The Battle of Kinmen, called the Battle of Guningtou by the authorities of Taiwan Province Province, was a battle that took place during the Second Civil War.
China People's Liberation Army entered Fujian in early July, 1949, and was in charge of the 10th Corps of the 3rd Field Army (Sanye). The commander of the 10th Corps is Ye Fei, who has successively launched campaigns in Fuzhou, Pingtan Island, Zhang Xia and Kinmen.
Mao Zedong announced the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) in Beijing. After the Kuomintang army Tang abandoned Xiamen on June 7th 10, General Ye Fei allocated 32 PLA ships to 28, and decided to concentrate on attacking Dajinmen. However, due to the shortage of ships, the date has been postponed again and again. Finally,1On the night of June 24th, 949, he decided to order the PLA landing troops to cross the sea to attack Dajinmen. As a result, they fought hard on the island for three days and nights.
[Edit this paragraph] Activity preparation
The People's Liberation Army captured the cities in northern Fujian and southern Fujian in a whirlwind way, but its main weakness lies in the inexperience of the navy and the lack of sea and air cover.
Before June 1949, Kuomintang troops had no defenses at all on Kinmen Island. It was not until mid-June that the "Xiamen Fortress Command" set up the main station of the Golden Gate Fortress and began to build fortifications and lay communication lines on the island.
Since August, with the development of the war in Fujian, the Kuomintang army began to gradually strengthen the defense of Kinmen. First of all, in early August, the 22nd Corps of Kuomintang Army led troops to Jinmen area, in which the Corps, 25th Army Command and 45th Division guarded Dajinmen, 5th Army Command and 20th Division guarded Xiaojinmen, and 40th Division guarded Daxie Island.
On September 3rd, the 20th 1 Division Command, 60th1Regiment, 602nd Regiment (603rd Regiment was transferred to Mawei, Fujian) and 3rd Regiment of Chariot1Battalion (less than 2 companies) of the 80th Youth Army of the Kuomintang Army served as the Golden Gate defense. Among them, 20 1 division is under the command of teacher Zheng Guo. After being trained by Sun Liren, Taiwan Province, he served as the first line of defense in western Shanxi, and his posts and equipment were neater than those of the 22nd Corps. In mid-September, the Fifth Army (subordinate to 166 Division) returned to the 22nd Corps to serve as the defense of the Little Golden Gate.
Chiang Kai-shek and Chen Cheng, the southeast military and political chief, saw that Zhangzhou had been lost and the defenders of Jinmen were not strong enough, so they sent Luo, the deputy chief, to Shantou to contact the 12 th Corps to replace the 22 nd Corps to defend Jinmen. Hu Corps originally belonged to Guangzhou combat sequence, while the 12th Corps only had two armies on the supply list of the Ministry of National Defense, but the Corps actually had three armies, so it was transferred to Jinmen as an unknown army, and the two divisions of the 18th Army (11th Division and 118th Division), (subordinate to the 43rd Division) and the Corps Department were transferred from Chaoshan in June 5438+October 65438+June 5438+04. Li Liangrong, commander of the 22nd Corps, was temporarily in command until all the 12th Corps arrived to take over the defense. 10 10 19, the 19th Army of Liu Department (under the jurisdiction of 13th Division, 14th Division and 18th Division) was ordered to transfer to Kinmen on the evening of 22nd. Due to the inefficient connection, half of the troops were not transported ashore until the evening of the 24 th.
Since Sanye crossed the river, there has been no resistance from the Kuomintang army, and a sense of pride has overwhelmed the landing troops, without paying attention to various hidden dangers of crossing the sea, such as the shortage of ships. In addition, the information is invalid. In the Battle of Daxie Island and Xiaodengdao, it has been found that the captured Kuomintang troops have been captured by the 1 1 division, the main force of Hu Lian Corps, but the person in charge still thinks that the defenders want to escape and suspects that the confession is unreliable. The offensive force of the People's Liberation Army is the 28th Army under the 10 Corps, with more than 9,000 people in three regiments.
On June 5th, 65438+ 10, the PLA occupied Guangzhou, and on June 7th, 65438+ 10, Xiamen abandoned its garrison. On the morning of 25th 1: 30, the PLA began to land in Kinmen.
[Edit this paragraph] After the battle,
The Quaker's name for Sunday
65438+1At 9: 00 pm on October 24th, the first step of the PLA, the 244th Regiment of the 84th Division of the 28th Army, the 25/kloc-0 Regiment of the 84th Division of the 28th Army, the 253rd Regiment of the 85th Division of 29 army and the 3rd Battalion of the 246th Regiment of the 82nd Division of the 28th Army, respectively, completed the boarding. They were scheduled to land in the middle of Kinmen, and moved forward to split Kinmen in two. Kinmen county Guningtou War History Museum
The tide drifted westward and reached Longkou, Housha and Guningtou at around 1 30 in the early morning of 25th. In order to cover the landing, the PLA artillery began to shell Guan 'ao, Xiyuan, Guanyinge Mountain and Guning on the north shore of Jinmen from the big and small ridges, but the PLA artillery firepower on the other side was limited. After the people's liberation army landed, the organizational system was extremely chaotic and it was impossible to fight in an organized way, but it was still able to fight on its own and rushed to the shore. The 244th regiment of the People's Liberation Army, which first landed in Longkou, suffered heavy casualties in armored forces. The 25 1 regiment made a breakthrough landing at Guningtou, and the 253 regiment made a breakthrough landing at the end of the lake. At this time, General Ye Fei of the People's Liberation Army received a report of successful landing, thinking that victory was in sight. However, because he was not familiar with the ebb and flow of the tides, all the boats rushing to the beach were stuck on the beach.
The Kuomintang chariots "Golden Gate Bear" M5A 1 and Chen Jinmen Bear (American M5A 1 light tank) participating in the campaign are listed in the Guningtou War History Museum. The Kuomintang Navy minesweeper No.202 and Nan 'an No.2 shelled the stranded PLA ships and troops in the northwest waters of Guningtou at about 3 o'clock. After dawn, none of more than 100 PLA ships returned, and the second step of reinforcement looked at the other side of the sea and sighed.
18 Army Commander Gao Kuiyuan commanded 1 18 Division (belonging to the 352nd Regiment) to attack the People's Liberation Army with the third company attached to the chariot (belonging to a platoon). The18th Division of the19th Army, whose troops have landed in Qionglin, is also under the command of the senior commander of the18th Army. The 53rd Division, under the command of Li Yuncheng, commander of the Fifth Army, turned to Xiaojinmen for landing. 19 army commander Liu got in touch with Shen Xiangkui, commander of the 25th army, and commanded 14 division (belonging to 40th regiment) and 13 division to advance northward from Houpu, Jinmen, to join the People's Liberation Army fleeing from Putou and south, and to actively advance to Guningtou. In addition, all mortars of the 40th Division were assigned to the14th Division to strengthen its firepower. Chen Zhenwei, the battalion commander of the chariot battalion, arranged two rows of chariots for the reserve team and went to Qionglin for standby.
On the 25th, the 244th Regiment of the People's Liberation Army once occupied Shuangru Mountain and was defeated by the armored forces of the National Army at dawn. The 253rd Regiment of the People's Liberation Army, which landed at the bottom of the lake, occupied Guanyin Mountain and the highland at the bottom of the lake and was forced to retreat at noon on the 25th. The 25th1Regiment of the People's Liberation Army rushed out of the encirclement, advanced towards Guningtou, and stuck to Lincuo, which was strongly countered by the 1st14th Division of the National Army and the 8th Division of the National Army. Colonel Li Guangqian, head of the 1st14th Division of the National Army, who was in charge of counterattacking Guningtou, was killed.
the next day
In the early morning of 26th, Yu Sun Xiu, head of the 246th regiment, led two companies of the regiment and two companies of the 85th division of the PLA to reinforce the PLA. The 246 regiment landed at the bottom of the lake; The other two companies landed at Guningtou.
At dawn, two companies of the 246th Regiment broke through the tight encirclement, and at the meeting of the People's Liberation Army held there in Guningtou, at 6: 30 in the morning, Gao Kuiyuan, commander of the 1st18th Kuomintang Army, commanded a counterattack, and the118th Division attacked Lincuo from the coastline north of Putou. Lincang fought fiercely because the PLA counterattacked according to permanent fortifications. At nine o'clock, the National Revolutionary Army Air Force took turns bombing and shooting. The people's liberation army took street fighting, and the fighting between the two sides was fierce. At 12, Kuomintang troops captured Lincuo, and at 15, they captured Nanshan. At eleven o'clock, Luo, deputy director of the southeast military and political chief's office, led the commander of the 12 th Corps to the Golden Gate battlefield and took over as commander.
The Kuomintang army invaded Beishan at 15, and Li Shulan, the division commander of 1 18, replaced the 352 regiment with the 353 regiment and continued to attack with the chariot. Command post of China People's Liberation Army in Jinmen Campaign
the third day
At midnight, the PLA ran out of ammunition and food and broke through to the seaside. 1300 people were trapped on the beach under the cliff north of Guningtou. On the morning of the 27th, the national army stormed, killing more than 400 people, and the rest surrendered. At 10 in the morning, the battle of Guningtou officially ended. On the morning of the 27th, about 30 people from the 3rd Company of the 259th Regiment of the People's Liberation Army arrived at the north bank of Guningtou by motorboat. After landing, they were all captured by the Kuomintang army.
It is reported that Xiao Feng, deputy commander of the 28th Army of the People's Liberation Army, and Li Mancun, director of the Political Department, wept bitterly at Ye Fei. Ye Fei reported to Chen Yi, commander of the East China Military Region, and the Central Military Commission, requesting disciplinary action.
The fighting in Kinmen didn't subside until 28th, and sporadic fighting lasted longer. In addition, Xu Bo, the head of the 253rd Regiment, who insisted on fighting for the longest time on Kinmen Island, has been hiding in the cave of Mount Wutai in the north since he broke through the tight encirclement and entered the eastern mountainous area on the evening of 26th, waiting for the second landing of the People's Liberation Army. It was not until June of 1950 and June of 65438+ 10, that is, three months after the end of the Battle of Kinmen, that prisoners of war were discovered by the Kuomintang army.
[Edit this paragraph] Loss of both parties
The PLA made three landings at the Battle of Guningtou. The first batch is1the evening of October 24th 10, 244th Regiment of the 82nd Division of the 28th Army, 25 1 Regiment of the 84th Division of the 28th Army, 253rd Regiment of the 85th Division of 29 army, 3rd Battalion of the 246th Regiment of the 82nd Division of the 28th Army, and ten organizational battalions. 10 year 1 on the evening of October 25th, the second batch was 246 regiments of 82nd division of 28th Army/2 companies and 2 platoons of kloc-0/battalion, as well as more than 30 combat backbones (* * * more than 300 people) transferred from the whole regiment and more than 200 combat backbones of 3 battalions of 259th division of 87th division of 29 army (in fact, there are/kloc on the island). On the evening of October 26th, 65438/KLOC-0, the third batch consisted of more than 30 people (helping the wounded to retreat) from the 259th Regiment of the 87th Division of 29 army, including about 350 boatmen and civilian workers.
Most of the landing troops of the People's Liberation Army died, and only 3,900 people survived and surrendered, including 6 battalion commanders, 5 company commanders and 1 commanders. Most of them were sent to Taichung Gancheng Barracks for freshman training. Other ranks are higher, such as Liu Tianxiang, the head of the 25 1 regiment, who was transported back by plane. According to the national war history, 7364 soldiers were captured, specifically, 20 1 division captured 1495 soldiers, 1 18 division captured 3204 soldiers, and1/division captured 735 soldiers. These two statements are quite different.
According to the history of the People's Liberation Army, more than 9,000 people were killed or injured, while the history of the national army claimed that 1267 people were killed, 1982 people were injured and 3,249 people were * * *. The highest officer killed was Colonel Li Guangqian, head of the 42nd Regiment of the 19 Army 14 Division. However, in 1953, China Province collected 4,500 bodies of people who died in the three battles of Jinmen, Dadan and Rinan Island, among which the scale of the battles of Dadan and Rinan Island was far less than that of Guningtou, and it can be roughly estimated that the death toll of the Kuomintang troops in Guningtou was about 3,500 (combined with the 1267 announced by the Kuomintang army itself).
[Edit this paragraph] Impact
After the People's Liberation Army crossed the river, the Kuomintang army was defeated like a mountain. The scale of the Guningtou campaign is not large, only a divisional scale, but its far-reaching influence is far from being comparable to an ordinary divisional scale campaign.
It is precisely because of the people's liberation army's disastrous defeat in the battle of Guningtou and the defeat in the landing operation on the island on 16543813 October that the people's liberation army deeply realized the arduousness of the landing operation, and actively strengthened the construction of the navy and air force, instead of daring to launch the landing operation by the army alone as in the past. Fortunately, the Kuomintang army has this precious victory, otherwise it is doomed to failure. Chen Cheng called it: "It is the first big nail that the * * * army has encountered since crossing the river"; And Li Zongren said:
The situation is very urgent, Taipei Chief Chen resigned as Brother Xiu:
The defenders of Jinmen fought bravely and gave them a heavy executioner. The good news is encouraging. My brother Du Dong commanded very well, and the soldiers comforted them with their lives. I hope I can command the award, find out the meritorious soldiers, report them to the Ministry of National Defense and reward them separately. I hope to make persistent efforts and make great achievements.
Li Zongren
The failure of the Battle of Golden Gate reminded Mao Zedong of the difficulty in crossing the sea. Therefore, in the later battle of Hainan Island, the Fourth Field Army attached great importance to cross-sea operations.