Louis XVI (Louis XVI, 1754 ~ 1793), king of France (1774 ~ 1792). The grandson of Louis XV. Louis XVI was indecisive. After he ascended the throne, he changed the prime minister and ministers many times, which caused many contradictions in the cabinet. From radical reform to conservative austerity measures, his policies are changeable. Louis XVI, who had no intention of going into politics, often came to his own hardware workshop to interact with various locks. Louis XVI's lock-making technology is very high and creative. Almost every one of them is a work of art. His achievement is somewhat similar to that of Emperor Mingxi in China. He lived in Zhu Youxiao, and the genius emperor did not practice heaven. He hired a famous coppersmith, Gaman, with a high salary, and even had free access to his bedroom. After France fell into financial crisis in 1980s, it often used hunting and other activities to escape complicated state affairs.

Chronology of Louis XVI events

1765, his father died and he was made the crown prince. Good at Latin and English, interested in historical geography knowledge.

1774 acceded to the throne. Power is in the hands of Queen Marie Antoinette. At that time, the crisis of French autocratic system was serious, the court ministers fought for power and profit, the social contradictions were sharp, the treasury was empty and the debts were high. Turgut, Necker and others were successively appointed as chief financial officers and carried out financial reforms, all of which ended in failure.

1787, he accepted the suggestion of Carona, the chief financial officer, and held a "meeting of dignitaries", trying to tax the privileged class, but the nobles resisted and failed.

1789 in may, it was forced to hold a three-level meeting that was interrupted for 175. Because of stubbornly defending the feudal privileges of priests and nobles, it formed a serious opposition with the third class. 1 1 In July, the reformist finance director Necker, who was supported by the third level, was dismissed, secretly mobilized the army in an attempt to disperse the constitutional convention, and finally inspired the people's uprising in Paris in July 14.

1789 After the French Revolution broke out on July 4th, Queen Marie Antoinette and her royal cronies repeatedly persuaded Louis XVI to take refuge in other provinces. Louis refused to leave at first, waiting for the revolution to die on its own. But the development of the situation changed his mind.

1789101On October 6th, several Parisian women and thousands of garde nationale soldiers broke into Versailles and demanded that the king move to Paris to live. They clashed with the guards and several guards were killed. The queen used to be disheveled and hide with her children. That night, Louis XVI's family was forced to move into the Tuileries Palace in Paris, and their freedom of movement was greatly restricted. The Marquis of lafayette and Honore Mirabo both persuaded Louis XVI to take a compromise position and implement a constitutional monarchy. Louis repeatedly expressed his support for the Constitutional Convention in public, and obediently signed most of the decrees.

1790, 14 July, the anniversary of the fall of the Bastille, he publicly swore to uphold the Constitution. The vast majority of French people believe that he sincerely supports the revolution, loves him sincerely and regards him as the king of the French people.

1790165438+1October 27th, the Constitutional Assembly passed a decree requiring priests to swear allegiance to the country, the law and the king, which triggered a crisis in the French Catholic Church, and many priests loyal to the Pope refused to take the oath.

179 1 On February 28th, there was a rumor that the king was in danger. Hundreds of young nobles went to the palace to seek protection and clashed with the National Guard guarding the palace. Some nobles were beaten and insulted, which made Jeanlouis very angry.

1791April 18, Louis XVI tried to go to a castle on the outskirts of Paris to celebrate Easter with priests who refused to take the oath, but he was surrounded by a large group of citizens at the entrance of Thierry Palace and finally failed to leave. After this incident, Louis XVI strengthened his determination to escape.

1791In the middle of the night of June 20th, members of the royal family sneaked out of the palace through secret passages one by one after dressing up. However, Galeries Lafayette and then Paris Mayor Jean-sylvain Bailly unexpectedly came to the palace to talk with Louis XVI, which forced the king to postpone his departure. Feirson put them in the prepared carriage, and Band-Aid left them in a band-aid on the outskirts of Paris. By this time, they were already two hours behind schedule. The king's younger brother, the Earl of Provence (now Louis Stanislas Xavier), also went into battle lightly that night and successfully escaped into Brussels. The king and his party were very excited after they left Paris, and the trip went smoothly at first. Along the way, Louis XVI didn't bother to hide, and even got off the bus many times to talk to nearby villagers. Some people had recognized the king several times before they arrived in Saint Menehold, but they were shocked and suspicious, but they didn't respond. However, the carriage arrived at Sharon (Ch? Champagne in Longissions) is three hours behind schedule. The cavalry originally scheduled to meet the king outside the city clashed with local farmers, suspecting that the king had failed to escape from Paris and had basically evacuated. In the evening, the group arrived at the post office in Saint-Mende. The stationmaster Jean-Derouet also recognized the king and informed the city council after the carriage left. The latter sent Derouet after the king. Drouet beat the king to Valennis, thirty or forty miles from Montmedi, and delivered this amazing news. Valeni sounded the alarm and stopped the king and his party. At first, the acting mayor promised to help the king who admitted his identity leave, but after discussion, the city Council decided to delay the time and ordered the National Guard to stand by and ask for help from nearby towns. The night cavalry arrived later, but failed to save the king.

1791June 2 1 Sunday morning, the news of the king's escape spread in Paris. Louis XVI left a statement on the table before he left, denouncing the Constitutional Assembly for depriving the royal family of diplomatic, military and local administrative powers, and declaring all decrees he approved after June 23rd invalid. 1789. General Lafayette and the Constituent Assembly sent men to hunt him down. In the face of the crisis, the Constituent Assembly reached unprecedented unity, passed decrees and began to exercise administrative power, and ordered all parts of France to start emergency preparations.

1791On the morning of June 22nd, the Paris envoy arrived in Vanne. The local city council obeyed the orders of the Constituent Assembly without hesitation. Louis XVI and his party set out for Paris accompanied by thousands of national guards. Along the way, people came from all directions and slowly marched to Paris with the carriage. Three representatives of the Constituent Assembly joined the king in the Marne Valley and accompanied the members of the royal family to Paris on June 25th.

179 1 September, 179 1 The Constitution was adopted, and the constitutional monarchy was accepted. The French people were called kings and returned to power.

1792 declared war on Austria in April.

1August 792 10 was arrested in the uprising and detained in Fort Dimpre.

The Legislative Assembly announced the abolition of the monarchy. The next day, the first Republic of France was founded.

1792 1 1 The Tuileries Palace was found to contain a large number of documents colluding with foreign enemies and conspiring to suppress the revolution, and was sentenced to death by the National Association for treason.

1793 65438+1October 2 1 was executed in Paris' Revolution Square (now Place de la Concorde).

Louis XVI and the guillotine

Louis XVI personally participated in the design of the guillotine. In order to speed up the efficiency of the guillotine, he also ordered to change the hay cutter into a triangle.

Louis XVI's child

Louis Charles, the 167-year-old son of Louis, spent three years in prison, eating only one meal a day, urinating everywhere, and not even being allowed to take a bath, and was finally abused to death.