Zhan Tianyou (1861April 26, 2009–1965438+24), English name Jene Tien Yow, from Nanhai, Guangdong, originally from Wuyuan, Jiangxi. He is the first railway engineer in China, responsible for the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and other projects. Zhan Tianyou was born in 186 1 (the 11th year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty) to an ordinary family of tea merchants. Zhan Tianyou, a teenager, is very interested in machines, and often makes various machine models with the children in the neighborhood. Sometimes, he will secretly take apart the bells at home, fiddle with the components inside and ask questions that even adults can't answer. From 65438 to 0872, Zhan Tianyou, who was only 12 years old, went to Hongkong to sign up for the preparatory class for young children going abroad organized by the Qing government. After passing the exam, my father drew a note on a certificate of going abroad, which said, "If there is illness, life and death, everyone will live in peace." After that, he left his parents and came to the United States to study with the ideal of learning western "skills". In the United States, students in preparatory classes abroad witnessed the great achievements of science and technology in North America and Western Europe and marveled at the rapid development of machinery, trains, ships and telecommunications manufacturing. Some students are pessimistic about the future of China, but Zhan Tianyou firmly said, "In the future, there will be trains and ships in China." With the belief of studying hard for the prosperity of the motherland, he studied hard and graduated from New Haven with 1877. In May of the same year, he was admitted to the Department of Civil Engineering of Yale University, majoring in railway engineering. After four years in college, Zhan Tianyou studied hard, ranking first in the graduation examination with excellent results. 188 1 year, of the 120 overseas students who returned from China, only two got their degrees, and Zhan Tianyou was one of them. After returning to China, Zhan Tianyou enthusiastically prepared to contribute his knowledge to the railway industry of the motherland. However, the officials of the Westernization School of the Qing government were superstitious about foreign countries, and they relied on foreigners blindly when building railways, regardless of Zhan Tianyou's professional expertise, and sent him to Fujian Naval Academy to learn to drive seagoing ships. 1882 1 1 was sent to the flagship "Wu Yang" as a driving officer to direct the drill. 1883, the Sino-French war broke out. In the second year, the long-planned French fleet entered the Minjiang River in succession, ready to go. However, He Zhangru, the shipping minister of the surrendering faction in charge of Fujian Navy, turned a deaf ear and even ordered: "Don't fire first, and offenders will be beheaded even if they win!" At this time, Zhan Tianyou privately said to Mr. Zhang, the captain of the Wu Yang, "There are many French warships with ulterior motives. Although we have received an order not to fire first, we must never take preventive measures in advance. " Because of Zhan Tianyou's warning, Wu Yang is very alert and ready to fight. When the French fleet launched a surprise attack, Zhan Tianyou braved heavy artillery fire and calmly and tactfully commanded the "Wu Yang" to move forward from left to right; Avoiding enemy fire, seizing fighter planes, and bombarding the French command ship "Walter" with its tail almost killed the commander of the French naval expedition. For this naval battle, Zilin Xibao, founded by British businessmen in Shanghai, also had to be surprised and praised in different places: "Westerners didn't expect China people to fight so bravely. Of the five students aboard the Wu Yang, Zhan Tianyou is the bravest. He is fearless in the face of the enemy. At the critical moment of life and death, he is as calm as ever. He has the courage to save many people in the water ... "From the post-war to 1888, Zhan Tianyou went through many twists and turns and was transferred to China Railway Corporation as an engineer, which was the beginning of his career in China railway. Shortly after taking office, Zhan Tianyou was put to the test. At that time, the Tianjin-Hebei railway from Tianjin to Shanhaiguan was built to the Luanhe River, and a railway bridge across the Luanhe River was to be built. The Luanhe River bed has deep sediments, and it encounters rising water and rapids. The railway bridge was designed by a world-class British engineer, but it failed. Later, Japanese engineers were hired as contractors, which was no good. Finally, the German engineer came out and was quickly defeated. Zhan Tianyou asked China people to do it themselves, but the Englishman in charge of the project had no choice but to agree to Zhan Tianyou's attempt. Zhan Tianyou is a conscientious and down-to-earth person. After analyzing and summarizing the reasons for the failure of three foreign engineers, he dressed in work clothes and conducted field investigation and close-range measurement with the workers. At night, with the help of dim oil lamps, the geological structure of Luanhe River bed was carefully studied, analyzed and repeatedly compared, and finally the position of the pier was determined, and a new method-"pneumatic caisson method" was boldly decided to be adopted for the construction of the pier. Zhan Tianyou really succeeded, and the Luanhe River Bridge was built. This incident shocked the world: one China engineer actually solved a big problem that three foreign engineers could not complete. After Zhan Tianyou won the first battle, he immediately encountered a more severe test. 1905, the Qing government decided to build the first railway in China-Jing-Zhang Railway. Both Britain and China wanted to intervene, but their attempts failed because of the strong opposition of the Russian people. The British and Russian envoys said in a threatening tone: "If the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was built by Russian engineers themselves, it has nothing to do with Britain and Russia." They think that, in this way, it is impossible to build a railway in China. At this critical moment, Zhan Tianyou accepted this arduous task without hesitation and was solely responsible for the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. News came that some imperialists and British newspapers sarcastically said, "The engineer who can build this railway in China has not been born in the womb! China people want to build railways without foreigners, even if it is not a dream, it will take at least 50 years. " They even attacked Zhan Tianyou, the general manager and chief engineer, for being "arrogant" and "overreaching". Under pressure, Zhan Tianyou insisted on not appointing foreign engineers, and said: "China is vast and rich in resources, and I feel ashamed to rely on outsiders all the way to work!" "China has awakened, and China people will use their own engineers and their own money to build railways." 1In August, 905, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was officially started, and intense exploration and route selection began. Zhan Tianyou personally led the students and workers, carrying benchmarks and theodolite, running around the rugged mountains day and night. One evening, the fierce northwest wind roared in Badaling area, whizzing past with dust, which made people unable to open their eyes. The survey team finished the work in a hurry, filled in the survey figures and climbed down from the rock wall. Zhan Tianyou took the notebook, looked at the figures and asked doubtfully, "Is the data accurate?" ? "Almost," replied the surveyor. Zhan Tianyou said seriously: "The first requirement of technology is accuracy, and there can be no ambiguity or rashness. Statements like' probably' and' almost' will not be said by engineers. " Then, he picked up the instrument, braved the wind and sand, climbed to the rock wall again with difficulty, carefully surveyed it and corrected a mistake. When he came down, his lips were purple with cold. Soon, exploration and construction entered the most difficult stage. At Badaling and Qinglong Bridge, there are overlapping mountains and steep walls hanging rocks, and four tunnels will be opened, the longest of which is more than 1000 meters. After accurate calculation, Zhan Tianyou decided to adopt the method of sectional construction: simultaneously drilling from the north and south ends of the mountain, opening a large well in the middle of the mountain, and then drilling from the north and south ends in the well. This not only ensures the construction quality, but also speeds up the project progress. When digging a hole, I dug a lot of stones by hand and picked out the spewing spring water one by one. Zhan Tianyou, as the chief engineer, has no shelf. He digs stones and carries water with the workers, and his face is covered with mud and sweat. He also encouraged everyone to say, "The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is the first railway that we built with our own people and our own money. The eyes of the whole world are watching us, and we must succeed! " "No matter success or failure, it is definitely not our own success or failure, but the success or failure of our country!" In order to overcome the difficulty of driving on steep slopes and ensure the train to climb up Badaling safely, Zhan Tianyou creatively used the principle of "turn-back line" to design a herringbone line on the steep Qinglong Bridge section in mountainous areas, which reduced the tunnel excavation and slope. When the train arrives here, it will cooperate with two high-powered locomotives to push and pull to ensure the safety of the train uphill. Zhan Tianyou once put forward three requirements for the whole project: "less money, good quality and quick completion". After several struggles by workers, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was finally opened to traffic in September 1909. It was originally planned to be completed in six years, but it was completed four years ahead of schedule, and the project cost was only one-fifth of that estimated by foreigners. Some European and American engineers paid tribute to Zhan Tianyou after visiting by bus. But Zhan Tianyou said modestly: "This is the strength of more than 10,000 employees of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, not my personal credit. Glory should belong to everyone. " After the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed, Zhan Tianyou succeeded as the supervisor and chief engineer of the Guangdong-Han Railway. At this time, the United States decided to grant him a doctorate in engineering and asked him to go to the United States to attend the conferring ceremony in person. He gave up this honor in order to devote himself to the railway construction of the motherland. After the Revolution of 1911, in order to revitalize the railway industry, Zhan Tianyou and his colleagues established the China Engineering Society, and was promoted to president. During this period, he devoted a lot of efforts to the training of young engineers and technicians. In addition to setting an example, he also encouraged young people to "study hard for invention" and asked them not to "favor one over the other, and not to fish for fame". Take others with sincerity, not yourself as a mirror. "Zhan Tianyou has been engaged in the railway industry for more than 30 years. At that time, almost every railway in China had different degrees of relationship. Old age breaks down from overwork 19 19. Comrade Zhou Enlai once spoke highly of Zhan Tianyou's achievements, calling him "the glory of the people of China". During the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway in Zhan Tianyou, various railway engineering standards were formulated, and a letter was sent to the government asking for national adoption. The 4-foot-8-inch standard gauge and Jenny coupler (also known as Johnny coupler and Zheng coupler, created by American Eli Jenny) still in use in China are all put forward by Zhan Tianyou. In addition, Zhan Tianyou also pays attention to the training of railway talents, and has formulated the articles of association for the promotion and transfer of engineers, which clearly stipulates the assessment and requirements of engineers, and stipulates that the remuneration of engineers is linked to the assessment results. Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has trained many engineers in China, and the assessment regulations formulated by Zhan Tianyou have also become the object of imitation by other railways in China. After the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed, Zhan Tianyou was awarded an engineering scholar by Xuan Tong and served as the examiner for international students. 19 10 served as the prime minister and engineer of Guangdong Commercial Guangdong-Han Railway Corporation, 19 12 served as the Han-Yue-Chuan Railway Association, responsible for the construction of Guangdong-Han and Sichuan-Han railways. Since then, I have lived in No.9, Eha Street, Russian Concession in Hankou (now 5 1 Dongting Street). In the same year, "China Institution of Engineers" was established and was elected as the first president. After the founding of the Republic of China, 19 13 was appointed by the government as the technical director of the Ministry of Communications, and 19 14 was awarded the second-class Baoguang Golden Harvest Chapter. 19 16, was awarded an honorary doctorate in law by the University of Hong Kong. 19 19 At the beginning of this year, as the China representative of the Far East Railway Conference supervised by the Allies, he was sent to Vladivostok and Harbin. He returned to Hankou due to illness in April and died on April 24 at the age of 59. Zhan Tianyou and his wife Tan Juzhen were buried near Qinglongqiao Railway Station on Zhangjing Road. 1922 bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou was erected at Qinglong bridge railway station. 1987, Zhan Tianyou memorial hall was built nearby. On the occasion of commemorating the 0/00th anniversary of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway/KLOC-,Zhangjiakou people will always cherish the memory of Zhan Tianyou, the chief designer of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. In 2005, a statue of Zhan Tianyou was built in Zhangjiakou South Station Square.

Introduction to the film Zhan Tianyou.

1904, the Qing government planned to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Britain and Russia compete for the right to build at the same time, deadlocked. The Qing government did not dare to offend both sides, so it decided to build it itself. 1905, Zhan Tianyou was hired as the General Engineering Office (now called an engineer), and foreigners laughed and said, "The China Engineering Office that can build this road has not yet been born." With lofty sense of responsibility and tenacious perseverance, Zhan Tianyou overcame many obstacles with its own strength, and finally built the first truly world-renowned self-built railway at 1909.

Subsequently, Zhan Tianyou not only accepted the invitation to build four railways, but also planned to build the Guangdong-Han Railway from Guangzhou to Hankou with great enthusiasm, so as to form a major trunk line connecting with the Beijing-Han Railway and running through the north and south of China. However, in 19 1 1, the Qing government issued an order to nationalize the national commercial railways, forcing Zhan Tianyou to hand over the Yue-Han Railway, which made Zhan Tianyou feel extremely desperate. In the same year, the Revolution of 1911 broke out, the Qing court fell and the Republic of China was founded 19 12. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the new interim president, put forward the grand plan of "building a national railway network", and at the same time proposed to merge the originally planned Sichuan-Han and Guangdong-Han railways to form the Hanyue-Sichuan Railway Company, and invited Zhan Tianyou as the organizer.

19 19, the burden of railway construction fell into the hands of bureaucratic government and foreign powers, and Zhan Tianyou's work of building the Han-Yue-Chuan Railway was once again met with heavy resistance. He deeply felt that the construction of the railway could not be immune, which was actually the lifeblood of the great powers who did not want China people to control their own country. In order to change this situation, he United with people around him and made unremitting struggle, which made great contributions to the railway construction in China.

19 19, at the end of the first European War, Zhan Tianyou attended the international conference on the Far East Railway on behalf of the China government, braving the cold, and had an argument with the Japanese representative who tried to occupy the North Manchuria Middle East Railway in China, thus gaining China's right to protect the Middle East Railway. On the way home, he boarded the Great Wall again with illness and sighed: "Life has ups and downs, and the original road network dream made me regret it to the end. Fortunately, my life can be turned into a track crawling on the land of China ... "His persistent deeds of fighting against the great powers on the railway front, as well as his highly integrated quality of national spirit and scientific spirit, will be together with the bronze statue set up for him by later generations.

The film was shot by Shanghai Film Studio and directed by the famous film artist Sun Daolin. The main actors are Zhan Tianyou-Feng Chunchao, Tan Juzhen-Juanyan Hui,-Kong Xiangyu, Zheng Gaoming, Sun Yat-sen-Qilu and Yuan Shikai-Lin Liankun.

Personal experience

Responder: zzggzzgz-Magician Level 4 2-26 12:33

Zhan Tianyou, the word is sincere and quick. 186 1 was born in Nanhai county, Guangdong province. 1On July 8th, 872, Zhan Tianyou, who was only 12 years old, went to study in the United States as the first batch of formal international students from China.

Zhan Tianyou studied in Weihafen Primary School and Nuhafen Middle School in the United States. He graduated from Yale University with 188 1, and wrote his graduation thesis "Research on Wharf Crane", where he obtained his bachelor's degree and returned to China in the same year. After returning home, Zhan Tianyou attended Mawei Ship Administration Preparatory School and was sent to Fujian Navy flagship "Wu Yang" as a gunner to participate in Mawei naval battle. After the war, he was transferred to the Huangpu Naval Academy to teach.

From 65438 to 0888, Zhan Tianyou was recommended by his old classmate Mou to be an engineer in China Railway Company. Zhan Tianyou, which has been lost for seven years, has the opportunity to join the railway industry of the motherland. At this time, it was the construction of the Tianjin-Tangshan Railway. He didn't want to stay in Tianjin for a long time, so he went to the construction site to share joys and sorrows with the workers. As a result, it was completed and opened to traffic in only 80 days. However, Li Hongzhang played the role of the Englishman Jinda and promoted Jinda as the chief engineer. Zhan Tianyou's works were therefore copied.

1890, the Qing government repaired the internal and external railways (now Beijing-Shenyang Railway), and Jinda was the chief engineer. 1892, the project goes to Luanhe Bridge, and many countries want to win this business. Of course, Jinda took the Englishman first, but the Englishman Cox failed because the bridge could not be built. Contractors from Japan and Germany also failed. As the delivery deadline approaches, Jinda has to ask Zhan Tianyou. Zhan Tianyou made a detailed analysis of the reasons for the failure of various countries, and made a thorough survey of the geological soil at the bottom of Luanhe River. Later, he decided to change the pile location, adopt the traditional method of China, dive into the bottom of the river with divers from China, cooperate with machine operation, successfully complete the piling task, and build the Luanhe River Bridge. This victory has strengthened the ambition of the people of China. 1894 British engineering research association elected Zhan Tianyou as its member.

Since then, Zhan Tianyou has led the construction of railways such as Beijing-Tianjin Road and Pingyao Road (Pingxiang to Liling).

In order to please Nora, Yuan Shikai invited to build a Xinyi Railway (Gaobeidian to Yixian) in 1902 for the royal family to worship their ancestors. Nora is naturally willing to take the train to worship her ancestors. In order not to miss the use of ancestor worship in 1903, Yuan Shikai was ordered to finish it within half a year. Yuan Shikai appointed Zhan Tianyou as the chief engineer. Although this road is of little value, it is the beginning for China people to build their own railways, so Zhan Tianyou still attaches great importance to it. Zhan Tianyou completely abandoned the routine that foreigners had to air dry the roadbed for one year before laying the track. It took only four months to build the Xinyi Railway at a very low cost. It greatly encouraged the people of China to build their own railways and laid a good foundation for the later construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway.

Zhangjiakou is the hub of Beijing's entry into Inner Mongolia, the channel for tourists and businessmen from north and south, and has always been a battleground for military strategists. Therefore, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has important economic and political value. As soon as the news that the Qing court was going to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Highway came out, Britain, the most influential country in China, was determined to win. Russia, which regards the north of the Great Wall as its sphere of influence, will never give in and the two sides will not give in to each other. Finally, an agreement was reached: if the Qing court did not borrow foreign debts and needed foreign craftsmen, the road would be built by China people, and neither side could reach out. In this way, the Qing government gave up the idea of asking foreigners for help and devoted itself to self-study.

Responder: flame 7- 1 is suitable for children aged 2-26 at 20:05.

Zhan Tianyou, whose real name is as soon as possible, is from Wuyuan, Jiangxi. 186 1 year (the 11th year of Qing Xianfeng) was born in an ordinary family of tea merchants. When I was a child, Zhan Tianyou was very interested in machines, and often made various machine models with the children in the neighborhood. Sometimes, he will secretly take apart the bells at home, fiddle with the components inside and ask questions that even adults can't answer. From 65438 to 0872, Zhan Tianyou, who was only 12 years old, went to Hongkong to sign up for the preparatory class for young children going abroad organized by the Qing government. After passing the exam, my father drew a note on a certificate of going abroad, which said, "If there is illness, life and death, everyone will live in peace." After that, he left his parents and came to the United States to study with the ideal of learning western "skills".

In the United States, students in preparatory classes abroad witnessed the great achievements of science and technology in North America and Western Europe and marveled at the rapid development of machinery, trains, ships and telecommunications manufacturing. Some students are pessimistic about the future of China, but Zhan Tianyou firmly said, "In the future, there will be trains and ships in China." With the belief of studying hard for the prosperity of the motherland, he studied hard and graduated from New Haven with 1867. In May of the same year, he was admitted to the Department of Civil Engineering of Yale University, majoring in railway engineering. After four years in college, Zhan Tianyou studied hard, ranking first in the graduation examination with excellent results. 188 1 year, of the 120 overseas students who returned from China, only two got their degrees, and Zhan Tianyou was one of them.

Responder: 985895- Trainee Magician Level 2-27 19:37.

In the United States, students in preparatory classes abroad witnessed the great achievements of science and technology in North America and Western Europe and marveled at the rapid development of machinery, trains, ships and telecommunications manufacturing. Some students are pessimistic about the future of China, but Zhan Tianyou firmly said, "In the future, there will be trains and ships in China." With the belief of studying hard for the prosperity of the motherland, he studied hard and graduated from New Haven with 1867. In May of the same year, he was admitted to the Department of Civil Engineering of Yale University, majoring in railway engineering. After four years in college, Zhan Tianyou studied hard, ranking first in the graduation examination with excellent results. 188 1 year, of the 120 overseas students who returned from China, only two got their degrees, and Zhan Tianyou was one of them.