied when ditching. 65438+ 0-2 days before sowing, use decomposed farmyard manure and 20 kg compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, and fully mix each mu with topsoil.
4. Sow at the right time. The suitable sowing date of spring eggplant is from late June 65438+ 10 to June 165438+ 10, and the seedling stage is 60-70 days. The suitable sowing period of Kandelia candel is from June to July, and the seedling stage is 25-30 days. In cold areas, anti-season cultivation can be planted in March-April and transplanted in May. Generally, 15-20g seeds are used per mu.
In May, February and March, ventilation is needed during the day, and the shed will be opened after 9 o'clock on sunny days, and it will be as small as Daguan shed at 4 o'clock. At night, strengthen the covering insulation to prevent the temperature in the shed from falling below 10℃. In rainy days, small ventilation can be carried out around noon, not too long or too long, so as to avoid excessive temperature drop in the shed. Water management is mainly based on foliar spraying and root spraying, which can be carried out at noon on sunny days, and this is the best time for plants to absorb nutrients.
Temperature and ventilation management should be carried out in June and April. At noon, the temperature in the shed is gradually higher than the normal temperature of the plant, so ventilation should be strengthened, otherwise it will easily lead to insufficient temperature in the shed, and sufficient fertilizer should be applied and pruned in time. With the gradual increase of temperature, the growth of plants is also gradually accelerated, and nutrients and fertilizers are urgently needed, which can be increased from small to large. At the same time, combined with topdressing, water in time, and keep the soil moist and ventilated after watering to prevent the air humidity in the shed from being too high. Too high will burn the plants. The length of ventilation and air volume can be controlled according to the temperature displayed by the thermometer in the shed.
7. Precautions In terms of water management, attention should be paid to ventilation. First of all, we should control the drainage ditch around the shed to avoid high humidity in the shed, and the shed should be ditched to avoid spraying fertilizer in rainy days. When the outdoor temperature permits at noon, carry out "two low, two small, two high and two long" ventilation: low temperature and small ventilation; Low humidity and little ventilation; High temperature ventilation for a long time; High humidity and long ventilation time. If the temperature in the shed is low and the humidity is high, it should be ventilated for a short time, but the heat preservation in the shed should be closed in time.
Eggplant Spring Festival management needs to prevent pests and diseases and strengthen field management. Pay attention to watering, fertilization, insect prevention and heat preservation.