question 1: how to determine the purchase quantity? The determination of the purchase quantity cannot only rely on the psychological estimation of the purchaser, but also must be based on certain systematic knowledge, and many small shop entrepreneurs who have been carefully considered and calculated by the purchaser will think that purchasing in large quantities is the secret of reducing costs, but this method is not feasible in some industries. The determination of the purchase quantity can not only rely on the psychological estimation of the purchaser, but also must be based on certain system knowledge and various factors carefully considered and calculated by the purchaser. Usually, before purchasing, the purchaser should predict the sales of each commodity in a certain period of time. If the forecast is as detailed as possible, the quantity error in the final sales plan will be very small, thus reducing the inventory burden of the store. For example, if you manage fashion, the popularity of fashion determines the timeliness of sales. Small shop entrepreneurs should pay attention to controlling the appropriate quantity when purchasing goods, and demand quality rather than quantity in terms of color and style. Doing so can not only ensure the characteristics of the store, but also relieve the pressure on funds and inventory. Generally speaking, there are the following methods to confirm the purchase quantity. 1. Purchase according to the validity period of commercial crystal storage. Applicable industry: catering industry. The control of the validity period of food in catering industry is one of the important methods to ensure the quality. Therefore, the storage validity period should not be neglected when purchasing, that is to say, the consumable period of the total amount of purchased goods should not exceed the storage validity period. 2. Purchase applicable industries according to the expected turnover: all types of small shops. The level of turnover directly affects the purchase volume of goods. Therefore, when purchasing, the primary consideration is what business you intend to do, that is, to estimate the turnover, so as to deduce how many raw materials you need to prepare. The calculation elbow can be based on the average value of raw materials consumed per unit turnover, and then the demand for raw materials when the estimated turnover is reached can be calculated. 3. Purchase applicable industries according to the length of supply period: fashion commodity industries. When purchasing, we also need to consider the length of the supplier's delivery period, that is, how long it will take to deliver the goods after accepting the order, and when is the next delivery. Because the arrival time or delivery time of the goods provided by each supplier is different, it is necessary to order enough goods according to the delivery time when purchasing. 4. Purchase applicable industries according to the usage of raw materials: processing industries. The past use of various raw materials in a small shop can also be used as an important reference for procurement. Under normal circumstances, it is very important to use the consumption of the previous period as the basis for the next purchase, and pay attention to the long-term cumulative record of the consumption of various raw materials. 5. Purchasing applicable industries according to regional characteristics: clothing industry. For chain stores, each branch can take the characteristics of the location business circle as the basis for estimation, procurement or management indicators. However, uncontrollable is always there, and many situations are unpredictable. Therefore, a good purchaser must be highly alert to abnormal situations. Check the inventory, usage and purchase of important raw materials daily to determine the normality of frequency. After the abnormal situation occurs, we should try our best to understand the causes, track the consequences and record them as the basis for future reference. 6. Purchase applicable industries according to the inventory results: all types of small shops. Applicable industries: catering industry. When deciding how much quantity to order, the last thing to pay attention to is that the packaging capacity of these goods must be considered and adjusted appropriately. Not all goods are directly led by purchasing personnel, and some goods are limited to professional or other reasons. The store entrepreneurs or warehouse managers should draw up purchase orders according to their requirements and safe inventory, which will be approved by the store entrepreneurs, and finally the purchasing personnel will directly handle the procurement matters. For the catering industry, due to the influence of season, climate, output, price, promotion and other factors, some ingredients really can't apply the formula to calculate the accurate purchase quantity, but generally the best purchase quantity can still be obtained according to the formula. 8. Purchase applicable industries according to seasonal changes: gift industries and holiday industries. The change of seasons and weather will often affect the usage of dishes and raw materials. At the same time, more importantly, these changes are the most important indicators of fresh food supply period, output, quality and price. Purchasing staff need to cooperate closely with sales staff in order to achieve the highest benefit of purchasing. 9. Purchase according to advertising promotion. Applicable industries: all types of small shops. In order to improve operational performance, or enhance competitiveness, or * * * customer consumption, nowadays, small shops pay more and more attention to advertising promotion. Due to the advertisement ... > >

question 2: how to determine the purchasing requirements, quantity and quality of an enterprise? To purchase, we must first determine the purchasing quantity according to the business demand, and if the purchased things are fragile, we must add losses; One-time purchase will affect the efficiency and cost more or less. As for the requirements and quantity, it is more necessary to formulate product specifications with the characteristics of the products you require.

question 3: how to determine the purchase order quantity of goods, is there a specific formula? The determination of order quantity in commodity procurement is the practical experience and working skills accumulated by the person in charge in the long-term work, because the purchased goods should be considered, such as sales demand, procurement cycle (including emergency procurement cycle, that is, the supplier's production and supply capacity), procurement cost, inventory management, capital occupation, etc., which has a certain relationship with the market supply and demand of the purchased goods, the procurement logistics policy of the unit, and the ability to resist risks.

generally speaking, you can count the daily sales volume of goods according to the sales table, know the inventory quantity of the goods to be sold, and determine whether the future sales demand can be met according to the procurement cycle, and whether the current procurement plan can meet the sales demand for several days. In this way, after calculation and prediction, the buyer can be notified to place an order. According to the sales table, we should also pay attention to those products of the company that are sold frequently, those that are sold less, and those that are sold frequently can be purchased more in combination with the procurement cycle and put in the warehouse.

In particular, it is pointed out that the inventory turnover rate is a management performance indicator for both procurement and sales. If enterprises attach importance to this management, they should study the supplier's ability, delivery cycle, emergency substitution and other issues to optimize the efficiency.

as for the formula, I'd better not copy it mechanically to you. No formula can completely solve this kind of problem of individual companies. Just find out the relationship of various factors according to the requirements and demands and summarize it yourself.

question 4: how to confirm the relationship among inventory structure, inventory, sales volume and purchase volume? According to the estimated sales volume, the purchase plan is determined, and the actual purchase volume directly determines the inventory. When selling, you can recommend your own limited inventory to customers, and the continuous sales will affect the continuous change of inventory structure.

question 5: how to calculate the estimated purchase quantity, purchase price and market price? The estimated purchase quantity, budget price and market price should have nothing to do with the previous data. The budget price and market price are calculated according to the initial planned purchase quantity and the budget unit price and the current market unit price. However, there may be some problems in the estimated purchase quantity, budget price and market price in the table, which cannot be checked between them, or there is something wrong with the unit price in the front part of the table.

question 6: what is the legal understanding of the "estimated purchase quantity"? According to the Bidding Law of the People's Republic of China and other relevant laws and regulations, the estimated purchase quantity is not regarded as the commitment of the actual purchase quantity, and the actual purchase quantity is controlled according to the framework bidding allocation ratio.

question 7: how to calculate the order quantity Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), that is, economic order quantity, which is a fixed order quantity model and can be used to determine the quantity of an enterprise's one-time order (outsourcing or self-made). When the enterprise orders according to the economic order batch, the sum of ordering cost and storage cost can be minimized.

The basic formula is: economic order quantity = Squat (2 * annual order quantity * average cost of one order preparation/annual storage cost of each inventory). Note: Squat () function means square root.

Case

A trading company purchases 6,111 units of a product every year at the price of 31 yuan per unit. It costs 1.25 yuan to process orders and organize delivery, and the storage cost per unit is 6 yuan. What is the best ordering policy for this product?

solution:

known: annual order quantity D=6111

average cost of one order preparation: C=125

annual storage cost of each inventory: H=6

substituted into the formula:

q = Squat (2x6111x125/6) = 5111.

question 8: in engineering procurement, the design drawings, actual site conditions and optimization scheme are determined according to the bill of quantities of drawing specifications, which involves actual use, cost and later maintenance.

question 9: what should I do if the quantity of goods purchased is uncertain in the bidding? Based on my working experience as a bid evaluation expert, many bidding units bid under the condition of uncertain quantity, which is the unit price of bidding. The specific quantity will be determined in future contracts, but the unit price must be in accordance with the bid price, and the price cannot be changed.

question 11: how is the economic purchase batch of materials determined? Take a look at the following

economic order quantity (EOQ), which balances the purchase cost and storage cost accounting to achieve the best order quantity with the lowest total inventory cost. Economic order quantity is a kind of fixed order quantity model, which can be used to determine the quantity of an enterprise's one-time order (outsourcing or self-made). When the enterprise orders according to the economic order batch, the sum of ordering cost and storage cost can be minimized.

Catalogue

Introduction

Ordering cost

Storage cost

EOQ extension

Intermittent order batch

Method evaluation

Edit this paragraph introduction

What criteria should be used to determine the ordered quantity when ordering raw materials for the production of certain products? Order

[economic order batch formula]

economic order batch formula

What batch can I buy to get the best investment benefit? Now, there are mature works that can solve this problem. Raymond? In 1931, fairfield wrote a book on economic ordering batch, which proposed more than 151 formulas to solve different situations that may occur. Since the publication of the book, a large number of authors have discussed this topic in detail, but they always warned that it is dangerous to use a package of standards to solve problems when they put forward various examples or methods. The size of economic batch can only be determined by various external factors that affect a particular production situation. This situation often complicates various calculation methods and makes the required mathematical operations more lengthy and difficult. In order to get the best results of these formulas, it is necessary to get the latest information frequently. For companies with a large inventory financial burden, computers can provide valuable help for reserve control. However, people can also establish a simple treatment method, that is, economic batch. This processing method can be adjusted at any time to make it

[order point method]

order point method

suitable for various needs, and this method can be extended to be used in complex situations.

besides the purchase price, there are many other expenses to be paid for purchasing and keeping the reserved materials, mainly including the interest expenses of occupied funds, administrative expenses of ordering materials and other storage expenses, such as depreciation expenses of buildings, rent, local taxes, heating, lighting, mechanical operation equipment, warehouse expenses, staff salaries, aging and obsolescence of stored goods, insurance expenses of buildings and reserved materials and deterioration of reserved materials.

Edit the ordering fee in this paragraph

Study the fees paid for ordering. For a small company, the job of ordering goods is only done by someone, or by the boss of the company. This makes it difficult to include a part of the salary received by this * * * person in the cost of ordering. However, even so, the expenses of stationery, paper and secretarial work paid for ordering should be calculated. In large companies, it is easy to estimate the order cost, because large companies have independent purchasing departments. It is easy for us to share the total management praise of the purchasing department according to the purchase orders issued throughout the year. A weighting method can be used to calculate the cost of an order, that is, based on the total purchase price or the total purchase quantity, the order cost can be calculated by a certain program weighting method. But we should pay great attention to whether this method is applicable to every specific situation. The actual cost of each order is very different, some as low as a few cents, others as high as hundreds of dollars. And the cost of negotiating a huge supply contract may also account for a large part of the order cost.

edit the storage expenses in this paragraph

some categories of expenses change with the change of storage quantity, while other categories of expenses remain unchanged for a long time

[price discount model]

price discount model

, such as rent, local taxes, personnel salaries and depreciation expenses, and are not affected by the total inventory. As for heating, lighting, operating equipment, etc., some of the expenses are fixed and some are variable. The expenditure of insurance premium is generally calculated according to the average inventory, plus some other very different factors. The fixed storage cost constituted by the above-mentioned related items is very large, and this fixed cost plus many smaller variable costs that change with the increase of inventory quantity is the total storage cost. In order to express the relationship between various variable costs, it is common practice to set the storage cost as ... >; >