Non-historical protective old buildings are a concept corresponding to historical protective old buildings. Historical protective old buildings are old buildings protected by indicators, such as the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, Suzhou Ming and Qing private gardens and other famous old buildings. Its value lies in the spiritual and cultural functions such as research and appreciation. These functions do not need to change the original state of the building, but should be honestly and completely preserved. There are many such ancient buildings in our country, which have lost their original material functions, but it is very appropriate to keep the original state intact as a witness of history. The old buildings referred to in this paper are not the above buildings, but general old buildings. They are not protected, but they are still in the safe use period, but they are not in line with the functions of modern buildings. They are a kind of ordinary old buildings between those with historical protection value and those with no reuse value. The manifestations of this general old building are: abandoned industrial workshops (because of their large-span space, many architects like to transform), abandoned docks and railway stations, dilapidated private residential areas and so on. Their fate is either dismantled or transformed. Do you choose to simply tear it down? Or do you choose to keep them, transform their functions after transformation and reuse them? Obviously, the latter is a relatively scientific approach, which is conducive to continuing the urban context and enhancing the sense of closeness of the city; It is beneficial for our city to keep its traces of history and exude its quaint charm. In Europe, there are many successful examples of transforming abandoned industrial areas. In these industrialized countries, many factories and sites in the industrialized era have lost their original production functions, and large industrial zones are facing transformation and revitalization after bidding farewell to their former glory. Ruhr-gebiet, the largest traditional heavy industrial zone in Europe, has experienced such ups and downs and regeneration. The Germans did not take the rust-removing action of demolishing and building, but preserved a large industrial base here. They turned this declining industrial zone into a place with endless charm for creative industries, leisure and artistic activities, which made the industrial waste area endowed with new cultural functions. The old facilities and equipment for producing crude steel half a century ago have been preserved for visit, forming a completely open public leisure area; An abandoned gas storage tank was transformed into a diving training base through structural reinforcement; Huge cement structures were originally used to store coking coal for steelmaking, but now these towering and steep cement walls have been transformed into a rock climbing training ground; There are also many old factories rented to filmmakers as movie scenes; The bathroom in the mining area, which could accommodate hundreds of people to take a shower at the same time, was preserved and transformed into a dance center ... The overall transformation and development of the industrial heritage site in Ruhr-gebiet, Germany, magically transformed this dilapidated large-scale industrial zone into a modern living space with a brand-new concept, setting an outstanding example for all countries in the world and providing valuable experience for success. China people's habitual way of thinking is to get rid of the old and build new ones. Now China is tearing down old buildings and building new projects at the fastest speed in the world. The former dean of Columbia Architecture Institute who participated in the first Beijing Architecture Biennale in 2114 said: China's cities have been expanding at a high speed for 21 years, almost completing the construction history of Europe in the past 111 years, which is not only an opportunity for development, but also a challenge for how to deal with old buildings. What makes people feel a little gratified is that while building a series of new architectural elements such as central business district, high-tech development zone, convention center and science park in Daxing, the old voices and forces are constantly multiplying and growing. In recent years, the reconstruction and reuse of old buildings has become an increasingly important topic in the architectural field. Old buildings have been redefined, given new contents and generated new values, and many excellent works have been recognized and liked. Judging from the current domestic situation, Shanghai should be at the forefront of this trend of thought, and other cities such as Beijing and Shenzhen also have successful examples. Let's take Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzhen as examples to introduce some successful examples of old buildings' renovation and reuse. Shanghai is currently the city with the richest achievements in the renovation of old buildings. Suzhou Creek, Xintiandi, Shanghai Bund No.3 and No.18 have gradually become fashionable areas that everyone talks about. The transformation of shanghai new world and its success are obvious to all, and it has become a fashion for a while. Before the development of Xintiandi project, the area was originally a Shikumen alley building with a history of nearly a century. The transformation of Xintiandi has changed the original living function of Shikumen, creatively endowed it with commercial management functions, and transformed this old house, which reflects Shanghai's history and culture, into a fashionable, leisure, cultural and entertainment center with international-level functions such as catering, shopping and performing arts. (Figure 1) The exterior of the Shikumen complex in Xintiandi retains the brick walls and tiles of that year, while the interior of each building is tailored according to the lifestyle, rhythm and emotional world of modern urbanites in the 21th century, all of which reflect the atmosphere of modern leisure life. Strolling through a new world is like going back in time, like being in Shanghai in the 1921s and 1931s, but stepping into every building is very modern and fashionable. The success of Xintiandi transformation has also set off a wave of old building transformation all over the country. The old industrial buildings along the Suzhou River have also escaped the fate of being eradicated, and here they are alive again. Deng Kunyan was the first person to rebuild the old industrial buildings in Shanghai. In 1998, he selected an old warehouse of 2111m2 located at No.1315 South Suzhou Road and transformed it into his own studio (Figure 2). In the decoration, Deng Kunyan preserved the original appearance of the warehouse as much as possible: the floor and columns were exposed with rough wood grain, and the old white ash on the wall could not cover the cracks in the brick joints. The main work of the transformation is only to remove garbage and clean the environment, and to replace the ventilated small louver window with a transparent floor-to-ceiling glass window. However, the transformed studio looks both quaint and avant-garde. With the arrival of Deng Kunyan, a group of artists who like nostalgia came to Suzhou River, rented warehouses of all sizes and set up their own studios. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 111 studios for painters, architects, designers, advertisers and video artists on both sides of Suzhou Creek, where more than 1111 artists have gathered. Thanks to the efforts of a group of influential cultural figures such as Deng Kunyan, it has become a vibrant cultural communication center. In the practice of rebuilding old buildings in Beijing, the most representative is the 798 Art District. Located in Dashanzi District, Chaoyang District, northeast of Beijing, 798 Art District is the site of the former state-owned 798 Factory and other electronic industries. In the 1951s, it was a key industrial project aided by the Soviet Union and designed and built by East Germany, which witnessed the industrialization of new China. (Figure 3) Some buildings in the 798 plant adopt cast-in-place concrete arch structure, which is a typical Bauhaus-style building and rare in Asia. Since 2112, with a number of artists and cultural institutions moving in and renting and renovating vacant factories in a large scale, an art community integrating art centers, galleries, artists' studios, design companies, advertising companies and bars has gradually taken shape, with frequent artistic and commercial activities such as painting exhibitions, photo exhibitions, experimental dramas, concerts and fashion shows. There is also an interesting scene in the 798 Art District. Because all the factories here have not been relocated, you often see factories on the left side of the road, greasy workers are busy producing, and galleries are on the right side of the road, which forms a huge contrast and is very harmonious. As the center of contemporary art in China, 798 Art District has become an ideal place to observe contemporary art in China at close range, and has been called SOHO in Beijing by foreign media such as The New York Times, which has become a window for the world to understand contemporary cultural phenomena in Beijing. In Shenzhen, the youngest big city in China, there are also successful cases of transformation. An assembled factory building built in 1981s was transformed into OCT Contemporary Art Center under He Xiangning Art Museum. (Figure 4) With the fading of industrial color, this assembled factory building is gradually being left idle. The architectural value of this old factory building lies in its simplicity. In the post-industrial era, it will be demolished and buried at any time. Based on the judgment of the historical value of this area, in order to maintain the development track, historical memory and the sustainable development process of this urban area as an ordinary community, the designer has made a development rule for its future completely out of the conventional sense. OCT contemporary art center came into being. After the redefinition and transformation of the original industrial workshop, the functions have undergone substantial changes and unexpected results have been obtained. At present, the style and features of this transformed factory building are endowed with minimalist architectural features in terms of spatial structure, materials and decoration, which fully combines the purpose and positioning of OCAT. All the above are successful practices. These old buildings, which may have been demolished, have been recognized and recognized at home and abroad after functional transformation and transformation, and have well satisfied a certain lifestyle of modern people. Many cities in China have such old buildings, and they may be about to be or are facing the fate of demolition. We should re-examine these old buildings. After they are redefined, their original values will be re-interpreted and become valuable places to meet the needs of modern life. It not only realizes the transfer of its economic value, but also reflects the continuation of its cultural value; It is both a respect for history and a responsibility for the future. Of course, how to choose plastic unprotected buildings for renovation, how to integrate new elements into old structures and materials, creatively reflect the special aesthetic feeling of the contrast between the old and the new, and how to successfully transform the use functions of old buildings to meet the needs of modern life are still a huge issue. This is also the direction we can study in the future.

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