Qu Yuan (340 ~ 278 BC) was born in Ping, a noble Chu state. At first, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang. He was a senior official of the left. He advocated improving internal affairs and uniting the state of Qin. However, Chu Huaiwang's Lingyin Zijiao, Shangguan Doctor, Shanxi Merchants and his favorite concubine Zheng Xiu were all bought by Zhang Yi, the envoy of Qin State, which not only made Wang Huai unable to accept Qu Yuan's opinion, but also alienated him. As a result, Chu Huaiwang was lured to death by the State of Qin. After Xiang Wang ascended the throne, Qu Yuan continued to suffer persecution and exile again and again. In 278 BC, the general of Qin led the army south and conquered the capital of Chu. Qu Yuan was desperate for the future and threw himself into the Miluo River on May 5 of the same year.
Although Qu Yuan's political life is a tragedy, as a poet, he left more than 20 immortal poems such as Li Sao and Tian Wen. These are precious heritages in China's literary treasure house.
Li Sao is the most mature work of Qu Yuan and the most magnificent lyric poem in ancient China. The first half is a realistic narrative, which describes his ideals and experiences of improving politics. A lot of strange fantasies were added in the second half. Accompanied by wind, rain, thunder, electricity, clouds, moon, phoenix and dragon, he galloped up and down in the sky, pursuing his ideal object. The result was disappointing.
The poet integrated natural phenomena, historical figures and legends into a magnificent and romantic artistic image, realizing a high degree of integration of thought and art. Lu Xun praised Qu Yuan and said, "Escape is a big talk, and you will be outstanding all your life."
Tian Wen is a strange long poem. This is because after Qu Yuan was exiled, he lost his mind and his old beliefs completely collapsed. Therefore, he had doubts about natural phenomena, ancient ruins, religious beliefs and traditional concepts of society, which led to various questions. By asking questions, the poet vented his contradictions and pains in political life.
During the Warring States Period, the seven vassal states of Qin, Chu, Qi, Yan, Zhao, Han and Wei fought each other for cities and land for years. At that time, Qu Yuan, the great poet of Chu, was only a young man. He was a disciple of King Huan of Chu. He was sad to see the people suffering from the disaster of war. Qu Yuan was determined to serve the country and the people, and suggested that Wang Huai should appoint talents and care for the people, which won his trust.
At that time, Qin was the most powerful country in the west, and it often attacked six countries. Therefore, Qu Yuan personally went to various countries to contact and use the joint strength to deal with the State of Qin. In the 11th year of Wang Huai, Qu Yuan's diplomacy was successful. Kings of Chu, Qi, Yan, Zhao, Han and Wei gathered in the capital of Chu and formed an alliance. Chu Huaiwang became the leader of the alliance. The strength of the alliance prevented the expansion of Qiang Qin. Qu Yuan is highly valued by Chu Huaiwang, and many important domestic and foreign affairs are decided by Qu Yuan.
Therefore, a group of nobles headed by Zi Lan, the son of Chu, were very jealous of Qu Yuan and often spoke ill of Qu Yuan in front of Wang Huai. It is said that he usurped the exclusive right and didn't care about Wang Huai at all. With more and more people stirring up trouble, Chu Huaiwang became increasingly dissatisfied with Qu Yuan. The spies of Qin reported this situation to the king of Qin, who had long wanted to attack Qi, but was afraid to do it because of the six-nation alliance. Hearing the news, he called the Prime Minister Zhang Yi to the palace to discuss. Zhang Yi believes that among the six countries, Qi and Chu are the most powerful. As long as the two countries are estranged, the alliance will dissolve. He is willing to take advantage of the internal discord in Chu State to personally break up the six-nation alliance.
The king of Qin was overjoyed and prepared gold and silver treasures for Zhang Yi to carry with him. Zhang Yi returned the seal to the king of Qin, resigned from Qin Xiang in disguise, and set off for Chu. After arriving in Du Ying, Zhang Yi first visited Qu Yuan and talked about the benefits of Qin's strength and Qin Chu's alliance. Qu Yuan said: "Chu cannot change the status of the six-nation alliance."
Zhang Yi told Zilan: "With the six-nation alliance, Chu Huaiwang trusts Qu Yuan, and when the alliance is dispersed, Qu Yuan has nothing to be afraid of." Zilan was very happy when she heard this. The nobles of Chu state are all related to Zhang Yi. Zilan took him to see Chu Huaiwang's favorite queen, Zheng Xiu, and Zhang Yi gave Zheng Xiu a pair of priceless white jade. Bai Bi's precious light dazzled the eyes of the king of Chu. Zheng Xiu readily offered to help them publicize the Qin Chu League. Everyone thinks: "To unify Qin Chu, we must first dismantle the six-nation alliance; If you want to break up the alliance, you must first cherish the king's distrust of Qu Yuan.
Zilan thought of a plan: He said that Qu Yuan had paid bribes to Zhang Yi, and Zheng Xiu leaked the news to Wang Huai. Zhang Yi was overjoyed and said, "The Queen is willing to contribute. It's a blessing of Qin Chu, a blessing of China! " When Yi Cheung was ready, Tuozilan introduced Wang Huai. He advised against uniting with Qin and listed many benefits. Finally, he said, "As long as the king is willing, the king of Qin has prepared 600 Li of land for the State of Chu. Chu Huaiwang is a greedy man. I heard that he took 600 miles of land for nothing. How not to like it. Go back to the palace and tell Zheng Xiu happily. Zheng Xiu congratulated him, but frowned: "I heard that Qu Yuan asked Zhang Yi for a pair of white jade, but I am afraid I will object!" Chu Huaiwang listened with a grain of salt. .
The next day, Chu Huaiwang hosted a banquet in honor of Yi Cheung. During the dinner, when talking about Qin Chu's friendship, Qu Yuan vehemently opposed it and had a heated argument with Zilan and Shanxi merchants. He thought, "It is a matter of life and death for Chu to give up the six-nation alliance and give Qin a chance! He denounced Zhang Yi, Zilan and Shanxi merchants, went up to Chu Huaiwang and said loudly, "Your Majesty, I can't believe it! Zhang Yi was sent by the State of Qin to break up the alliance and isolate Chu. You must not believe it. Chu Huaiwang remembered Zheng Xiu's words, and sure enough Qu Yuan tried his best to oppose Qin Chu's reconciliation. Covet the land of Qin. Can't help but be angry: "The 600-Li land of Chu is worth a pair of white jade!" Let the samurai pull him out of the palace gate.
Qu Yuan was heartbroken and stood outside the palace gate and could not bear to leave. He hoped that Chu Huaiwang would wake up and change his mind, so as not to bring disaster to the country. Standing from noon to evening, I saw Zhang Yi, Zi Lan, Jin Shang and others walking out of the palace door with joy, but I was disheartened. He sighed and murmured, "Chuzhou, you will suffer again ..." Qu Yuan was unhappy after returning to China, and he could not help sighing at the thought that once his alliance was destroyed, Chu would not be able to maintain its immediate prosperity.
The elder sister who looked after the house for him asked the reason, knowing that he had been framed by a villain, and advised him to stop talking. Qu Yuan said, "I'm from Chu, and I can't see the danger of Chu even if I die!" He thought that Chu Huaiwang would wake up and tell right from wrong. As long as Wang Huai changes his mind, Chu will have a way. But Chu Huaiwang no longer summoned him. He becomes more and more sad and often stays up all night. He wrote a long poem called Li Sao, in which he wrote his sorrow and his resentment towards Chu. "Lisao" means "sadness". When people are sad, why not call God and parents to express their grievances!
When this poem reached the palace, Zilan, Shanxi merchants and others got the attack materials, saying that Qu Yuan compared Wang Huai to Xiezhou. Chu Huaiwang was furious and dismissed Qu Yuan. The air in Du Ying is driving Qu Yuan crazy. The girl advised him to rest somewhere else, and he said loudly, "I can't take Chu and the people!" " However, under the persuasion of the girl, he moved out of Du Ying and prepared to settle in Hanbei. He walked for a while and then looked back for a while. "What a heroic city! "
He cares about state affairs, so he stops for a few days at every place to ask for news. One day, he saw the story of the gods of heaven and earth and the ancient sages painted on the wall of an ancient temple. The deeds of the holy king and the wise king touched his heart, and he couldn't figure out why Chu Huaiwang was so confused. He shouted to the gods, "Is there any right or wrong in this world? ? ..... "So he wrote a long poem" Nine Questions ". The gods didn't answer him, but the facts did. Chu Huaiwang broke off diplomatic relations with Qi and broke up the alliance, so he sent someone to take Yi Cheung to Qin to receive the land.
Near Xianyang, Qin Dou and Zhang Yi pretended to be drunk. When they got off the bus, they fell down and said that they hurt their legs, so they left Chu for the advanced city. Chu lives in a guest house and goes to see Yi Cheung every day. Zhang Yi always drags his legs, so he can't be interviewed until he is well. It was three months before Zhang Yi got the news that the six-nation alliance had indeed collapsed.
When Ambassador Chu mentioned the delivery of land, Zhang Yi was completely embarrassed. He said: "I said I gave it to the king of Chu, which is my own six-mile land." How can the land of Qin be dedicated to people? " The messenger of Chu was speechless and had to come back empty-handed to report to the king of Chu. Gal, can make Wang Huai dizzy. He took advantage of the opportunity of saving his strength and having enough food in recent years to send general Qu Ping to lead a hundred thousand troops to attack the State of Qin.
The king of Qin immediately changed his plan to attack Qi, and simply joined forces with Qi to meet the Chu army in two ways. The Chu army could not resist the attacks of the two countries and even lost several battles. Qu Ping was killed and later occupied the Hanzhong area of Chu State. The news spread to Hanbei, which made Qu Yuan very anxious. Angry and sighing, he finally decided to go back to Du Ying to resist the State of Qin.
On the way, he received an order from Chu Huaiwang to send him to the State of Qi to reunite with the League. Qu Yuan thought happily, "Your Majesty has finally understood!" I went to Qi immediately. Chu Huaiwang violated the African Union, and Qi was very angry. However, Qu Yuan was respected by the King of Qi, and after some negotiations, he promised to withdraw the Qi soldiers who helped Qin attack Chu. Before Qu Yuan returned to China, he got the news of the Qin Chu peace talks. Afraid that Chu Huaiwang would be cheated again, he resigned from the King of Qi and hurried back to Chu.
He went to Yunmeng of Chu State and saw the local people mourning the soldiers who died. Qu Yuan was very moved and stopped to pay homage. He stood in front of the throne and recited his poem "National Mourning" to mourn the soldiers who died for the country. When reading the sad place, all the people shed tears, and Qu Yuan was in tears. Qu Yuan walked for a few days when he heard a legend: Zhang Yi came to Du Ying again. He couldn't help stamping his feet again and again, working hard day and night to get to Du Ying.
Zilan and Jin Shang heard that Qu Yuan had come back, and hurried to report to Queen Zheng Xiu. They are all afraid that Qu Yuan will return to Du Ying and leave him in front of Chu Huaiwang, which will always be a great disaster. That night, Zheng Xiu cried to Chu Huaiwang: "Qu Yuan told Yunmeng people that all the people who died in battle were unjust deaths, all because I advised Chu Huaiwang." This time he came back to avenge the wrongful death. Chu Huaiwang was furious: "How dare he do this?" This is crazy. Zheng Xiu took the opportunity to interject: "It's crazy! You are not crazy, how can you say such presumptuous things to the people? I'm afraid to see him! If he wants to be in Du Ying, let me go to Jiangnan! "
The next day, Chu Huaiwang gave an order: Qu Yuan was appointed as the doctor of San Lv. He didn't have to go to the palace and went to work immediately. He sent Zilan to give orders to Qu Yuan. Zilan met Qu Yuan, smiled and congratulated him, and conveyed Wang Huai's orders. Qu Yuan was stunned. He looked up at the sky and sighed, "Your Majesty, you can't be confused any more. The country of Chu and the people of Chu depend on you! " The girl worried that he would get into trouble again and suggested that he leave Du Ying as soon as possible to take office. Qu Yuan said, "You worry about me, and I worry about Chu!" But it's nothing to think about, so I have to get ready to take office.
With the departure of Qu Yuan, the civil and military officials of the Manchu Dynasty united Zheng Xiu and Zilan, and this alliance soon disintegrated. Since the twenty-seventh year of Wang Huai, Qin has been at war with Chu. Chu is getting worse every day, and it has lost its strength to Qin Jun. In thirty years, Qin occupied eight cities in northern Chu. King Huai was very depressed. Suddenly, he received a letter from the King of Qin, inviting him to go to Wuguan in Qin State to discuss the method of Qin Chu's eternal friendship. Wang Huai thought about it, but never made up his mind: if he didn't go, he was afraid that Qin Jun would attack south; I am going, but I'm afraid Qin has ulterior motives.
Zilan first advised Huai Wang: "Qin Wang is willing to make peace, and this opportunity must be missed." Shanxi merchants also said, "After a short walk, there will be at least a few years of peace. King Huai returned to the harem and listened to Zheng Xiu's persuasion. He made up his mind to write back immediately and agreed to go to Wuguan for talks. After several days of preparation, he and Jin Shang set out with 500 soldiers before leaving Du Ying. On the way, I saw a horse flying like a horse.
Rushing to the front, the man immediately jumped down, fell in front of the car and cried loudly. Chu Huaiwang saw that it was Qu Yuan, a doctor in San Lv. He heard the news that Chu Huaiwang was going to Wuguan and flew in overnight. I heard his sad voice say, "Your Majesty! The state of Qin is like a tiger's mouth. This danger is not desirable! Think about the ancestors and people of Chu, and don't just listen to the little people! " I haven't seen him for more than ten years, and Qu Yuan is haggard. When Chu Huaiwang saw him, he remembered that the national situation had been declining day by day for more than ten years, and his heart was filled with sadness.
While meditating, the Shanxi merchants stood up and said to Qu Yuan bitterly, "Today is a good day for the King to go out. What does Dr. San Lv mean by these depressing words? " Qu Yuan's lips trembled with anger and said in a trembling voice, "Doctor Shangguan! You are from Chu, so you should think about Chu. You can't send your king to the jaws of death! " Shanxi merchants were furious, and they got out of the way again. Qu Yuan clung to the shaft and refused to let go. Shanxi merchants pushed Qu Yuan to the ground, whipped his horse, surrounded Wang Huai and left.
Qu Yuan got up and chased and shouted. Afraid of the king's vacillation, the Shanxi merchants sped up the whip and the car flew away. Qu Yuan stood there panting, watching people walk west until the shadow disappeared. In less than half a month, Shanxi merchants fled back to Du Ying alone. As Qu Yuan had expected, Chu Huaiwang and the 500-strong army were detained by the State of Qin and sent to Xianyang as soon as they arrived at Wuguan.
Bad consumption is all over the country. In order to calm people's minds, Zheng Xiu was made King Xiang. Master state affairs by yourself; Zilan was appointed commander in chief, responsible for the national military and political affairs. Qu Yuan, desperate to get to Du Ying, demanded that King Xiang of Qin restore the six-nation alliance and use his own powerful strength to recapture Chu Huaiwang from the State of Qin. Zilan and others advised Chu Huaiwang to go to Qin, fearing that Chu Huaiwang would come back to criticize and offend Qin. Therefore, instead of listening to Qu Yuan's ideas, he was immediately expelled from the capital. Don't let him go back to Du Ying.
After driving Qu Yuan away, these people lived a drunken life, and three years later, they suddenly received the news of Chu Huaiwang's death. It turned out that when Chu Huaiwang arrived in Xianyang, the king of Qin called the ministers to a meeting, and then he called on Chu Huaiwang to make a document and cede central Guizhou face to face. Chu Huaiwang was very angry and refused. Qin took him into custody. After more than a year's detention, the guards gradually loosened. Chu Huaiwang got the guards drunk and changed his clothes to escape from Xianyang.
After walking for a few days, he came to the border of Zhao. Zhao hates repeatedly destroying the alliance and refusing to enter the city. Chu Huaiwang walked south in regret and wanted to go to Wei. On the way, I caught up with him and caught him. Chu Huaiwang was taken back to Xianyang. He vomited blood with anger. Sick for more than a year, Xiang Wang died for three years.
Qin returned the useless bones to Chu. When Chu Huaiwang's coffin arrived in Du Ying, all Chu people felt very ashamed, and people along the way began to cry. This incident broke Qu Yuan's heart. He pinned his hopes of reviving Chu on Wang Huai's awakening, but now he feels that everything is over. He cried in front of Wang Huai's coffin. He asked Xiang Wang to take advantage of the fact that all countries bear a grudge against Qin, and try to get in touch with Qin and deal with Qin together. King Xiang refused to listen to him.
He cried in front of the palace door day and night, hoping to impress King Xiang. This annoyed Zheng Xiu, who called Zilan to scold him: "Are you contemptuous of the king because you disobeyed orders? If you don't go back, someone will escort you away! " Qu Yuan sharply cursed: "You advised the King to go to the State of Qin! Are you Ling Yin of Chu State? You are Qin's spy! If you make the country like this, the people of Chu will eat your meat! " Zilan quickly reported to Zheng Xiu, and Zheng Xiu was furious: "This is a madman. What can you make him do? Let him die far away and never come back! "
She immediately told King Xiang of the River that Qu Yuan was relieved of his position as a doctor in San Lv, and he was escorted to the south of the Yangtze River and never allowed to cross the river. . Qu Yuan was taken home, and when he saw his daughter, he sighed, "It doesn't matter whether I am bitter or not, but I hate them for bringing disaster to the country and the people!" He moved his family back to his hometown with his daughter. He also set up a spiritual position to pay tribute to Wang Huai. He read an evocative long poem and missed the prosperous Chu State that year.
Qu Yuan went to Lingyang, where he was exiled, and he was restless day and night. He knew that there must be a disaster in Chu: "But how can I leave the place where I was born and bump around in order to escape the disaster?" After several days' consideration, Qu Yuan felt that Chu was dark and had difficulty breathing, and decided to go abroad for a period of time. After walking for a few days, he hesitated again when he reached the border of Chu.
His horse whined sadly, and the groom looked back at Chu and sighed. Qu Yuan couldn't help but say excitedly, "Yes, we are Chu people and horses, and we will die in the land of Chu!" " He lived in Lingyang for nine years. He has no hope of returning to Du Ying. He has heard that the situation in Chu is getting worse and worse. Every news makes him fidgety. He remembered that Wang Huai died in Qin because he refused to cede Guizhou. He decided to visit this place and live in Xupu, Qianzhong County. The flame of patriotism burned in his heart, but he could do nothing. He can only walk around the mountain and the lake every day.
Full of sadness and resentment, he wrote poems. He is getting older and older, but the hope of reviving Chu has not been extinguished for a day. In the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, a thunderbolt-like news knocked him unconscious: the generals of Qin attacked Chu in vain, occupied Ying capital, and the ancestral halls and tombs of Chu were destroyed. Chu is dying! He decided to go back to Du Ying and die where he was born. He walked in a daze for a few days without combing his hair or washing his face until he reached the Guluo River. He saw his white hair in the clear river, and his heart churned like waves.
The alliance was destroyed by villains, and Chu was in danger, and the people suffered. Qu Yuan strolled along the river. He missed Du Ying, missed the people, hated the enemy and evil, and was determined to warn the traitors with his own life and inspire the patriotic enthusiasm of the people all over the country. The land here has not been trampled by Qin Jun, and it is very clean. He took off his clothes, wrapped the stones by the river and tied them tightly to himself with a belt. Try to jump into the middle of the river. The patriotic poet took a clean stone from Chu and soon sank. This day is May 5th. After Qu Yuan's death, people respected him and mourned him. Because he fought to the death with the villain who harmed Chu, on the anniversary of his death, the people hanged Chang Pujian and drank realgar wine. Prevent evil spirits from invading.
People believe that patriotic poets will never die. On May 5th every year, they rock the dragon boat and look for poets everywhere. His patriotism has taken root in the hearts of China people.
Chu was an outstanding politician and patriotic poet at the end of the Warring States Period. His name is Ping, the word Ziyuan, and he is a descendant of Qu Xian, the son of Xiong Tong, from Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei).
Qu Yuan was the first great patriotic poet in China. He initiated a new era of poetry from collective singing to individual independent writing. He is the founder of China's positive romantic poetry tradition, and one of the "four famous people in world culture" (Copernicus in Poland, Shakespeare in Britain and Dante in Italy).
Qu Yuan experienced three periods in his life: Chu Weiwang, Chu Huaiwang and King Xiang of Qing Dynasty, and his main activities were in the period of Chu Huaiwang. This period is the eve of China's imminent reunification. "Qin Shihuang is horizontal, and the king of Chu is vertical." Qu Yuan was born in a noble family and was good at dealing with chaos, so he was favored by Chu Huaiwang in his early years and was a leftist. In order to realize the great cause of reunifying Chu, Dr. San Lv actively assisted Chu Huaiwang in reforming the country. At one time, there was a situation in Chu that the country was rich and the people were strong, and the princes were hard to hope for. However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and the decadent aristocratic group of Chu State in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the jealousy of Shangguan doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by a group of little people and alienated by Chu Huaiwang.
In the 15th year of Wang Huai (the first 304 years), Zhang Yi paid off Shanxi merchants, Zilan and Zheng Xiu as spies with a large sum of money. At the same time, he tricked Wang Huai into breaking off diplomatic relations. After being cheated, he became angry from embarrassment and sent troops to Qin twice, both of which were defeated. So Qu Yuan was ordered to send troops to Qi State to rebuild the good relationship between Qi and Chu. Here, Zhang Yi once again went from Qin to Chu.
In the thirty years of Wang Huai, Qu Yuan returned to Ying Du. In the same year, Qin made an appointment with the military attache and was detained by Qin. Finally died in the state of Qin. After Wang Xiang ascended the throne, he continued to implement the policy of surrender. Qu Yuan was expelled again and exiled to Jiangnan, wandering between Yuan and Xiang. In the 21st year (278 BC), the state of Qin conquered Baicheng.
Qu Yuan's works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs (1 1), Nine Chapters (9) and Evocation, with a total of 23 articles. In addition, whether Buju and Fisherman were written by Qu Yuan is still controversial in academic circles. It put forward 172 questions to the sky with questions, involving astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy and many other fields, which showed the poet's bold suspicion of traditional ideas and the scientific spirit of pursuing truth. Nine Songs is a set of music songs for offering sacrifices to gods based on folk songs. A large number of images of gods are created in the poems, most of which are love songs between man and god.
Qu Yuan's works record his persistence in the ideal of "beautiful politics" and his struggle against the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu. His ideal of "beautiful politics" is shown in his works, that is, "to cultivate talents and empower them, but not to be fully satisfied with them" (Li Sao). The so-called "cultivating talents and appointing talents" is to select truly talented people to govern the country and oppose the nobility and inferiority in the world. It shows that it is reasonable to select talents regardless of their status. The so-called "obeying the law without being fully satisfied" means perfecting the statutes, that is, the laws are not expensive and limiting the privileges of the old nobles. Qu Yuan's ideal of "beautiful politics" reflects his sharp opposition to the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu and expresses his progressive demand of getting rid of bad politics, with the ultimate goal of saving the motherland from peril and making Chu rich and strong. Related to this, Qu Yuan's works also profoundly reveal Chu. At the same time, he showed his determination to care about the country and people, love the country and devote himself to the motherland. Although Qu Yuan was exiled or even exiled, he always thought about the rise and fall of the motherland and the sufferings of the people, and hoped that the King of Chu would repent and turn over a new leaf, work hard and be the master of rejuvenation. He knows that loyalty to honesty and frankness will lead to disaster, but he always "bears it". Knowing that he was facing many dangers, he could have gone to other countries to find a way out in the era of "using Chu materials", but he refused to leave Chu, which showed his infinite loyalty to the motherland and his personality and will to "win glory with the sun and the moon".
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature. He is an outstanding representative of romantic poets. As an outstanding politician and patriot, Qu Yuan's spirit of loving the motherland and the people, persisting in the truth and dying, and his lofty personality of "glory for the sun and the moon" have inspired and nurtured countless Chinese sons and daughters for thousands of years, especially when the country and the nation are in danger. As a great poet, this spirit is even more obvious. It not only marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality, but also his new poetic style, Chu Ci, has broken through the expression form of The Book of Songs, greatly enriched the expressive force of poetry and opened up a new world for China's ancient poetry creation. Later generations also called Chu Ci and The Book of Songs "wind and coquettish". Feng Sao is a poem by China.
In the history of China, Qu Yuan was the most admired and loved poet by the people. According to the continuity of Sui Shu and geographical harmony, Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The custom of making zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in China originated from people's commemoration of Qu Yuan. From 1938 to 1953, Qu Yuan was also listed as one of the "Four Cultural Celebrities" in the world and was well received.
Main works:
Jiu Wen, Ai, Li Sao
Nine songs: nine songs Priestess of Death, nine songs Dong Huang Taiyi, nine songs Dong Jun, nine songs Guo Mourning, nine songs Hebo, nine songs Li Soul, nine songs Shan Gui, nine songs Shao Siming, nine songs Xiang Fu, nine songs Xiang Jun, nine songs Zhongjun.
Lisao
Chu Ci is the work of Qu Yuan, a Chu people in the Warring States Period. Regarding the title of the article, Sima Qian interpreted it as "leaving worries" in Historical Records and Biographies of Qu Yuan; Wang Yi interpreted it as "Don't worry" in The Songs of the South; Approaching people is either interpreted as "complaining" or "another way to write the name" Lao Shang "in Chu State". About the writing age, some people think that it was written in the Chu Huaiwang dynasty, after the poet was alienated; Some people think that when the poet was released to Jiangnan in the Qing Dynasty. So far, there is no conclusion. Li Sao is the longest romantic political lyric poem in the history of China's ancient poetry. The poet described his life experience, moral character and ideal, expressed his anguish and contradiction in murder, and rebuked the king of Chu for his fatuity and small clique rampage, failing to show his persistence in "beautiful politics"
Ideal, attacking the dark reality, fighting spirit of not colluding with evil forces and patriotic enthusiasm till death do us part. Ancient myths and legends are widely used in the poem, and through imagination and association, a magnificent and peculiar fantasy world is formed, which also shows the poet's roaming in the fantasy world and his enthusiastic pursuit of ideals. The metaphor of "vanilla beauty" is widely used in the poem, and the profound content is expressed with the help of concrete and vivid artistic images, which is of great artistic charm. Li Sao has a profound and realistic positive romantic spirit, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations.
[Original]
Emperor Levin's Miao nationality is Xi, my emperor Kao Boyong;
While taking photos of Zhen, Geng Yin and I are going to surrender.
Emperor view more than once, tin more than reputation;
The name is right, and the word is all;
Fenwu has both inner beauty and self-cultivation ability;
Hu Jiang left and monarch, threading thought Pei;
If I am not as good as me, I am afraid that my age is not with me;
Mulan Xi in the morning and Shu Mang in the evening;
The sun and the moon are not flooded suddenly, and the spring and autumn have their order;
But the vegetation is scattered, fearing that the beauty will come late;
Do not cherish the strong, abandon filth, why not change this degree?
Run with the horse and guide my husband first.
The purity of the past three times is where the public is;
How can you be a husband with the miscellaneous use of pepper and fungus?
Peter Yaoshun's Geng Jiexi, both by the way and by the way;
He is arrogant, and her husband has only the embarrassment of taking shortcuts;
However, couples steal happiness, and the road is dangerous;
I am afraid of the rest of my body and Huang Yu's defeat;
Suddenly ran to Xi, and the heel of the former king;
I don't care about my feelings, I am angry because I am greedy;
Gu Yu knew it was painful, but he couldn't give up.
Refers to the positive nine days, zork;
At the beginning, I talked to Yu Chengyan and regretted having him;
It is not difficult for me to leave my husband, and it is difficult to quantify my practice.
I am not only the nine of Zilan, but also a hundred-acre tree;
If you want to stay abroad and expose the bottom of the car, you should mix with local chronicles;
Hebei has lush foliage, so I wish I could cut the mountain (sound "four");
Although it is withered, it is a pain, mourning the filth of the public;
Everyone is greedy and eager to seek;
Forgive yourself for being in Qiang and being jealous of each other;
That's not what I'm worried about.
Old Ran Ran came, and he was afraid that his name would not stand;
Drink Mulan in the morning and dew in the evening, and autumn chrysanthemum in the evening;
If you are full of affection and trust (sound "kua"), it hurts when it grows (salty).
Tie a knot with the root of the wood and thread it into the falling core of Ficus pumila;
Correct the bacteria and seek Hu Sheng's [Li Li] [Li Li] (sound "suo");
I used to ask my husband to practice, not a secular service;
Although I am not good at modern people, I hope to follow Peng Xian's legacy!
Take a long breath to hide your tears and mourn the hardships of people's lives;
Although I am good at repairing clothes, I am embarrassed by it and eager to change it;
Not only for surplus, but also for surplus;
My heart is also good, although I die nine times without regret;
Many women have moth-eyebrow disease, and they say that I am good at prostitution;
The custom is clever and the rules are corrected;
Chasing Song with rope ink and competing with Zhou Rong;
I am so poor, so poor at this time.
I'd rather die in exile, but I can't bear it;
Raptors are not crowded, since past lives;
Where is the ability to be around, the husband is different and peaceful;
Curse one's heart and suppress one's ambition, endure especially and be angry;
Be innocent, die straight, and be thicker than the former sanctuary.
Regret not keeping the way, and rebel after a delay;
Only when I get back to my car can I get back to the road, and the journey is not far away;
Step by step, the horse is in Xi, Gao Lan, and Jiaoshan does not stop;
I'll leave you if I can't get in. If you retreat, you will resume your original service.
Take lotus flowers as clothes and hibiscus as clothes;
I don't know that it's embarrassing, and I feel that I believe it;
Gao Guan Yu is in danger, and Yulong is off the ground;
Party, Ze miscellaneous, but no loss;
If you suddenly swim back, you will see four shortages;
Pei Huamei's ornaments, Fang Feifei's seals;
People's livelihood is different, I am used to repairing;
Although my body has not changed, I can't punish my heart.
Chen Yuan, a female concubine (pronounced "Xu"), declared that she was interested in saying:
"Gun" (sound "lucky") died, but finally died in the wilderness of feathers;
You like to practice, you are unique in this festival;
Ho (sound "word") Ho, Ho, Ho, Ho, Ho, Ho, Ho.
Everyone can't talk about it, it's a cloud review;
The world is a good friend at the same time, and the husband does not listen. "
According to the former sages, I am happy in the festival, and I am sincere in my heart;
Jiyuan, south of Zheng Xiang, made a statement to Zhong Hua:
Initiate "Nine Debates" and "Nine Songs", and form a system of entertainment;
Regardless of the difficulty (tone removal), Wuzi used the home lane;
It is good to kill a fox and seal a fox.
Solid turbulence will eventually lead to its freshness and greed for her husband's family;
Being drenched naked is better than a dime a dozen, and I can't bear it;
On the day of recreation, I forgot myself and lost my head with my husband.
Xia Jie continues to invade Xi, but how to meet the disaster next;
After Xin Qiji, Yin Zong didn't take long;
Tang Yu is just respectful, and Zhou is not bad;
Empowering with talent, but not quite with rope ink;
God is selfless, and it is wrong to support people's morality;
Fu Wei sage came down to earth with this;
Look ahead, look at people;
The husband is unjust and available, but the husband is not good and can serve;
He died in danger, but he didn't regret it at first;
Don't measure the chisel, but it should be correct and fixed before. "
I am sad when I am sad;
Hug like wisdom and hide tears, touch the waves of Yujin.
Kneeling down to express his position, Geng Wu has a positive position;
Qiu used "righteousness" in business politics;
The dynasty began in Cangwu Xi and went to Huxian Park in the evening.
If you want to stay less energetic, the day will suddenly turn to dusk;
My life is cautious, looking forward to it, running it;
Ruman Manqi Xiu Yuan Xi, I will search up and down;
The salty pool drinks more than one horse, and the rest is always on the hibiscus;
Blow the sun when the wood breaks, and chat with the sheep;
Wang Qian