1, Huang taiji
Huang taiji (1592165438+1October 28th-1643 September 2nd1), also translated by Huang taiji and Hong Taizhu. Nurhachi, the eighth son of Aisingiorro, the emperor of Qing Dynasty, was an outstanding strategist and politician in the early Qing Dynasty, the second great Khan in the late Jin Dynasty, and the founding emperor of Qing Dynasty.
Huang taiji has been hunting and fighting with his father and brother since he was a teenager, and he is skilled in riding and shooting. After the death of Nurhachi in the 11th year of Destiny (1626), Huang Taiji was elected as Khan, and the next year was the first year of Congcong.
After Huang taiji ascended the throne, he carried out drastic feudal reforms and strengthened centralization; Strategically, we should conquer Korea and Monan Mongolia first and lift the strategic policy of attacking Ming Dynasty. For the Ming Dynasty, it adopted the suggestion of Han people to demote officials and established the policy of "striving for self-improvement through harmony". Reuse the Han generals and weaken the strength of the Ming Dynasty, aiming at entering the customs and seizing the national political power.
In the first year of Chongde (1636), he proclaimed himself emperor in Shengjing (present-day Shenyang), with the founding name of Qing Dynasty, forcing Li Han to submit to Qing Dynasty. Hong Chengchou was captured in Jin Song War in the seventh year of Chongde (1642). Since then, the elite of the Ming dynasty has been lost, and the Ningjin defense line has completely collapsed. It has become an inevitable trend for the Qing army to enter the customs.
In the eighth year of Chongde (1643), Huang Taiji died suddenly on the eve of the Qing army's entry into Shanhaiguan, failing to realize his long-cherished wish to seize the national political power.
/kloc-Huang taiji ascended the throne in 0/7. During his reign, he developed production, strengthened his troops and constantly fought against the Ming Dynasty, which laid a solid foundation for the rapid expansion of the Qing Dynasty into the Central Plains in the next stage.
The name of the temple was Taizong, and posthumous title was Emperor Wendi of Daoxian County, Yingtian Xingguo Hongde Zhangwu Kuanwenren Shengrui Xiaominlong. He was buried in Zhaoling, and his nine sons succeeded him after his death.
2. Nurhachi
Qing Taizu Aixinjue Luo Nurhachi (1February 2, 5591-1September 30, 626), the founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the founding king of the late Jin Dynasty, was fluent in Manchu and Chinese, and liked reading Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
At the age of twenty-five, he began to unify the ministries of Jurchen. In the forty-fourth year of Ming Shenzong Wanli (16 16), Nurhachi called Khan in Hetuala, established the post-Jin Dynasty, and established the separatist regime in Liaodong, thus establishing Yuan's fate. After the Battle of Salhu, he moved to Shenyang. After that, it swept Liaodong, and the Ming Dynasty captured more than 70 cities in Liaoning.
In the eleventh year of the mandate of heaven (1626), the battle of Ningyuan City was defeated. In April of the same year, Nurhachi led a large army to levy Halka in Mongolia. On August 1 1, Nurhachi died of illness and was buried in Fuling, Shenyang. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, he was honored as the Qing Taizu, and also called: Emperor Anye Dinggao of Shengde Renji Section of Chengtian Guangyun.
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Shengjing Sanling:
The Three Tombs of Shengjing (Yongling, Zhaoling and Fuling), also known as the Three Tombs of Northeast China, are located in Liaoning Province and are the ancestral tombs that created the royal family foundation of Manchu Dynasty. The Three Tombs of Shengjing, together with the Qing Dongling and Qing Xiling, which have been listed in the World Heritage List, constitute a group of tombs system of the Qing Dynasty, which condenses the history of the Qing Dynasty.
Fuling is the mausoleum of Nuerhachi, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and the first imperial mausoleum named by the Qing Dynasty. Lingqu is located in the northeast of Shenyang 1 1 km, covering an area of nearly 540,000 square meters, with 32 existing ancient buildings (groups).
Fuling was founded in the third year of Tiancong in the late Jin Dynasty (A.D. 1629) and completed in the eighth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 165 1). It was built by Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong, and it has today's scale.
The mausoleum faces the Hunhe River and is backed by Tianzhu Mountain, which is surrounded by water, with deep grass and dense forests and beautiful scenery. To visit this mausoleum, you must climb 108 stone steps from Zhenghongmen to the stele building. With the ups and downs of the slope, the buildings are more scattered and magnificent.
Zhaoling is the mausoleum of Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty and his empress, and it is the largest and most well-preserved of the three tombs in Shengjing. Because it is located at the northern end of Shenyang, it is also called Beiling.
Zhaoling was founded in the eighth year of Chongde in Qing Dynasty (AD 1643) and completed in the same year as Ganling. It was added by Kangxi and Jiaqing, with an area of nearly 480,000 square meters and 38 existing ancient buildings (groups).
Zhaoling is built on the flat ground, surrounded by dazzling city walls, much like a small town. The main buildings are built on the central axis, from south to north: Shenqiao, Pailou, Zhenghongmen, Beiting, Long 'en Gate, Long 'en Hall, Minglou and Baoding.
The Long 'en Hall in the center of Fangcheng is based on beautifully carved granite steps, with a yellow glazed tile roof, painted beams and red walls inlaid with gold plaques. There is the Dragon Gate in front, the Ming Building in the back, the attached halls on the left and right, and the turrets on the four corners, just like the stars arching the moon, which is extremely magnificent.
The northern end of Fangcheng is Baocheng, which is crescent-shaped. The name of the city is Baoding, and the underground tomb is under the city. Climbing to the top of the treasure mountain, looking around, surrounded by green trees, the scenery is quiet, just like being in an urban forest.
Yongling is the smallest of the three tombs in Shengjing, with an area of only 1. 1 000 square meters, but it ranks first among the three tombs. Yongling was founded in 1598, which is the ancestral tomb of Manchu royal family. It is located in Yongling Town, 2 1 km west of Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province.
Nurhachi's sixth ancestor Timur, great-grandfather Fuman, great-grandfather Jue Chang 'an, father Taksh and uncle Litton, uncle Tacha Piangu and their Fujin are all buried in the mausoleum.
The Mausoleum Palace consists of Ma Xia Monument, Qiangong Courtyard, Fangcheng, Baocheng, Provincial Sacrificial Place, Ice Kiln and Fruit Building. The Yun Qi Mountain stands behind the screen, the Perilla River floats in front of the mausoleum with jade belts, and the Chimney Mountain on the other side of the river echoes the distant Yun Qi Mountain, making the Yongling Mountain surrounded by mountains look very majestic.
The Qing court regarded Yongling as "the land of Evonne Longteng", so the incense was endless all the year round. Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Qianlong, Emperor Jiaqing and Emperor Daoguang visited Yongling nine times, which made the ancestor worship in Yongling a national system in Qing Dynasty.
Baidu encyclopedia-Shenyang Dongling
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhaoling