1. The gene that controls insulin synthesis is eukaryotic, and its structure includes coding region and non-coding region. Non-coding region regulates the expression of coding region, which includes intron and exon.

2. The physiological function of insulin is to regulate carbohydrate metabolism, reduce blood sugar content, promote the synthesis of glycogen from blood sugar, and inhibit the conversion of non-sugar substances into glucose, thus reducing blood sugar content. In the regulation of blood sugar balance, insulin secretion will inhibit glucagon secretion, and the relationship between these two hormones is antagonistic; When people are hungry, the secretion of insulin will decrease.

3. Detection and expression of target gene: Escherichia coli can synthesize insulin by using human insulin gene, indicating that the organism uses a group of codons.

4. Production of insulin: In the past, insulin used to treat diabetes was mainly extracted from animal organs and tissues, and the yield was low, which was not conducive to popularization. Now insulin is produced by fermentation engineering, which not only greatly improves the output, but also reduces the cost.

5. Insulin is a protein hormone secreted by islet β cells under the stimulation of endogenous or exogenous substances such as glucose, lactose, ribose, arginine and glucagon.

Refer to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-Insulin