In 20 10, Gujarat, which only accounted for 5% of India's total population, accounted for 16% of the country's total industrial output value and 22% of its total export value, and its economic development speed had already exceeded the average level of India. As appraised by McKinsey & Company, Gujarat is playing a driving role in Indian industrialization, just as Guangdong did to China in 1990s. The main crops in Gujarat are rice, wheat, sorghum, pearl millet, corn, mung bean and peanut, while the cash crops are mainly cotton and tobacco. 1999-2000, the total area of irrigation network reached 2.98 million hectares. It is reported that in Gujarat in 1995-96, the average cultivated land was 2.6 hectares. During the three years up to 20001-02, the average annual grain output was about 3.828 million tons.
With the improvement of sardar Sarowal Dam on Narmada River and its irrigation canal system, agriculture in Gujarat has been further developed. The dam spans the Narmada River, and the amount of concrete ranks second in the world, reaching 6.82 million cubic meters. The flood discharge is the third in the world, with 87,000 cubic meters per second. It is1210m long and163m high, making it the third highest concrete dam in India. Gujarat is one of the most industrialized states in India, with a wide variety of industries. The main industries are general electrical engineering, textile industry, edible vegetable oil processing, chemical industry, alkali industry and cement industry. Emerging industries include fertilizer production and petrochemical products.
Since 2008, Tata Motors has planned to set up a factory in Singur, East West Bengal, to produce the world's cheapest car Nano. However, this plan was strongly resisted by local farmers in Singur. Because the land for building the factory was purchased by the government of West Bengal from farmers in 2006, many farmers refused to accept it because the compensation was too low, and the court had to intervene to suspend it. Finally, on August 22nd, 2008, Tata Group announced that it would transfer its automobile factory to Gujarat. In Gujarat, Nami was treated differently. Pata, a farmer in his thirties, and his brother sold their13 land to the government, which provided convenience for Tata to build a factory. As a result, they got a high land compensation of about $433,000, and also found a job in the nano factory. The construction of nano-car factory has also brought a series of economic effects to the local area. The land price of nearby villages has more than tripled, and many villagers have found jobs because of building factories. Even if there is no direct connection with the nano-factory, local farmers have increased their non-agricultural income through surrounding industries such as transportation. Gujarat has a rich tradition of handicraft production. Some very old handicrafts were found in the ruins of Harappa civilization excavated in Gujarat, including Lothar, Lambour and Luozidi.
Patola in Patan is a unique textile in Gujarat. This unique women's fabric has gorgeous geometric patterns, which is very eye-catching. This exquisite silk fabric looks like a printed Sally, but it is not printed. Tie-dyeing method and weaving method make the positive and negative patterns of the fabric completely consistent. It requires complex calculations and is based entirely on the geometry of the pattern. The whole production process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is extremely difficult.
Beauty making in surat is one of the oldest handicrafts, and its roots can be traced back to the Mughal period. Surat is one of the largest and most important manufacturing centers in India. The main types of this product are pure gold and silver silk thread, imitation gold and silver silk thread, and embroidery named Chalak, Salama, Kangali and Tiki. These are mainly used for small rings and Cattori on gold cloth patterns, as well as Gary's binding knitting, embroidery, ribbons, hats, headscarves, saris and women's shirts.
Tanjoy or silk brocade is a decorative pattern of birds, animals, leaves and fruits woven on silk. This kind of fabric is used to make expensive saris, shirts and tapestries. Indian brocade is woven on silk with gold and silver thread.
Dyeing is an ancestral skill. In the past, cloth was dyed with dyes extracted from trees and flowers. Sarkay, located in the suburb of Ahmedabad, is the manufacturing and export center of indigo dyes. Bandani is a very popular tie-dyed sari for women. Its manufacturing process is very complicated, and it is necessary to tie many small pieces on the fine white cloth stained with dyes, and use deeper dyes on the cloth to make it have a background color.
Cloth printing and dyeing is a complex and professional industry, which needs woodcarving printing plates and silk screens. Skilled craftsmen are engaged in the printing and dyeing of various fabrics. Locals call these fabrics Qiongdadi, Patola Sufu, raila, Bandani, Pancha and Nagalia. Various household articles and decorative materials, such as tablecloths, bedspreads, curtains, tapestries, handbags and carpets, are also made by this printing and dyeing process.
The curtain of the temple, which is usually called Yaguang-Nuo-Chandar-Wo, needs another printing and dyeing method. It depicts the goddess' mother sitting on the throne or on the back of a tiger, surrounded by believers.
Wood carving is an ancient art in our state, which has reached a very high level of skill. Some excellent wood carvings can be found in temples and houses in many parts of Gujarat. Woodcarvers carve lifelike animal statues and artistic daily necessities, such as desk lamps, wooden chairs and children's toys. Mahua and Idar are famous for lacquer toys. Sankoh in Baroda County is famous for its lacquerware. Lacquerware is made of rural trees, and its color is darker. The coating is made of high quality paint.
Pearl jewelry making is a unique industry of Raj Golde, Pavnagar, Jamnagar and Gunagard. Torrance, Jopat, carpets, hats, belts and other ornaments are all exquisite articles decorated with beads.
Embroidery has always been a female industry. Banny is a small village in Kuchilan, which is famous for its artistic embroidery products. Many small mirrors adorn it, making embroidery sparkling and charming. The best embroidery with a small mirror is called Abara Prabharata. When the bride got married, she took several sets of dresses and short-sleeved coats with her, and every detail was beautifully embroidered.
Jewelry making and processing technology is a traditional handicraft industry in Gujarat. The goldsmith industry includes the production of gold silk and mesh silk ornaments, sculpture and so on. The production of silverware is a characteristic industry in Kucher. It is a shallow relief pattern on silver foil, which is beautified by etching and splicing scraps. Tardani, Gource Dani, vases, plates, jewelry boxes, powder boxes, ashtrays and cigarette cases are all part of local silverware.
Agate is a translucent mineral, which is composed of various colors and can be found in river beds. After heating, chiseling, grinding, polishing and drilling, the raw ore is made into earrings, necklace pendants, dishes and other artistic products. Agate manufacturing is located in Cambay.