Xijiang moon walks in the middle of Huangsha Road at night Xin Qiji

The bright moon surprises the magpies, and the breeze chirps cicadas in the middle of the night. The cool night breeze seemed to spread to the distant cicada.

seven or eight stars are out of the sky, and two or three points are in front of the rainy mountain. In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to the stream bridge.

Appreciation 1

This word was written when Xin Qiji lived in Shangrao Lake. Huangsha, or Huangshaling, is located in the west of Shangrao County, Jiangxi Province, with beautiful scenery. The so-called "Xishan is a painting" (Xin Qiji's "Partridge in the Yellow Sand Road"). Xin Qiji has a bookstore nearby and often travels in Huangsha Road. Xin Qiji was a great official in the Southern Song Dynasty, but his heroic and open-minded remarks and decisive and capable style, especially his political proposition of advocating the resumption of the Anti-Japanese War, were envied by his colleagues and hit by the highest ruling class. In the eighth year of Chunxi in Song Xiaozong (1181), he was finally impeached and dismissed from office, returned to his home in Daihu, and lived a retired life. Xin Qiji has always attached importance to agricultural production and sympathized with the sufferings of the people. During his tenure in Hunan, he played "On Thieves' Zazi", pleading for the people, recounting the people's "woe", pointing out the fact that "officials forced the people to rebel" and loudly calling on the court to "care for Yuan Yuan". Before he retired from office and lived in idleness, he said: "Life is diligent, and we should give priority to the field." Therefore, in the name of Jiaxuan, he became a Jiaxuan layman. The long-term leisure life in the countryside has brought him closer to the countryside and established deep feelings with farmers, so that everything in the countryside has aroused his great interest. Therefore, he is very concerned about the sufferings of farmers: "The father and the old argue that the rain is even, and his brow is not as wrinkled as last year. Thank you diligently, but you are in the dust. " ("Huanxisha") He is also very happy that the weather is good and the people are not hungry. In these rural words, Xin Qiji put the peaceful and quiet countryside in opposition to the dirty "city dynasty". "The ancient and modern tombs and valleys are vast, and the city often cultivates mulberry." ("Qing Ping Le Shang Lu Qiao") He was ostracized in officialdom, but he can get temporary comfort and seek spiritual sustenance in the countryside. Just as his friend Lu You said, "It's no better for farmers to have fun than for the city to compete for evil" ("yuechi county Farmers"). It is under this kind of complex emotion that Xin Qiji wrote such lively rural words as "Walking in the Yellow Sand Road at Night on the Xijiang River", and only by contacting the author's life experience and ideological ambition can we more deeply appreciate the beauty of these words.

This poem "Xijiang Moon" is a fragment of the author's night trip to Huangsha Road. On a clear summer night in the south of the Yangtze River, the moonlight shone as bright as day, and the black magpie perched on the branches of green trees thought that the dawn was coming, and jumped up in surprise, jumping from one branch to another, making the branches rustle! When it found that it was wrong, it stopped on another branch. The cool breeze in Xu Lai, the branches swaying gently, and Xia Chan, who was so scared to sleep, sang in the middle of the night. On this intoxicating moonlit night, our poet wandered alone in the Huangsha Road, listening to cicadas chirping and magpies chirping, and smelling the rich fragrance of rice flowers. The proud sons of Shuiguo seemed to understand our poet's joyful mood very well, so they played a cheerful symphony for him. From the chorus of this frog, our poet has heard the news of a bumper harvest. The bright moon, the cool breeze, the surprised magpie, the cicada, the fragrant rice and the frog sound are all refreshing. The poet saw, heard, smelled and felt everything. He was completely immersed in the comfort of the summer night in the south of the Yangtze River, so he couldn't help looking forward to the sky, where only a few sparse stars hung on the blue sky. However, "the weather is unpredictable", not to mention the summer weather in Jiangnan! I don't know when, suddenly a few floating clouds came, and some rain fell like a prank. This sudden shower broke the poet's interest, and he had to hurry to avoid the rain that came at night. I was in a hurry, and I couldn't take care of myself. When the road turned to Xiqiao, I suddenly looked up. Hey! A familiar Maodian appeared at the edge of the Woods of the Earth Temple. This is simply a beautiful, moving and interesting moonlit picture of a mountain village in the south of the Yangtze River in midsummer! It is full of poetry and painting, giving people rich enjoyment of beauty.

What artistic means did the author use to show this moonlit picture of a mountain village in the south of the Yangtze River?

First of all, in the choice of intonation, the author chooses the poem Xijiang Yue, which is easy to express lively and cheerful emotions. "Xijiangyue" is a double-tone word with 51 characters, with two flat rhymes on the upper and lower lines, and each leaf of the sentence is tired of rhyme. The words "cicada", "year", "front" and "edge" in this poem "Xijiangyue" are all in the rhyme of Pingsheng, while the words "pian" and "Jian" at the end of the sentence belong to the same part in the rhyme. In this way, the harmony of the same part of the rhyme can increase the beauty of the words, and these two rhymes are arranged on the upper and lower sentences, and the tone is short and abrupt, which makes the whole word more harmonious and powerful. The number of words in each sentence of Xijiangyue is roughly neat, with six, six, seven and six sentence patterns. The two six-character sentences at the beginning of the upper and lower shovel are easy to be dual. The antithesis of the first two sentences in Xijiang Moon is very stable. What needs to be pointed out here is the interpretation of "Biezhi". As far as I can see, there are roughly three explanations: one is to interpret "farewell" as "leaving", and here are two subtle different explanations. One is that the moonlight "leaves the branches" and the other is that the black magpie "leaves the branches"; The second is to interpret "other branches" as "oblique branches"; The third is to interpret "another branch" as "another branch". I think the third explanation is better. Because the antithesis of "bright moon" is very stable. "Bright Moon" and "Breeze" are both natural sights, so it can be said that the breeze and bright moon don't need a penny to buy; "Surprise magpie" is a verb to "sing cicada", "surprise" and "sing", and they all have the meaning of moving. "Magpie" and "cicada" are all animals that can fly and sing well. "Biezhi" is a noun to "midnight", "Zhi" and "night", and "ban" is used as an adjective here, and "Bie" should also be an adjective. If it is a verb, it is not even with "midnight". Besides, the first two sentences of the word are: "Seven or eight stars are beyond the sky, two or three points are before the rain", and the quantifier is opposite to the quantifier, the noun is opposite to the noun, and the positional word is opposite to the positional word. The antithesis is very neat. How can you imagine that Xin Qiji, who is proficient in Ci-poetry, will have an unpaired phenomenon in the duality of the same word? In fact, the "parting branch" here has the same meaning as the "parting branch" in Fang Gan's poem "Living in Hao's Pavilion" in the Tang Dynasty. Su Shi's poem "The Moonlight Starts the Magpie's Resting" (see two poems "The Second Rhyme Jiang Yingshu" and "The Peony in Hangzhou ……") and Zhou Bangyan's poem "The Moonlight Starts the Magpie's Resting" ("Die Lian Hua Zao Hang") also say that the bright moon makes the Magpie start up and can't settle down, and the artistic conception is the same.

Secondly, the author adopts the expression technique of side contrast and dynamic and static contrast. The bright moon, the breeze, the rice flowers, the star rain, the Maodian and the Xiqiao are all heartless things, while the surprised magpies, cicadas and frogs naturally have no feelings. But the description of these objective scenery can reflect the author's thoughts and feelings. For the author in Huangsha Road at night, everything he sees, hears, smells, touches and feels is refreshing and inspiring. The center of the whole word is "talking about abundant years", and it focuses on the author's cheerful mood caused by abundant years. The first part of the word focuses on the rendering of "face", with one or two sentences moving in silence, while focusing on the description of static environment, the magpie is surprised and the cicada is singing, which increasingly shows the quiet environment; Three, four sentences are mixed with movement, and the emphasis is on the movement, the frog sound and the rice fragrance, all in order to highlight the word "good harvest". Shang Kun's rendering of "noodles" has formed a cheerful and joyful atmosphere. The second part of the word focuses on the description of "point" The author chose a dramatic close-up on the way at night, just like throwing a stone on a calm lake, which stirred up ripples. This funny little episode made the whole word full of emotion. The first and third sentences of the word are static, while the second and fourth sentences are dynamic, while the "42" sentence pattern in the first and second sentences is brisk and ups and downs, and the word "turn" and "suddenly" in the last sentence makes the author's happy mood jump from the page. It rained at night, but it didn't upset and disappoint the author. On the contrary, it increased the interest of the poet. Some comrades think that "seven or eight stars beyond the sky" means "writing the secrets of clouds", but only seven or eight stars are revealed from the clouds. But judging from the whole word, this explanation lacks emotion. This sentence is in line with the first sentence of the word, and it is the real scene of "the moon stars are scarce". Huang Zunxian's poem "Going Early": "The East wants to be bright and not bright, and the Beidou has three points and two stars." That's what I wrote. If the clouds are thick and dense, then the brewing time will be long, and only seven or eight stars can be revealed, then the moon will be dim, so the author must be prepared for rain in his mind, which is not commensurate with the carefree and comfortable state of mind described by Shang Kun. Besides, the author often travels in the Huangsha Road and is very familiar with the scenery along the way. If he is prepared early, the word "suddenly" in the sentence will be nowhere to be found. In midsummer, the weather is changeable. Just now, there were few stars in the moon, and the breeze was slow. Unexpectedly, a few dark clouds flew in an instant, and then "two or three raindrops" were sown. The author was caught off guard and hurried to hide from the rain without thinking. Only when the road turned to the stream bridge, did "Old Maoju" suddenly appear in front of him. The word "suddenly" is very vivid here. So I say it's "raining at night" and it's a shower in midsummer. If it is a rainy day, it will be a bit of a spoil the fun, and it is not harmonious with the lively mood of the whole word. In the Five Dynasties, Lu Yanrang wrote a poem in Songsi: "Two or three pieces of electricity want to rain, and seven or eight stars are still in the sky." Tang Li Shanfu's poem "Cold Food" also says: "Sometimes it rains at three or two, and there are ten branches and five flowers everywhere." Xin Qiji was obviously influenced by them in his diction, but it can't be concluded that "seven or eight stars" were caused by "the density of clouds".

Thirdly, the whole word is clear and flexible, in order to better express the lively mood. Xin Ci is easy to use and discuss, but this little word, the author does not use allusion, and does not discuss. Instead, he uses the method of drawing lines to describe what he has seen, heard and felt truthfully, which is fresh, lively and colorful, showing the author's love for rural life and making people feel very cordial and natural when reading it. It should be said that lyrical small words describing rural scenery like Xin Qiji's "Xijiang Moon" are rare in the whole classical poetry. (Zhang Zhonggang)

Appreciation II

The original title of "Xijiang Moon" is "Walking in the Yellow Sand Road at Night", which records the scenery the author saw and the emotions he felt when walking in the countryside at night. After reading the first half, you must feel the excitement in silence. The word "don't" in the sentence "The bright moon leaves the branches to surprise the magpie" is a verb, that is to say, the moon sets, leaves the branches and wakes up the black magpie on the branches. This sentence is a very detailed realism, and only those who have seen this scene in the middle of the night understand the beauty of this poem. Black magpies are extremely sensitive to light, and they will wake up during the solar eclipse, flying around and crying, and so will the moon set. In fact, this sentence means "the moon is falling and crying" (a night-mooring near maple bridge by Tang Zhangji), but it is more vivid than "the moon is falling and crying". The key lies in the word "don't", which implies that magpies and branches are reluctant to part with the bright moon. Magpies often crow when they are surprised. If you don't crow here, you can see yourself. Literally, you can also avoid the result of piling up with "singing cicadas". The phrase "rice flowers" means that the season is in summer. These two sentences have the most vivid and profound impression in the whole poem, which brings the lively atmosphere and happy mood in the rural summer night to life. This can be said to be a typical environment. Each of these four sentences has a sound (the sound of magpies, cicadas, human voices and frogs), but each sentence also has a quiet night. These two flavors are reflected in the feeling of the night walker, and his mood is very happy. The situation in the second half has changed a little. The rare stars in the sky indicate that time has progressed, and it is clearly midnight, and it is almost dawn. Rain in front of the mountain is a threat to night walkers. This is a flat wave, so you can imagine the anxiety of night walkers. With this wave, the closing sentence is more powerful. "In the old days, when the road turned to the stream bridge, I suddenly saw it" is an inverted sentence, which shows the surprise of "suddenly seeing it". I was worried about the rain, and I walked across the stream bridge. When the road turned, I suddenly saw the thatched shop where she had rested before. At this time, the happiness can be compared with what the two poems say, "There is no way to recover the doubts, and there is another village" (Lu You's "Traveling to Shanxi Village"). The original title of the poem is "Walking in the Yellow Sand Road at Night". The first six of the first eight sentences are all about scenery, and only the last two sentences show that someone is walking at night. These two sentences have played a role in reflecting the whole song, so each sentence is written at night. Hide the front first, and hit the nail on the head at the end, and the ending will be the finishing touch. This skill is worth learning.

this word has a vivid and concrete atmosphere (usually called scenery), expressing a kind of intimacy and interest (usually referred to as affection for short). The whole of this scene blending is an artistic image. The power and weakness of the image of art lies not in the number of plots used, but in whether those plots are typical and can be used as a stronghold of analogy, stretching all around and reaching into the deepest place of real life. If this can be done, it will be endless. When we say that China's poems are refined in language, we mean this broad representativeness and rich suggestibility. (Zhu Guangqian)