sympathy, my family doesn't have it either. I have collected some, but please copy them.

Yuanmingyuan, located in Haidian District, Beijing, is a group of large royal gardens in the Qing Dynasty. It consists of Yuanmingyuan and its attached gardens, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden (later renamed Wanchun Garden), which are collectively called "Yuanming Three Gardens". Yuanmingyuan, with its grand scale, various gardening techniques and various garden styles, is the pinnacle of China's garden art history and has the reputation of "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". Originally, it was a large royal garden in Qing Dynasty, covering an area of about 5,211 mu. In 1861, Yuanmingyuan was burned down by the British and French allied forces in the Second Opium War, and now only the ruins are left.

[2] Yuanmingyuan, located in Haidian District, Beijing, is a group of large royal gardens in the Qing Dynasty. Yuanmingyuan and its attached gardens are Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden (later renamed Wanchun Garden). The composition is collectively called "Yuanming Three Gardens". In addition, there are many small gardens in the east, west and south of Yuanmingyuan, surrounded by stars and moons. Yuanmingyuan, with its grand scale, various gardening techniques and various garden styles, is the pinnacle of China's garden art history. Because the emperors of the Qing Dynasty came here every summer to escape the heat and listen to politics to handle military and political affairs, it was also called "Summer Palace". [4]

The most famous in Yuanmingyuan is the bronze statue of the animal head of the zodiac.

The bronze statue of the animal head of the Lunar New Year in Yuanmingyuan is also known as the animal head of Yuanmingyuan, the bronze animal head of Yuanmingyuan and the bronze animal head of Yuanmingyuan. It is a part of the fountain in front of Haiyan Hall in Yuanmingyuan, the former royal garden of the Qing Dynasty in China. It was designed by Italian court painter Lang Shining, and made by Frenchman Michel Benoist and court craftsman Jian Xiuqing. In 1861, the animal heads of the zodiac animals were plundered by the British and French allied forces and then scattered around. Among them, the mouse head and rabbit head were collected by the French. In April 2113, the French Pino family announced the return of the bronze heads of cattle, monkeys, tigers, pigs and horses. The whereabouts of the dragon heads, snake heads, sheep heads, chicken heads and dog heads collected by China in Poly Art Museum are unknown.

12 Zodiac Animal Head is the first choice for human beings and animals. Refined red copper has not rusted for a hundred years. In the middle of the 8th century, Emperor Qianlong built a luxurious western garden in a narrow strip to the east of Yuanmingyuan. The Italian court painter Lang Shining was the designer. He designed Yuanmingyuan and recommended the French priest Michel Benoist to build a human fountain in the center of the garden. Every 24 hours a day, 12 Chinese zodiac animals sprayed water in turn every two hours, commonly known as the "hydraulic clock".

The image of the Chinese Zodiac was originally on the 12 stone platform on the north and south banks of the fan-shaped pool spray platform in front of Haiyan Hall of the Western Building in Yuanmingyuan. On the south bank, there are Zishu, Yinhu, Chenlong, Wuma, Shenhou and Chigou, while on the north bank, there are Ugly Cow, Maotu, Sishe, Weiyang, Youyou Chicken and Haizhu. These portraits are all animal heads, with copper heads and stone hollow bodies connected with water spray pipes. Every other hour for two hours, the Zodiac image representing that hour will spray water from the mouth, and at noon, the fountain will gush from the mouth of the Zodiac image at the same time, which is a spectacle.

these bronze zodiac statues are 521 cm high and finely carved, which are among the finest bronzes of the Qing dynasty.

Changchun Garden

Changchun Garden is located in the east of Yuanmingyuan in Beijing. It was built around the tenth year of Yongzheng in 1714. This place was originally the former address of the Pearl of Emperor Kangxi from Yiyuan Garden, which has a good garden foundation. Two years later, the scenery of the middle and west roads in the park was basically formed. In 1745, in the sixteenth year of Qianlong, the general manager of the garden was officially set up. In the west, the western building scenic spot was built in the northern part of Qianyuan Garden, and in 1767 -1773 (from 31 to 37 years of Qianlong), the scenic spots on the east road were built intensively.

The former garden landscape of Changchun Garden was only painted by a court painter during the Qianlong period, but its whereabouts were unknown after the British and French allied forces burned the garden in 1861. From February, 1992, the mountainous water system of Changchun Garden was completely renovated, and it was completed and discharged in September, 1994. Changchun Garden is not a simple expansion and internal addition of Yuanmingyuan, but a new garden with an area of about 1,111 mu on the east side of Yuanmingyuan. Different from the Yuanmingyuan Garden, Changchun Garden is a work carefully planned and designed in advance, and it is a garden masterpiece made by Emperor Qianlong. After the completion of "Ode to Forty Scenes of Yuanmingyuan", Emperor Qianlong's enthusiasm for architecture temporarily subsided. However, after less than a year, his enthusiasm for gardening was renewed. This time, according to Emperor Qianlong's own statement, he wanted to build himself a banquet house after his abdication, even though he was only a young man of thirty-four. Therefore, retirement and leisure have become the biggest theme of Changchun Garden. It may be said that Changchun Garden is an elderly activity center built by Emperor Qianlong himself.

Wanchun Garden

Qichun Garden was completed in the middle of Qianlong period, and the main construction work was completed in Jiaqing period, and Wanchun Garden was summarized as "Thirty Scenes of Wanchun Garden". After the early years of Daoguang, it mainly became the garden residence of the Empress Dowager of the Qing Dynasty. In the early days, Qichun Garden was named Jiaohui Garden by Yunxiang, the Prince of Qingyi. In the middle of Qianlong period, the garden was renamed "Spring and Garden" by Fu Heng, a university student. During the Jiaqing dynasty, many small parks on the west side of Qichun Garden were merged into it to be repaired and built. At this time, Qichun Garden reached its full scale, which could not be compared with Yuanmingyuan and Changchun Garden in terms of quality and scale.

Qichun Garden is located in the southeast of Yuanmingyuan. It was originally called Chunhe Garden during the Qianlong period. In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong, several small gardens in the southeast of Yuanmingyuan were expanded into Qichun Garden in 1772. In 1871, in the 14th year of Jiaqing, the western small garden was expanded and merged into a bamboo garden, a garden with splendor, Xishuang village and Chunhe garden. Qichun Garden covers an area of 54.3 hectares, which is slightly smaller than Changchun Garden. After Daoguang period, Qichun Garden was mainly used as the residence of Empress Dowager and Taifei.

After the Yuanmingyuan was destroyed, during the Tongzhi period, when the Yuanmingyuan was to be rebuilt, it was planned to overhaul Qichun Garden and change its name to Wanchun Garden, but it was abandoned due to financial constraints. Later generations often refer to Qichun Garden as Wanchun Garden, but Wanchun Garden was named only for reconstruction and never really appeared.

the destruction of Yuanmingyuan

On October 5-7, 1861, British and French troops arrived at the gates of Beijing. According to the information provided by Russian diplomat Ignatiev, the defenders of the Qing Dynasty are concentrated in the east and north of the city, which is the weakest place. We should first capture and hear that the Qing emperor of China is in the Yuanmingyuan in the northwest suburb. So the British and French allied forces bypassed Andingmen and Deshengmen to invade Yuanmingyuan and ransacked it, creating a "burning Yuanmingyuan" incident that shocked China and foreign countries.

The first to break into Yuanmingyuan was the French invaders. When they saw everything, they robbed every French soldier of treasures worth 31,111 to 41,111 francs. They entered empty-handed and returned loaded. Rare clocks, colorful silks and satins and precious works of art are piled up in French military camps, with a value of 31 million francs. Although the British invaders came a little late, their pockets were full of gold and silver. Even worse, they smashed the big porcelain and enamel bottles that could not be moved.

After the British and French invaders looted the Yuanmingyuan, in order to cover up the crime, the British Minister of Plenipotentiary Erkin, with the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, ordered the Yuanmingyuan to be burned. Large-scale burning * * * twice. The first time was from October 6 to 17, mainly burning Yuanmingyuan. The fire burned for three days and nights, which turned the world famous garden into a scorched earth. This catastrophe was described and attacked by Hugo, a famous French writer. One day, two robbers broke into the Summer Palace, one robbed and the other set fire to it. Victory can be a robber.

The destruction of Yuanmingyuan is an inestimable loss in the cultural history of the motherland! It is an inestimable loss in the history of world culture!

Basic overview

Yuanmingyuan is a group of large-scale royal gardens in the Qing Dynasty, located in Haidian District, Beijing. It is composed of Yuanmingyuan and its attached gardens, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden, and later renamed Wanchun Garden, which are collectively called "Yuanming Three Gardens". Yuanmingyuan, with its grand scale, used various gardening techniques and integrated various garden styles, which is the pinnacle of China's garden art history. In 1861, Yuanmingyuan was burned by British and French allied forces in the Second Opium War, and now only the remains are left.

main features

The landscape of Yuanmingyuan is mostly based on water, and many of them directly absorb the interest of famous waterscapes in the south of the Yangtze River. The nine islands built around the Houhu Lake in Yuanmingyuan Scenic Area are the symbol of "Nine continents" in Yugong, a national territory. The small gardens or scenic groups built on each island have their own characteristics and borrow from each other to form a landscape. The upper and lower skylight on the north shore is quite a victory to climb Yueyang Tower and have a look at Dongting Lake. "Hanging down the rainbow and driving the lake, climbing a hundred feet to repair the fence, the wings are wide pavilions. The reflection of the tattoo overlooks a blue sky between the lintels. " The magnanimity of the west bank resembles the fish watching in Yuquan, Hangzhou, commonly known as the Golden Fish Pond, which has laid down thousands of brocade scales for the fish country pond. Wanfang Anhe House in the west of Yuanmingyuan was built in the lake in the shape of swastika, warm in winter and cool in summer, looking at the exotic flowers on the other side. Yongzheng emperor likes living here. In the northern part of Yuanmingyuan, Shui Mu Minser used the water method of Taixi River to draw water into the room and turn the fan. "The wind group in the forest rustles and streams makes the birds sing." Emperor Qianlong likes to spend the summer here. Haiyue Kaijin in the West Lake of Changchun Garden has a three-story temple on the circular platform of Bai Yushi, which looks like a mirage from a distance.

Penglai Yaotai in Fuhai is based on the mythical Penglai Fairy Island, formerly known as Penglai Island. According to legend, Qin Shihuang once sent a man named Xu Fu to lead thousands of boys and girls to the east to find a fairyland for him and ask for fairy medicine to make the enterprise live forever. Of course, this can only be "a seafaring visitor will talk about Japan which waters and mists conceal beyond approach". Yongzheng emperor, on the other hand, asked craftsmen to build three islands with rugged boulders in the East Lake of Yuanmingyuan, symbolizing the legendary Penglai, Yingyuanmingyuan Island and the abbot's "Sanxian Mountain" island, where there are halls and pavilions to enjoy the platform. Jade Building 12 "and named the East Lake" Fuhai "according to the meaning of" Xu Fuhai strives for the best ". There are also more than ten beautiful gardens on the four banks of Fuhai. Fuhai is five or six hundred meters wide from east to west and from north to south, and about 35 hectares of small water around it is equivalent to the water surface of Beihai Park. The water here is open and the scenery is beautiful. Every time during the Dragon Boat Festival, a large-scale dragon boat race is held here. On the night of July 15th, the Qing emperor watched the river lanterns here. After freezing in winter, the emperor took an ice bed to enjoy a tour in Fuhai. Fuhai is actually the water entertainment center of Yuanmingyuan.

another notable feature of Yuanmingyuan is that many famous gardens in all parts of the country, especially in the south of the Yangtze River, have been imitated. Emperor Hongli of Qianlong visited Jiangsu and Zhejiang six times in the south and Wutai in the west and Daiyue in the east, and visited Rehe, Shengjing, namely Shenyang and Panshan. Every time he goes to a place, all the famous mountains and rivers and famous gardens he likes will be copied by the accompanying painters and built in the park after returning to Beijing. According to incomplete statistics, there are no fewer than forty or fifty direct copies of the landscape of Yuanmingyuan. The Ten Scenes of West Lake in Hangzhou are all copied in the park without changing the name. As the saying goes, the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is beautiful and shrinking in your arms.

After Emperor Qianlong's southern tour, four famous gardens in the south of the Yangtze River were successively built in Yuanmingyuan. One of them is An Lan Garden in the northwest of Fuhai. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong's southern tour, Chen's Corner Garden in Haining was used as the pavilion and named "An Lan Garden". Emperor Qianlong liked the wonderful structure of the garden very much. After returning to Beijing, he rebuilt and added it around Siyi Bookstore in Yuanmingyuan. After the garden was completed, it was also named "An Lan Garden". At that time, three other famous gardens were all built in Changchun Garden. One is the Xiaoyoutian Garden built in the East Courtyard of Siyongzhai in the 23rd year of Qianlong, the other is the Ruyuan built in the 32nd year of Qianlong after Jiangning, that is, Nanjing Zhanyuan, and the other is the Lion Forest built in the 37th year of Qianlong after Suzhou's famous garden. Ruyuan and Lion Forest have more than 16 scenic spots respectively. The west peak of Yuanmingyuan is the place where Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong hold a wonderful Qixi feast on the seventh day of July. Here, you can borrow the scenery of Xishan Mountain. On the west bank of the river, there is a group of overlapping mountains, pine mountains and steep mountains, among which waterfalls flow rapidly. In this close look, it looks like the majestic momentum of Lushan Mountain and is named "Little Kuanglu". Sitting on the stone stream is imitated from Lanting in Shanyin, Huiji, Shaoxing. Built in Yongzheng dynasty, commonly known as Liubei Pavilion. Scholars such as Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty once celebrated the ritual activities of writing poems and repairing wedges in the winding water of Lanting in Huiji on March 3rd, 9th, Yu Yonghe. This Lanting in Yuanmingyuan has a three-bay, double-eaved pavilion in a steep series of shock waves in the stream. In the forty-four years of Qianlong, we collected six "Preface to Lanting" posts by famous calligraphers of past dynasties, and together with the handwriting of Yu Min, a great scholar, and Emperor Qianlong himself, we made a "Lanting Eight-Column Book". Emperor Qianlong asked the pavilion to be converted into eight directions and replaced with stone pillars, each engraved with a post. This is the famous Eight Columns of Lanting in Yuanmingyuan. Archduke Kuo Ran later also called Shuanghezhai, which was built in imitation of Jichang Garden in Huishan, Wuxi. The northern part of this scene is modeled after the rocks and stones of Yunlin Stone Room in Panshan Jingji Mountain Villa in the middle of Qianlong. Jiaqing's poem praised the structure of "Shuanghezhai", which was deeply imitated by Huishan famous garden. The winding path is steep, the pine is loose, the small hole is rugged and the stone is not stubborn. People know that the humorous garden of the Summer Palace was built in imitation of Huishan Jichang Garden. In fact, there was also a Jichang Garden in Yuanmingyuan at that time. It's just that the artistic conception of the two imitations has its own merits. Spring scenery in Wuling describes the artistic conception of Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden. Built in the Yongzheng dynasty at the end of Kangxi, it was called Taohuawu. The local library where Hongli studied was called "Leshan Hall". This scene claims to have ten thousand mountain peaches. An old Taohuawu in Suzhou Changmen is said to be the former residence of Tang Bohu. Although the Taohuawu in Yuanmingyuan uses its name, the Sheng Yuan of Peach Blossoms is not comparable to that of Wu Xia.

The Yuanming Three Gardens * * * has more than 111 gardens and scenic buildings, which are usually called 111 scenic spots. A collection of halls, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, halls, corridors and other garden buildings * * * is about 1.6 million square meters. It is 11,111 square meters more than the total building area of the Forbidden City. The buildings in the park not only absorb the advantages of the palace-style buildings of past dynasties, but also break through the constraints of official norms in plane configuration, appearance and group combination, and adopt a wide range of forms. We have created many architectural forms that are extremely rare in the south and north of China, such as Zixuan, Meiyue Xuan, Tianzi Temple, as well as fan-shaped, bow-shaped, round mirror-shaped, I-shaped, mountain-shaped, cross-shaped, square-shaped, book-shaped and so on. In addition, in the layout of the garden, the various scenes in the garden are intertwined to form a colorful, natural and harmonious overall beauty. Wang Zhicheng, a French missionary, once had an image description. He said that the architectural form of Yuanmingyuan changed a lot and was uneven. Each of its small palaces seems to be made according to a strange model, which seems to be arranged at random, and none of them is the same as the others. Everything is so interesting that people can't appreciate the scenery at a glance. They must study it carefully bit by bit.

The temple gardens in Yuanmingyuan are also a reflection of the ancient culture of China. An You Gong Hong Ci Yong Zuo was built according to the old practice of Jingshan Shouhuang Hall. The "Imperial Imperial Imperial Palace" dedicated to Kangxi and yongzheng emperor is the royal ancestral temple in the park. The Palace has nine main ridges and double eaves, and the roof is covered with yellow glazed tiles, which is the largest building in the garden. Surrounded by Qiao Song Yan Gai, there are two pairs of Chinese watches at the southern end of the central axis, giving people a sense of solemnity. The scenic spot of the square pot is located on the bank of the northeast bay of Fuhai, which was built according to the imaginary fairy mountain Qiongge. According to historical records, there are more than 2,211 Buddha statues and more than 31 pagodas here. The front base of this building is made of white marble and extends into the water in a "mountain" shape. The whole building is huge and magnificent. Whenever the mist begins in the morning, the building is hidden in the smoke, just like the Qiongge Yaotai. The style and momentum of this building are rare among existing garden buildings in China. The Acropolis is a typical Buddhist building. It is said that it is modeled after the layout of the capital of the ancient Indian bridge Salo country. There are 326 temples and houses in the city. Since Kangxi, the Buddha statues presented by the emperor, the empress dowager and the princes have been stored here. Among them, there are hundreds of thousands of pure gold, silver-plated, jade carving and bronze sculpture year after year. The loss caused by the looting and burning of Yuanmingyuan alone, whether it is economic value or cultural and artistic value, is hard to estimate by numbers.

Tourist attractions

Dagongmen

There are five rooms in front of the south gate of Dagongmen * *, and there are five rooms in the east and five rooms in the west of the large platform, and there are other songs behind them.