Most patients and their families are confused about the nutritional needs and diet of fracture patients, and often consult doctors.
In fact, fracture patients may have mild systemic symptoms in the first few days, but most patients have no systemic symptoms in the rest of the time. Therefore, similar to the daily diet of ordinary healthy people, it is enough to choose a variety of nutritious diets. Pay attention to make food easy to digest and absorb, and use spicy products (pepper, raw onion, mustard, pepper) that have bad stimulation to respiratory tract and digestive tract with caution. When systemic symptoms are obvious, so-called soft meals should be given between normal diet and semi-liquid diet. The food to be served must contain less dregs and be easy to chew and digest. When cooking, it must be chopped and cooked until soft, which is not suitable for frying and frying.
These are the general dietary principles of fracture patients. In order to promote fracture healing faster and better, fracture patients should also give different foods according to the early, middle and late stages of fracture healing and the development of the disease, so as to promote hematoma absorption or callus formation.
△ Early stage (1-2 weeks): swelling and blood stasis at the injured part, obstruction of meridians and qi and blood. At present, the treatment is mainly to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. Chinese medicine believes that "blood stasis does not remove, bones do not grow" and "blood stasis removes, new bones grow". It can be seen that detumescence and blood circulation are the most important factors for fracture healing. In principle, the diet is light, such as vegetables, eggs, bean products, fruits, fish soup and lean meat. Don't eat sour, hot and greasy, especially don't give greasy and nourishing products too early, such as bone soup, fat chicken and stewed fish. Otherwise, blood stasis will be stagnant and difficult to dissipate, which will inevitably delay the course of disease, slow down the growth of callus and affect the recovery of joint function in the future. At this stage, the diet can be stewed with Panax notoginseng 10g, Angelica sinensis 10g, pigeon 1g and * * * until cooked, and the soup and meat go hand in hand, once a day for 7-1 0 days.
△ Mid-term (2-4 weeks): Blood stasis and swelling are partially absorbed. The treatment at this stage is mainly to relieve pain, remove blood stasis, promote tissue regeneration, set bones and continue tendons. Diet should be changed from light to appropriate high nutrition supplement to meet the needs of callus growth. You can add bone soup, Tianqi stewed chicken and animal liver to the initial diet to supplement more vitamins A, D, calcium and protein. Dietotherapy can use Angelica sinensis 10g, Rhizoma Drynariae 15g, Radix Dipsaci 10g, fresh pork chop or beef sparerib 250g, stew for more than 1h, and add soup meat for 2 weeks.
△ Late stage (more than 5 weeks): 5 weeks after the injury, the congestion at the fracture site is basically absorbed, and the callus has begun to grow, which is the late stage of the fracture. Treatment should be supplemented by nourishing liver and kidney, qi and blood, promoting the formation of firmer callus, relaxing tendons and activating collaterals, making the adjacent joints of fracture move freely and restoring their former functions. Taboo can be lifted in diet, and recipes can be supplemented with old hen soup, pig bone soup, sheep bone soup, deer tendon soup, stewed water fish and so on. You can choose Eucommia ulmoides wine, Spatholobus suberectus wine, Tiger Bone papaya wine, etc. Dietary therapy can use Lycium barbarum 10g, Rhizoma Drynariae 10g, Radix Dipsaci 10g and Coicis Semen 50g. Stir-fry Rhizoma Drynariae and Radix Dipsaci to remove residue, and then add the remaining two kinds of boiled porridge to eat. Daily 1 time, 7 days for 1 course of treatment. Every 1 treatment interval is 3-5 days, and 3-4 treatments can be used.
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food therapy
1 prescription is suitable for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
Party B: pork bone1000g, soybean 250g. Simmer with water, season with salt and ginger, and share.
Third party: Wash pig spine, red dates 120g, lotus seeds 90g, Dalbergia odorifera 9g, raw licorice 9g, simmer with water, season with ginger and salt, and drink it several times.
Party 4: 2 fresh lake crab, take meat (with yellow color), when the japonica rice porridge is cooked, add crab meat, and then add some ginger, vinegar and soy sauce to eat.
1 black rooster (about 500g) in Formula 5 was peeled, washed, sliced with 5g of Panax notoginseng, added with a little yellow wine, boiled in water, dipped in soy sauce when cooked, and eaten regularly.
Formula 6 Raw Astragalus membranaceus 30 ~ 60g, decocted to get juice, added with japonica rice 100g, boiled porridge, and taken in the morning and evening.
Formula 7: 20g of Angelica sinensis, 0/00g of Astragalus membranaceus and 0/00g of tender hen. Add water and make soup.
Formula 8 50g of Salvia Miltiorrhiza is washed, boiled and juice is taken. The juice is made of 1000g pig long bones and 250g soybeans. After cooking, add a little cinnamon and salt.
500 grams of 9 raw crabs were mashed, washed with 250 grams of hot yellow wine, and the residue was applied to the affected area for about half a day. "Take what you need" sounds good. Used for fractures.
Taboo food
(1) Don't blindly supplement calcium, which is an important raw material for bones. Some people think that calcium supplementation after fracture can accelerate fracture healing. However, scientific research has found that increasing calcium intake can not accelerate fracture healing, and there is a potential danger of increasing blood calcium and decreasing blood phosphorus for fracture patients who have been in bed for a long time. This is the result of long-term bed rest, on the one hand, it inhibits the absorption and utilization of calcium, on the other hand, it increases the reabsorption of calcium by renal tubules. Therefore, for patients with fractures, there is no calcium deficiency in the body. As long as we strengthen functional exercise and exercise as soon as possible according to the condition and the doctor's instructions, we can promote the absorption and utilization of calcium by bones and accelerate the healing of fractures. Especially for patients lying in bed after fracture, blindly supplementing calcium is not only useless, but also harmful.
(2) Avoid eating more meat and bones. Some people think that eating more meat and bones after a fracture can make the fracture heal as soon as possible. Actually, it's not. Modern medicine has repeatedly proved that patients with fractures who eat more meat and bones will not heal early, but will delay the healing time of fractures. The reason is that bone regeneration after injury mainly depends on the action of periosteum and bone marrow, and it can play a better role only when bone collagen is increased, while the components of meat and bone are mainly phosphorus and calcium. If a large amount of intake after fracture, it will promote the increase of inorganic components in bone, leading to imbalance of organic matter in bone, so it will hinder the early healing of fracture. However, fresh meat and bone soup is delicious and has the effect of stimulating appetite. It doesn't matter if you eat less.
(3) Patients with partial eclipse fractures are often accompanied by local edema, congestion, bleeding, muscle tissue damage, etc. The body itself has the ability to resist and repair these, and the raw materials for repairing tissues, growing bones, forming callus, removing blood stasis and reducing swelling are all kinds of nutrients. It can be seen that the key to ensuring the smooth healing of fractures is nutrition.
(4) Avoid indigestible things. Fracture patients often lose their appetite and sometimes have constipation because of fixed plaster or splint, limited activity, swelling and pain of the wound and mental anxiety. Therefore, food should be nutritious, easy to digest and relax, avoid foods that are prone to flatulence or indigestion, such as sweet potatoes, taro, glutinous rice, etc., and eat more fruits and vegetables.
(5) Patients with bed fractures, especially those with fractures of spine, pelvis and lower limbs, should avoid drinking less water. It's inconvenient to move. So try to drink less water and reduce the number of urination. Although the number of urination has decreased, it has also caused more trouble. If bedridden patients have less activities, weakened intestinal peristalsis and reduced drinking water, it is easy to cause constipation. Long-term bed rest and urinary retention can also easily induce urinary calculi and urinary tract infections. Therefore, patients with bed fracture need to drink water if they want, so there is no need to worry.
(6) Avoid eating too much sugar. After a large amount of sugar is ingested, it will cause the rapid metabolism of glucose, thus producing metabolic intermediates such as pyruvate and lactic acid, which will make the body in a state of acidosis. At this time, alkaline calcium, magnesium and sodium plasma will be mobilized immediately to participate in neutralization to prevent the blood from being acidic. Such a large amount of calcium consumption will not be conducive to the rehabilitation of fracture patients. At the same time, too much sugar will also reduce the content of vitamin B 1 in the body, because vitamin B 1 is an essential substance when sugar is converted into energy in the body. Insufficient vitamin B 1 will greatly reduce the activity ability of nerves and muscles, and also affect the recovery of function. Therefore, patients with fractures should avoid eating too much sugar.
(7) Avoid taking Sanqi tablets for a long time. At the initial stage of fracture, there was local internal bleeding, stagnation of blood stasis, swelling and pain. At this time, taking Sanqi tablets can contract local blood vessels, shorten coagulation time and increase thrombin, which is very suitable. But after a week of fracture healing, the bleeding has stopped and the damaged tissue has begun to repair, and the repair must have a large amount of blood supply. If you continue to take Sanqi tablets, the local blood vessels will be in a state of contraction, and the blood circulation will be blocked, which is not conducive to fracture healing.
(8) It is forbidden to drink sherbet when fracture occurs.
Fracture is different from common skin trauma, and the healing time of hard bone is relatively long, ranging from 1 month to more than half a year. After setting a position in the hospital, it is often necessary to continue to recuperate and recover at home. It is particularly important to do a good job in home care and promote healing.
"Food is the most important thing for the people", and so are fracture patients. It is very important for fracture patients to eat well in family nursing.
Although most fractures have no visceral injury, due to trauma or surgery, rest all day, reduced exercise, disrupted the original life rules, and may have a bad appetite, which is more obvious in a short time after injury. Elderly patients and people with weak constitution or poor psychological endurance are more likely to occur. On the basis of psychological nursing, more efforts should be made in the patient's diet pattern and preparation, so as to achieve rich nutrition and good color, smell and taste to stimulate appetite. If the arm movement is inconvenient, you have to feed it. Eat more vegetables rich in vitamin C, such as tomatoes, amaranth, green vegetables, cabbage, carrots, etc., to promote the growth of fibrous callus and wound healing.
Bones are extremely hard, mainly composed of organic and inorganic substances. Among inorganic substances, calcium accounts for the largest proportion. 99% of calcium in human body is concentrated in bones. After an injured fracture, people will naturally think of letting the wounded eat more calcium to speed up the healing. I don't know when bone soup became the best tonic for fracture patients. However, according to medical experience and experimental research, there is no evidence that fracture patients need extra calcium supplementation. After fracture, the local blood circulation of the injured part is disturbed, the tissue is acidic, and decalcification can occur at the fracture end. However, the released calcium is not transported and excreted, but dissolved around. When the local traumatic inflammation returns to normal, it will be deposited as the main material to repair the fracture.
According to the recent research results, patients with fractures need to be supplemented with trace elements such as zinc, iron and manganese. Some of these elements participate in the formation of enzymes in human metabolic activities, and some are raw materials for synthesizing collagen and myoglobin. After determination, the serum concentration of the above substances in patients with fracture decreased significantly. Therefore, proper supplementation in the early stage of fracture may be beneficial to healing. Animal liver, seafood, soybeans, sunflower seeds and mushrooms contain high zinc content; Animal liver, eggs, beans, green leafy vegetables and wheat flour contain more iron. Cereals, mustard, egg yolk and cheese contain more manganese, so patients with fractures can eat more appropriately. In addition, you can also take drugs containing these substances.
At the early stage of fracture, due to anxiety and inactivity, qi stagnation can not be pushed, and constipation often occurs, which is more common in bedridden patients. It is advisable to eat more vegetables containing more cellulose, bananas and honey to promote defecation.
Fracture patients do not need "taboo" and there are no special restrictions on diet. But one thing that needs special mention is not to smoke. Notorious cigarettes are associated with many diseases, including heart disease and cancer, and will damage the healing ability of skin wounds.