The treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer includes radiotherapy alone, surgery alone, surgery plus radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Early hypopharyngeal cancer can be treated by radiotherapy alone or surgery alone, and the curative effect of surgery alone is better than radiotherapy alone. However, for patients with stage ⅲ and ⅳ, comprehensive treatment should be taken. At present, it is generally believed that surgery plus radiotherapy is the most effective treatment method in comprehensive treatment, and its curative effect is obviously better than radiotherapy alone and surgery alone.

1. Radiotherapy only applies to T 1 lesions suitable for tumor localization. Radiotherapy can be used as palliative treatment for those who cannot be operated because of surgical contraindications. The 5-year survival rate of hypopharyngeal cancer after radiotherapy alone is 10% ~ 20%.

In comprehensive treatment, preoperative radiotherapy or postoperative radiotherapy can be chosen according to everyone's habits. The preoperative radiotherapy dose was 40 ~ 50 Gy, and the operation was performed after 2 ~ 4 weeks' rest. Those who advocate preoperative radiotherapy believe that preoperative radiotherapy can eliminate subclinical lesions outside the surgical resection line, control metastatic lymph nodes in the surgical field, reduce tumor infiltration, block microvessels and lymphatic vessels in the tumor bed, reduce the number of living tumor cells in the tumor, increase the chance of surgical resection, avoid intraoperative tumor implantation and improve the survival rate of patients. The disadvantage of preoperative radiotherapy is that it blurs the original boundary of tumor, increases the difficulty of accurate tumor resection and affects wound healing. Advocates of postoperative radiotherapy believe that the solid tumor has been removed by surgery and the scope of the lesion is well known. In the implementation of postoperative radiotherapy, for highly suspected parts, concentrated small target areas can be irradiated, and a higher dose can be given than before operation. Postoperative radiotherapy can not only eliminate the cancer cells falling off during operation, but also eliminate the subclinical lesions in regional lymph nodes, and can also be used as a remedial measure to treat patients with tumor infiltration at the margin confirmed by postoperative pathology. The postoperative radiotherapy dose was 60 ~ 70 Gy.

2. Whether adjuvant chemotherapy can improve the 5-year survival rate of hypopharyngeal cancer chemotherapy is still inconclusive. Palliative chemotherapy has a certain effect on advanced and recurrent tumors, but the onset time is short. In recent years, some scholars advocate induced chemotherapy, that is, giving impulsive chemicals before surgery or radiotherapy to shrink or eliminate tumors, and then performing surgery or radiotherapy, so as to achieve the purpose of not only facilitating surgical resection, preventing tumor implantation during surgery, but also reducing tumor recurrence and metastasis and improving patient survival rate. The drugs used are methotrexate, bleomycin, vincristine and 5- fluorouracil. The effect of single chemotherapy drugs is poor, and at present, combined drugs are advocated.

3. Surgical treatment.

4. immunotherapy.