Urban agriculture
edit
The concept of "urban agriculture" was first put forward by some American economists in the 1950s and 1960s. Urban agriculture refers to the agriculture located in the city and its extension, which closely relies on and serves the city. It is a modern agriculture formed in metropolis, suburbs and urban economic circle to meet the needs of the survival and development of modern cities. Urban agriculture is a modern agriculture characterized by ecological green agriculture, sightseeing and leisure agriculture, market-oriented foreign exchange earning agriculture and high-tech modern agriculture, with horticultural, facility and factory production of agricultural high-tech armed as the main means, guided by the market demand of metropolis, integrating production, life and ecology, and combining high quality, high efficiency and sustainable development.
catalogue
1 Introduction
brief introduction
content
trait
function
meaning
2 characteristics and types of urban agriculture
Characteristics of urban agriculture
Urban agricultural types
3 foreign urban agricultural development model
Japan
Germany
Singapore
the Netherlands
4 ideas and countermeasures
Basic idea
Development model and planning design of urban agriculture
Planning and Design of Urban Agricultural Park
Main countermeasures
1 Introduction Editor
brief introduction
The concept of "urban agriculture" was first put forward by some American economists in the 1950s and 1960s. Refers to the use of rural landscape, natural ecology and environmental resources, combined with the production of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, agricultural business activities, rural culture and farm life in urbanized areas, to provide people with places to travel, experience agriculture and understand the countryside. In other words, urban agriculture is an industry that integrates the three functions of agricultural production, life and ecology.
[1] Both urban agriculture and suburban agriculture rely on and serve cities, adapt to the requirements of urban development, and incorporate them into urban construction and development strategies and development plans. However, there is still a difference between the two. Suburban agriculture mainly supplies agricultural and sideline products to cities to meet the demand of urban commodity consumption. Its development level is relatively low, and it is located in the surrounding areas of the city. However, urban agriculture is a multifunctional agriculture, which serves many needs of the city, especially its production, life and ecological functions. Located in the metropolitan area, it can be surrounded by suburbs around the urban area or embedded in the urban area. As for sightseeing agriculture, leisure agriculture, sightseeing agriculture, etc. , are the specific modes of operation of urban agriculture. It can't be said that they are all urban agriculture. According to empirical analysis, it is possible to enter the stage of urban agriculture only if the per capita GDP of big cities reaches about 2000-3000 dollars.
content
Urban agriculture refers to modern agriculture located in the city and its extension, which closely relies on the advantages of science and technology, talents, capital and market of the city to carry out intensive agricultural production, provide famous, special, excellent and new agricultural by-products for domestic and foreign markets, provide a good ecological environment for urban residents, and have the functions of leisure, entertainment, tourism, education and innovation.
research contents
The research types of urban agriculture in China mainly include: agricultural parks, sightseeing agricultural parks, citizen agricultural parks, leisure farms, educational agricultural parks, high-tech agricultural parks, forest parks, folk sightseeing parks, homestay farms and so on. [2]
trait
First, the scope it covers refers to the agriculture in the gap between urban urbanization area and surrounding areas, which is different from the general suburban agriculture;
Second, the production, circulation and consumption of urban agriculture, the spatial layout and structural arrangement of agriculture, and the relationship between agriculture and other industries must first obey the needs of and serve the city. This kind of agricultural development determined by urban demand reflects the dependence of metropolis on agriculture, and then realizes the integrated relationship of interdependence, complementarity and mutual promotion;
Third, urban agriculture is not only the development of economic function, but also the development of ecological and social functions, thus realizing full-featured agriculture;
4. Agricultural production and management is obviously manifested as a highly intensive management mode, which realizes the integrated management of production, processing and sales, and then achieves the high level of agricultural development and the special function of serving the city.
function
Production function, also known as economic function. By developing ecological agriculture, high-tech agriculture and sustainable agriculture in cities, we will provide fresh, hygienic and safe agricultural products for urban residents to meet their food consumption needs.
Ecological function, also known as protection function. As a green plant industry, agriculture is an organizational part of urban ecosystem, which plays an important role in conserving natural ecology, water resources, regulating microclimate and improving people's living environment.
Life function, also known as social function. As an integral part of urban culture and social life, agriculture provides social communication and spiritual and cultural life needs between citizens and farmers through agricultural activities such as sightseeing and leisure agriculture, farming culture and folk culture tourism.
Demonstration and educational function. Suburban agriculture has the function of "window agriculture", and because of its high degree of modernization, it plays a demonstration and driving role in other regions. As a suburban high-tech agricultural park and agricultural education park, it can provide agricultural knowledge education for urban residents.
In a word, the main functions of urban agriculture are: to act as the isolation belt and green isolation belt of the city to prevent the infinite expansion and spread of the city; As the "lung of the city", prevent and control urban environmental pollution, create a green landscape and maintain a fresh and quiet living environment; Provide fresh, sanitary and pollution-free agricultural products for the city, meet the consumption needs of urban residents, and increase the employment opportunities and income of agricultural workers; Provide places and opportunities for citizens to communicate with rural areas and get in touch with agriculture; Maintain and inherit the culture and traditions of agriculture and rural areas, especially give play to the educational function.
meaning
Urban agriculture is a new cross-industry which combines the primary industry, the secondary industry and the tertiary industry. It mainly uses agricultural resources to attract tourists to visit, taste, experience, entertain and shop. It is a new agricultural production mode with strong culture and natural interest, which embodies the basic characteristics and development direction of "suburban integration" and "agricultural integration". The development of urban agriculture has the following significance:
1, make full use of agricultural resources, promote the optimization and adjustment of agricultural structure and improve agricultural production efficiency.
2. Bring the sales channels of agricultural and sideline products and improve the popularity of local agricultural products.
3. It can promote the development of related industries, promote the transfer of surplus labor and expand employment.
4, can evacuate the crowded population in the city, reduce the pressure of urban population, and create conditions.
5. Expand cultural and information exchanges between urban and rural areas and promote rural opening to the outside world.
6, greening and beautifying the environment, improve the quality of urban life and living environment.
2 the characteristics and types of urban agriculture editor
Characteristics of urban agriculture
Directly accepting the radiation of metropolis, making full use of the perfect urban infrastructure conditions of metropolis to develop modern agriculture, extending in all directions in transportation and communication networks, water, electricity, gas and other public facilities are all important conditions for agricultural modernization;
Directly absorb the investment of urban industry in agriculture. Due to the infiltration and integration between urban and rural areas, it has increased the motivation for urban industries to invest in agriculture in modern technology and material equipment, which can quickly improve the level of intensification and modernization of agriculture;
Directly using the market advantage of metropolis to enter and occupy domestic and foreign markets can exploit the information advantage and radiation function of metropolis, which is conducive to improving the level of specialization and commercialization of agriculture;
Directly influenced by the adjustment of industrial structure layout in metropolis, the agricultural industrial structure and management mode adapted to metropolis are adopted, the secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas develop rapidly, and modern management methods are generally introduced and adopted in agricultural internal management;
Directly accept the basic role of the metropolitan market in allocating resources, and establish a modern, intensive and facility agricultural production system that adapts to the metropolitan market, with a high degree of mechanization and automation, and high land output rate, resource utilization rate and labor productivity.
Direct use of advanced scientific and technological means and the guidance of scientific and technological personnel in metropolis is conducive to the development of high-tech agriculture and eco-efficient agriculture, and the implementation of specialized, large-scale and base-based agricultural production.
Give full play to the economic, ecological and social functions of agriculture. Urban agriculture not only has the economic function of producing high-quality agricultural and sideline products that citizens love to see, but also has the functions of conserving water, purifying air, maintaining soil and water, and greening and beautifying the city. It is an important base for urban residents to travel and relax. It makes full use of various natural landscapes to build nature reserves, scenic spots, various agricultural parks and amusement places, adding beautiful green landscapes to the city.
Make full use of the advantages of the city, realize the integration of production, processing and sales, and increase the value of agricultural and sideline products through processing and circulation.
Urban agricultural types
According to agricultural function
Agricultural park. This type of park is characterized by combining it with agricultural production places, consumption places and leisure places, using agricultural production bases to attract citizens to visit, mainly for sightseeing, with a relatively large area. Generally, places with forests and grass are chosen, which have their own styles and characteristics according to the terrain and types of agricultural products. Agricultural parks are divided into professional agricultural parks and comprehensive agricultural parks.
Sightseeing farm garden. This type is characterized by the opening of agricultural parks for the public to watch, pick or buy. Some are mainly for viewing the rural landscape or the production process, some can buy fresh products (such as flowers), and some can also take part in picking fruits. Some farmers have opened their own flower planting greenhouses, and some sightseeing agricultural parks have set up exhibition rooms to let tourists increase their knowledge while watching.
Citizen farm. This type is characterized by letting citizens without land ownership rent farmland, directly participate in agricultural planting, and experience the agricultural labor process personally. Citizens' homes are generally located near urban areas, with convenient transportation and parking. Farm garden operators divide the whole garden into several pieces and rent them to different citizens for farming experience, some of which can solve some problems of eating vegetables or employment.
Leisure farm. This is a comprehensive leisure agricultural area, which is characterized by attracting tourists to stay. This farm mainly produces fruits, vegetables, tea and other crops. After planning and design, the original natural landscape resources such as streams, hillsides and ponds, as well as plants, animals and insects are fully utilized, and some amusement projects are introduced to develop it into a leisure farm (or holiday farm), which integrates sightseeing, picking fruits, experiencing farming, staying for meals, entertainment and other activities to meet their holiday needs. Such as "homestay farm" in Japan and "holiday and leisure farm" in Australia.
Educational farm. This is a form of agricultural management that takes into account the functions of agricultural production and popular science education, that is, using crops planted in agricultural parks and animals raised.
And equipped facilities, such as characteristic plants, tropical plants, farming facilities cultivation, traditional farm tools display, etc. Show agricultural science and technology, ecological agriculture and impart agricultural knowledge to tourists. There are French educational farms, Japanese children's farms, natural ecology classrooms in Taiwan Province Province, and Beijing children's farms.
High-tech agricultural park. This is an agricultural planting area or breeding area with high input, high output and high efficiency, which integrates production, processing, marketing, scientific research and popularization. Some of these parks can be open to the outside world and accept tourists, while others are closed and do not receive tourists.
Forest park. This is a large-scale agricultural complex ecological group, dominated by trees, with changeable terrain, open woodland and beautiful forest, with valleys, strange rocks, streams and other landscapes. Build hunting grounds, swimming pools, fishing areas, campsites, picnic areas, etc. It is an ideal place for people to return to nature, relax, take a vacation, travel, camp, avoid the department, make scientific observation and take a forest bath.
Folk custom tourist park. Choose villages with local or ethnic characteristics, and provide entertainment places such as farmhouses or country hotels that can spend the night with a little modification, so that tourists can fully enjoy the rich rural customs and rich earthy atmosphere, as well as the unique folk culture and customs.
B&B farm. Mainly for retired or about to retire urban residents to rent rural houses and move into farmhouses. These people include professors, directors, designers and engineers. They all have good buildings in the city, but they yearn for and visit the rural scenery, hoping to walk in the Woods, breathe the fresh air in the countryside and live a quiet, indifferent, silent and pollution-free life.
By region
Agriculture in the central region. This type is located in the city center, with high population and building density, the highest degree of mixing and intensive land use, and usually focuses on official and commercial retail activities. Agriculture here is mainly distributed on the edge of houses (roofs, balconies, houses), idle land, courtyards and parks, which are of high value and need more investment. Many of them take the form of small greenhouse agricultural systems. This kind of agriculture is most easily swallowed up by urban transformation.
Agriculture in corridor areas. This type of agriculture is located in the traffic zone on both sides of expressway or railway, and belongs to a highly intensive development zone. This kind of agriculture has favorable environment, developed transportation facilities, convenient contact with the market and high population density; The agricultural structure in the corridor area can be engaged in ornamental gardening, greenhouse vegetables and flowers, grazing, poultry and micro-animals, mainly agricultural products markets and wholesale markets. This kind of agriculture can easily be replaced by the construction of cities and transportation facilities.
Agriculture in remote areas. This kind of agriculture is located between traffic corridors, with a wedge-shaped distribution, which is one of the areas where urban agricultural land, employment and output are concentrated. In the period of rapid urbanization, it is often the main area of urban housing, industry, greening and other construction and development, and the land use type may change from agricultural land to construction land in large quantities, so we should pay attention to protecting agriculture.
Agriculture in the surrounding areas. This type is a relatively stable agricultural area, and it is also one of the areas where urban agricultural land, employment and output are concentrated. The size of peripheral agricultural areas largely depends on the characteristics of transportation efficiency and natural conditions. The characteristics of agriculture in peripheral areas are: in the form of a large number of small and medium-sized farms, according to the needs of metropolitan markets, mainly producing fresh agricultural products; Agricultural families in this area have more non-agricultural employment opportunities and income than ordinary agricultural areas.
3 foreign urban agriculture development model editor
Japan
[3-4] Japan's urban agriculture refers to agriculture included in the city and agriculture in the suburbs of the city. Japan is an island country with very limited land resources. After the rapid economic growth in the 1960s and 1970s, the city expanded rapidly, and the land price around the city kept rising. Because the land belongs to private ownership, some farmers are unwilling to sell their land too early in order to preserve and increase the value, so they leave the land they continue to cultivate in cities with many high-rise buildings.
In the future, it is found that the green vegetables and bright flowers produced on the scattered cultivated land in the city not only add green to the city, increase the scenic spots for viewing, but also improve the ecological environment of the city, which is of great value.
So far, Japan has developed three main urban agricultural models:
(1) sightseeing agriculture, that is, setting up gardens such as vegetables, rice and fruit trees to attract tourists to visit and experience, its essence is the combination of agriculture and tourism;
(2) Facility agriculture, that is, using modern science and technology and advanced agronomy technology to establish modern agricultural facilities and produce pollution-free agricultural and sideline products all the year round;
(3) Characteristic agriculture, that is, building some production bases of characteristic agricultural and sideline products through powerful agricultural groups, and relying on advanced science and technology for in-depth development to form characteristic agriculture that is competitive in the international market.
The development trend of urban agriculture in Japan: first, the production is gradually scaled up to improve the international competitiveness of urban agricultural products; Second, the agricultural structure has been gradually adjusted. Gradually phase out low-efficiency and high-cost agricultural products and produce a large number of green and healthy products; Third, the means of production are developing towards full automation, facilities and intelligence, especially vegetables and fruits; Fourth, the wholesale market of agricultural products has been gradually improved; Fifth, production, operation and management are developing in the direction of networking.
The experience of Japanese urban agriculture development: first, governments at all levels give protection policies; Second, the mode is diversified; Third, the government attaches importance to improving the quality of agricultural labor.
Germany
[3-4] German urban agriculture is represented by citizen parks. The Citizen Park originated from Klein Golden in the Middle Ages. At that time, most Germans set aside a small part of their yard as a gardening field and enjoyed growing their own crops. The real origin of urban agriculture in Germany is generally believed to have started in the19th century. /kloc-In the 20th century, the German government provided a small barren hill for every household, and the citizens used it as their own "small vegetable garden" to achieve self-sufficiency in production. /kloc-In the second half of the 20th century, Germany formally established the "citizen farm garden" system, the main purpose of which is to establish the concept of health, so that urban residents living in small apartments can get adequate nutrition. The purpose of establishing citizen park has changed greatly, and it has turned to giving citizens the opportunity to experience farm life, so that citizens who have lived in the city for a long time can enjoy rural happiness.
The land of the citizen park comes from two parts: one part is the public land provided by the town and county governments. The farm area of each citizen is about 2 hectares. About 50 families form a group to rent a citizen farm together. The lessee must sign a 25-30-year use contract with the government and decide how to operate. The government does not interfere in planting flowers, grass, vegetables, trees and flowers, but its products cannot be sold. If the lessee doesn't want to continue the business, it can push it out or transfer it halfway. The management committee elected by the citizens' agricultural park will choose a new lessee to continue the lease, and the new lessee will bear the reasonable expenses invested by the original lessee. German citizens' agricultural gardens are flourishing, and the total output value of their products accounts for one-third of the total agricultural output value of the country.
Singapore
[3-4] Singapore is an urban economy country with an area of only 556 square kilometers. Natural resources are scarce, agricultural products cannot be self-sufficient, and even sand, water and food need to be imported. Only a small amount of vegetables, flowers, eggs, aquatic products and dairy products are produced locally, and the cultivated land is decreasing after urbanization, so we attach great importance to the development of urban agriculture to high technology and high output value.
The development model of urban agriculture in Singapore is as follows:
(1) Modern Intensive Agricultural Science and Technology Park is the main urban agricultural model in Singapore. The development of urban agriculture in Singapore aims at pursuing high technology and high output value, and takes the construction of modern agricultural science and technology parks as the carrier to maximize agricultural productivity. The capital construction of agricultural science and technology park is invested by the state, and then leased to businessmen or companies for operation through bidding. The lease term is 10 year. One of the farms grows vegetables by air tillage (that is, plants are planted in a greenhouse with air-conditioning facilities, their roots are exposed to the air, and cold water containing nutrients and fertilizers is sprayed every five minutes without spraying pesticides). It is the first farm in the world to grow vegetables through gas farming and produce nutritious and safe fresh vegetables. Soil tillage shortens the growing period of vegetables from 60 days to 30 days, but this method is costly. Of course, producing high-grade vegetables is better than importing.
(2) Agricultural Biotechnology Park. It covers an area of 10 hectare, has modern advanced equipment, and carries out research and development of new agricultural technologies (such as animal and plant genetic research, new variety breeding, etc.). ).
the Netherlands
[3-4] The Netherlands is a small country in Europe, with an area of about a quarter of that of Henan Province. There is no such thing as urban agriculture in the Netherlands, but the population density is high, and agriculture is close to large and medium-sized cities, especially horticulture and dairy industry, and it is in the "metropolitan circle" of large and medium-sized cities. Holland is a country with highly developed agriculture. Its development goal is no longer to pursue output, but to emphasize the coordinated development of agriculture, environment and nature and attach importance to agricultural social responsibility, which has laid a good foundation for the formation of "green productivity" in the Netherlands.
Among the urban agriculture in the Netherlands, the flower industry and dairy industry are particularly important industries. Holland is famous for its "European Garden" and "Flower Kingdom". Dutch flower industry has a long history, profound cultural origin and suitable soil and climate conditions.
In addition, the Netherlands has developed industry and commerce, prosperous cities and high population density. Horticultural products not only have a short distance from rural areas (equivalent to suburbs) to cities, but also have a good market. This laid a solid foundation for the development of Dutch flower gardening industry. In the economic utilization of land, gardening represented by flowers is better than general field planting, greenhouse gardening is better than open field gardening, and the farm scale is also expanding. The greenhouse industry in Holland is highly industrialized. Because of getting rid of the constraints of land and the influence of weather, greenhouse horticultural products can be industrialized in production and management, and their planting process can not only arrange specific production links and production cycles, but also be exactly the same as industrial production in postpartum packaging and sales, and truly become "factory farming".
The development of horticulture and dairy industry in the Netherlands has promoted the development of rural cooperatives and processing industry. In the case of "going it alone", every dairy farmer has to transport the squeezed milk to the city to sell, which is time-consuming and laborious, so dairy farmers especially need to cooperate with sales. The same is true for the flower industry, which needs to transport a large number of fresh cut flowers to urban consumers as quickly as possible, which is difficult to do without cooperatives.
4 ideas and countermeasures editor
Basic idea
Urban agriculture is gradually developed with the improvement of urbanization level and people's income level. It is a modern agriculture that relies on the city, serves the city, adapts to the city and meets the various needs of urban people. Therefore, the scale of urban development and urban income level determine the development direction and level of urban agriculture. Judging from the national conditions of China, the level of urbanization is not high, the basic needs of people's lives have just been solved, and the ecological environment is deteriorating. Therefore, the development of urban agriculture should adhere to the combination of producing fresh agricultural and sideline products, sightseeing and leisure and improving the ecological environment. According to the location characteristics and market demand, the development direction, form, scale and layout of urban agriculture should be determined according to local conditions, and a green, pollution-free, sightseeing, leisure and eco-friendly modern agriculture should be built.
To correctly handle the relationship between the development of urban agriculture and the production of agricultural products, that is, we can't imagine developing the whole suburb into a sightseeing and leisure agricultural area, thus ignoring the production of bulk agricultural products; Nor can it be an excuse for not developing sightseeing and leisure agriculture and ecological green agriculture to meet the food demand of cities. Starting from the requirements of urban-rural integration, the development direction and focus of urban agriculture should be rationally arranged.
We should pay attention to closely combining the development of urban agriculture with the development of county tourism in the city, and promote the development of urban agriculture with the development of tourism. In order to facilitate the organization of tourists, it is best to arrange newly developed urban agricultural attractions in tourist areas or tourist hotlines to form scale advantages.
We should put agricultural management in the first place in urban agriculture, promote the combination of agriculture and tourism, the combination of primary industry and secondary industry, the combination of tertiary industry and the combination of urban and suburban areas, and combine the development of agriculture with the protection of agriculture to prevent the development of urban sightseeing agriculture from becoming an entertaining development behavior.
Development model and planning design of urban agriculture
Agricultural circle model. Take the urban area as the center, postpone outward, and take the distance from the urban area as the main zoning symbol. The layout of urban agriculture is divided into suburban agricultural circle, middle suburban agricultural circle and outer suburban agricultural circle.
Agricultural regional model. According to the different functions of big cities and metropolitan areas, they are divided into four types, namely, central agriculture, transportation corridor agriculture, isolation belt agriculture and peripheral suburban agriculture.
Agricultural production and management mode. According to the different contents of agricultural production and management, it can be divided into planting area, breeding area, aquatic area, forestry area, flower area, vegetable area and green isolation belt. Others are divided into vegetable high-tech demonstration zone, characteristic grain and oil demonstration zone and high-efficiency ecological agriculture demonstration zone.
Agricultural tourism mode. According to the functions of agricultural sightseeing, tourism and leisure, it can be divided into sightseeing agricultural area, leisure resort area, agricultural management experience area, agricultural landscape and natural ecology area and park greening area.
Planning and Design of Urban Agricultural Park
Agricultural resources must be transformed into products that meet people's material and spiritual needs, and artistic creation must be carried out according to the laws of agriculture, culture, tourism and other fields. This creative process is the planning and design process of agricultural projects. Urban agriculture is produced in agricultural industry and rural areas, based on agricultural and rural resources, with the main purpose of relying on and serving the city.
There are two kinds of urban agricultural parks, one is an open non-theme park urban agricultural park, and the other is a closed theme park urban agricultural park or leisure farm. The former belongs to the urban agricultural planning with large area, large scope and large landscape, and the landscape planning should reflect the local farmland, countryside, agricultural scenery and agricultural products. In addition to production activities, the latter also has a variety of activities such as eating, living, traveling, traveling, shopping and entertainment. Six combinations should be paid attention to in planning and design: the combination of agricultural management and green food production; Combination of agricultural management and fitness; Combining agricultural management with agricultural experience; The combination of agricultural management and agricultural culture display; Combine agricultural management with villa building requirements; Combining static projects with dynamic projects; Combination of agricultural development and rural construction; The combination of agricultural development and infrastructure construction.
Main countermeasures
Change ideas, raise awareness and strengthen the government's leadership in developing urban agriculture. In particular, it is necessary to deepen the understanding of the role of suburban agriculture in urban development and understand the multi-functional development of agriculture and its comprehensive benefits. Relevant leaders of governments at all levels, urban citizens and suburban farmers should take it as their responsibility to create urban agriculture, so that agriculture can fully meet the material and spiritual needs of urban people and the needs of greening and beautifying the urban ecological environment.
Make overall plans and ensure key points. The development of urban agriculture should be comprehensively planned in the suburbs of the city or in a region, important projects should be selected, and funds should be concentrated for development. It is not advisable to develop too many experiential projects, such as picking and renting farmland, as well as recreational projects focusing on leisure and entertainment, in order to prevent the difficulties brought by investment, management and operation and the destruction of natural landscape. It is necessary to pay attention to the overall planning of development projects and promote them step by step, so that urban agriculture and sightseeing and leisure agriculture are rich in content and have regular attraction. Some counties and districts connect several adjacent scenic spots into a line or a special zone, which is very promising. Therefore, it is especially necessary to have a comprehensive plan, reasonably solve the contradiction between seasonal production of agricultural products and annual sightseeing management, match varieties in different seasons and extend the viewing period as much as possible. Regional orientation, functional orientation and morphological orientation should be correctly implemented in planning. At the same time, it is necessary to combine urban agricultural planning with rural modernization and urbanization planning.
Based on the advantages of location and resources, facing the domestic and foreign markets. To develop urban agriculture, we should give full play to its location advantages and resource advantages, take the demand of tourism market as the guide, develop urban sightseeing agricultural parks full of green and beautiful environment, and turn resource advantages into economic advantages. Different regions and projects need different target markets. Determine the function and scale of urban agricultural development according to the tourist market. Actively develop market agriculture and foreign exchange earning agriculture.
Urban agriculture should embody agricultural characteristics, highlight rural lifestyles and enrich local cultural connotations. To develop urban sightseeing agriculture, we should develop strengths and avoid weaknesses, display and highlight our own characteristics, and achieve "people have nothing but me, people have something new and people have something new", so that tourists can have new artistic conception, new feelings and new gains wherever they go. To develop urban agriculture, it is forbidden to build too many cultural landscapes to make the environment and facilities too artificial and commercialized, and it is also forbidden to pursue large investment, large scale, high grade and high consumption. From the development trend, we should pay attention to developing the educational function of agriculture to citizens, especially teenagers. Develop rural folk culture and develop folk culture tourism.
Increase investment in capital and science and technology. Open up channels and raise construction funds in many ways. On the basis of stabilizing the existing agricultural input, gradually increase the proportion of financial funds and loan funds to agricultural input. In addition to farmers' self-financing and government support, we can also open up financial resources by engaging in joint-stock system, setting up funds and attracting foreign investment. Establish a diversified investment mechanism of the state, collective and enterprises. In addition to productive investment, we should also increase investment in developing tourism, leisure and sightseeing agricultural projects. Secondly, investment in science and technology, arming agriculture with high technology, focusing on seed engineering, greenhouse engineering, biological engineering and green engineering, forms a supporting project of urban agricultural science and technology. Build high-tech parks, high-tech facilities, high-tech products and high market share.
We must strengthen the construction of rural infrastructure and human resources. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of rural roads, water and electricity, environmental sanitation and other aspects, and build various facilities such as catering, accommodation, leisure and vacation to provide convenient, hygienic and comfortable conditions for tourists. Vigorously develop rural adult education and vocational and technical education, and implement the combination of introduction and dispatch training to improve farmers' cultural quality and management skills.
Formulate legal policies and strengthen scientific management. Implement the policy of combining market regulation with government regulation. Government regulation is mainly manifested in policy support and social inclination for urban agricultural development. To formulate the urban agricultural protection law, we must first formulate the basic regulations for protecting cultivated land, and establish the maximum price of agricultural means of production, the minimum protective price of agricultural products, the production risk fund and the market risk fund. Formulate transfer policies to absorb rural surplus labor. It is necessary to clarify the competent institutions and specialize in research, planning guidance and supervision and management. Cooperation between agriculture, tourism, culture, industry and commerce, prices and other departments can be considered.
China is a big agricultural country with a long history, and it is also a country with urbanization development. China has a variety of natural and agricultural landscapes, as well as China's unique farming culture, folk customs and humanistic landscapes, as well as unique suburban agricultural landscapes. In the future, with the development of urban and rural economy and the improvement of people's income, the demand for green food and ecological environment is increasing day by day, and the development of urban agriculture and sightseeing agriculture has broad prospects. Looking forward to the future, urban agriculture and sightseeing agriculture have shown great vitality in China and developed into a new industry with strong vitality.
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