Hericium erinaceus, the scientific name Hericium erinaceus, is commonly known as Hericium erinaceus and Hericium erinaceus. Hericium erinaceus has other nicknames: because its needle-like flesh thorn looks like a hedgehog, it is called hedgehog fungus and hedgehog fungus. Hericium erinaceus is produced in the northeast of our country. Because it will be born in pairs, the locals call it the opposite-faced mushroom and the Yuanyang opposite-faced mushroom. Legend has it that in the mountains and forests in the northeast, the place where the monkey head is born will be guarded by a tiger, also known as the tiger guarding the mushroom. It also has the name of Yinyang Mushroom in the northeast. Hericium erinaceus is also produced in the southwest of China. Yunnan is called cauliflower fungus, and it is also called wool fungus because it stings like wool.
Hericium erinaceus is widely distributed in nature, and it also comes from North China, Henan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Guangxi and other places. Wild Hericium erinaceus needs a humid, mild and airy natural environment, and it is suitable for growing in the temperature of 18℃ to 2℃. Hericium erinaceus is mostly parasitic on the dead parts of pine, birch, oak, oak, beech, neem, oak, walnut and other trees or the fracture of mother branches. It grows in a tree mortar for a certain period of time. According to the origin, in the rainy season of July, August and September every year, hairy Hericium erinaceus grows and bears fruit. The body is round and thick, with long thorns on the surface and smooth abdomen. Each one is the size of a fist, the largest one is 2cm in diameter and generally weighs about .5kg. The whole cell looks like a monkey's head, and the color is like monkey hair, hence the name.
Hericium erinaceus grows slowly under natural conditions, but it can grow very big. Its varieties are different: some are oval, stalked and forked; Some are blocky and sessile. Now, Hericium erinaceus is cultivated in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Sichuan. Its quality is complete in shape, complete in fuzz, heavy in weight, dry in bacteria and golden in color. In order to ensure the Hericium erinaceus to obtain such good quality, it must be aired in time and stored properly after harvesting. When drying, the needle and thread are often put on the base and hung high, especially the monkey head with large bacteria and thick meat. Try to evaporate water to prevent mildew and moth. The storage place should be cool and dry, and it should not be put with pickled or vinegar, salty and fishy food.
2. Hericium erinaceus delicious food
Hericium erinaceus has become a favorite food because of its crisp texture, mellow taste and delicious taste. Hericium erinaceus has the excellent characteristics of similar taste to lean meat, so it has the reputation of "vegetarian meat". Hericium erinaceus has been in people's diet for a long time. According to legend, as early as 3 years ago in Shang Dynasty, some people had picked Hericium erinaceus to eat. However, due to the rarity of Hericium erinaceus, "rare things are precious", which can only be enjoyed by the court and the palace. The outside world only knows that Hericium erinaceus is a precious food, but it is not clear about its relevant characteristics and cooking methods. The record of Hericium erinaceus was earlier found in Xu Guangqi's Agricultural Administration Book in Ming Dynasty 37 years ago, which only listed the name of Hericium erinaceus. In the Qing Dynasty, The Record of Royal Fragrance Drifting Miao recorded the dishes of the monkey head of the official, and praised its delicious taste. The book also specifically introduces the two methods of stewing and frying for cooking Hericium erinaceus official dishes. Since modern times, there are still few descriptions about the monkey head. In 193s, Lu Xun's Diary mentioned that Lu Xun himself had eaten the Hericium erinaceus presented by his close friend Cao Jinghua and praised it as "really delicious".
After liberation, with the domestication and artificial cultivation of wild Hericium erinaceus, the number of Hericium erinaceus donors increased in the market. This kind of delicacies gradually entered people's banquets and became a famous food in some cuisines. Hericium erinaceus can be roughly divided into two categories: dried and fresh. Fresh Hericium erinaceus is only found in the place of origin, so it can be used for cooking directly. Dried Hericium erinaceus is available in all parts of the north and south, so it must rise first when eaten, commonly known as water-borne Hericium erinaceus. Soak the swollen Hericium erinaceus in warm water until it is soft, wash the sand, and then boil it in water until it is full. In this process, borax can be added appropriately. Then, remove the roots and long hair from the swollen monkey head. Common cooking methods of Hericium erinaceus can be grilled, burned, stewed, stewed, steamed, fried, simmered, braised and marinated. Hericium erinaceus can be used as a main ingredient to make a dish alone or with other cooking materials, and it is suitable for both vegetarian and vegetarian dishes. Home-made Hericium erinaceus dishes, multi-slice cooking and soup, are extremely delicious; Steamed chicken and meat with it has a unique flavor. According to gourmets, Hericium erinaceus, as a raw material for cooking, is better in color, fragrance and taste than in artificial cultivation.
Third, the therapeutic value of Hericium erinaceus
In recent years, due to the abundant sources of Hericium erinaceus and the developed cooking career, the names of Hericium erinaceus recipes in many cuisines have increased, including not only traditional dishes, but also innovative dishes. For example, the monkey head of Liaoning cuisine grilled bear's paw and stewed dragon with monkey head; The pearl monkey head of Jilin cuisine; Hericium erinaceus with duck leg in Heilongjiang cuisine; The pine monkey head of Beijing cuisine; Hericium erinaceus in Henan cuisine; And other cuisines of Hericium erinaceus, such as braised Hericium erinaceus, braised Hericium erinaceus, spiced Hericium erinaceus, stewed Hericium erinaceus in clear soup with laver, stewed pigeon with Hericium erinaceus, stewed quail with Hericium erinaceus, pheasant Hericium erinaceus casserole, fried chicken with shredded chicken, sliced chicken with Hericium erinaceus, stuffed chicken with Hericium erinaceus, steamed Hericium erinaceus, stewed Hericium erinaceus with deer tail and so on.
Many Hericium erinaceus delicacies have their own local flavor. Like the traditional famous food of Liaoning cuisine, the monkey's head is grilled with bear's paw, which is beautiful in shape and fragrant in juice. This dish is made by soaking Hericium erinaceus and bear's paw separately, and then adding chicken soup, soy sauce, onion, ginger, sugar, cooking wine, monosodium glutamate and other auxiliary materials to steam them. Put the bear's paw on the plate and place the sliced monkey head around it. Put this kind of Hericium erinaceus and bear's paw into a spoon, pour the original soup of steamed Hericium erinaceus and bear's paw into the spoon in advance, simmer thoroughly with slow fire, thicken, oil, and serve.
the ancients said, "medicine and food are of the same origin". Hericium erinaceus can be used as both food and medicine. People often use Hericium erinaceus for diet therapy. According to medical records, Hericium erinaceus contains various nutrients beneficial to human body: every 1g of dried product contains 26.3g of protein, 4.2g of fat, 6.4g of crude fiber, 44.9g of carbohydrate, 17 kinds of amino acids, as well as calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene, vitamins B1, B2 and niacin. Chinese medicine believes that Hericium erinaceus is sweet in taste, flat in nature, beneficial to the five internal organs, invigorating the spleen and stomach, helping digestion, nourishing and strengthening, and is suitable for diseases such as indigestion and physical weakness. A kind of "Hericium erinaceus tablet" has been made from Hericium erinaceus, which has obvious curative effect on digestive tract malignant tumor, stomach and duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis.
Hericium erinaceus, Hericium erinaceus, etc., both as food and medicine, can be used instead of Hericium erinaceus. In addition, there are delicious food with "monkey" interest, as well as monkey legs of Athyridaceae plants. One is a monkey head and the other is a monkey leg. Not only do their names correspond, but they also have their own characteristics when eaten. Monkey legs feed on tender shoots, which can be used for mixing, frying, cooking and stir-frying. The famous dishes include fried shrimp monkey legs with Kanto flavor, shredded chicken mixed with monkey legs, assorted monkey legs and so on. These "monkey" dishes with meat and vegetables are bright in color, and also have the dietotherapy value of eliminating diseases and health care.
III. Efficacy of Hericium erinaceus
1) Anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory effects.
2) anti-tumor effect.
3) Liver protection
4) Immunity enhancement and anti-aging.
5) Improve the hypoxia tolerance, increase the cardiac blood output and accelerate the blood circulation of the body.
6) lowering blood sugar and blood lipid.
2> Stir-fried Hericium erinaceus with sliced belly
[ raw materials] 3g of dried Hericium erinaceus, 26g of cooked pork belly, 8g of leek, vegetable oil, sesame oil, refined salt, monosodium glutamate, sugar, pepper and cooking wine.
(preparation method) soak the dried Hericium erinaceus in warm water, wash it, slice it along the thorn, remove the bitter taste in a boiling water pot, and take out the dry water; Slice the cooked pork belly. Heat a wok with vegetable oil, stir-fry cooked pork tripe slices and Hericium erinaceus slices, add cooking wine, refined salt, sugar, monosodium glutamate and leek, pour sesame oil on it, stir well, serve on a plate and sprinkle with pepper.
(Efficacy) Helps digestion, tonifies deficiency and strengthens spleen and stomach.
3> Stir-fried Hericium erinaceus with Chinese cabbage
(raw materials) Hericium erinaceus with water 8g, sliced ham 2g, heart of Chinese cabbage 12g, 2 eggs, onion slices, ginger slices, refined salt, wet starch, chicken soup and cooked lard.
(Preparation method) Slice Hericium erinaceus along the thorn, blanch it in a boiling water pot for 1 minutes, take it out, control the water to dry, put it in a bowl, add onion slices, ginger slices, salt and chicken soup, steam it in a cage for 35 minutes, take it out and remove the soup, onion and ginger. Wet starch and chicken soup in an egg white bowl to make a paste, spread it on Hericium erinaceus slices, put it in a hot cooked lard pot and fry it yellow < P >. Leave the bottom oil in the pot, heat it, stir-fry the ham slices and green vegetables, add the Hericium erinaceus slices and chicken soup to boil, and thicken with wet starch.
[ efficacy] stimulate appetite and strengthen the spleen.
4> Roasted Hericium erinaceus with Rib Meat
(raw materials): 25g of water-borne Hericium erinaceus, 15g of pork rib meat, 5g of water-borne black fungus, 5g of water-borne magnolia tablets and 5g of rapeseed heart, and appropriate amounts of dried seaweed, refined salt, monosodium glutamate, eggs, vinegar, onion, ginger, dried starch, clear soup, sesame oil and cooked lard.
(Preparation method) Remove the roots of Hericium erinaceus, cut it into pieces, slightly blanch it in a boiling water pot, take it out, and squeeze it dry; Peel pork ribs, wash them, chop them into pieces, put them in a bowl, add egg white, water and refined salt, stir well, squeeze them into balls, put them in a boiling water pot, cook them and take them out; Wash the water-soaked magnolia slices and rape hearts and cut them into slices; Wash onion and ginger, and cut them into filaments respectively. Put the rape heart in a boiling water pot to cook and take it out. Put a small fire on the wok, put cooked lard and egg yolk mixed with dry starch, spread out the egg skin, take it out and cut it into pieces. Add clear soup, magnolia slices, dried seaweed, auricularia auricula, rape heart, shredded onion, shredded ginger, egg skin, pork balls and Hericium erinaceus slices to a wok, bring to a boil, add refined salt, monosodium glutamate and vinegar, skim off the froth, and pour sesame oil out of the wok.
[ efficacy] it is suitable for anemia.
5> Stewed pork ribs with Hericium erinaceus
[ raw materials] 25g of fresh Hericium erinaceus and 2g of pork ribs. 3 mushrooms, salt and soy sauce.
(preparation method) soak fresh Hericium erinaceus to remove bitterness; Slice mushrooms after soaking; Wash pork ribs and cut them into small pieces. Put Hericium erinaceus, sliced mushrooms and pork ribs together in a pot, put some water into it, cook for half an hour with high fire, and add salt and soy sauce.
[ Efficacy] Helps digestion and health.
6> Braised Hericium erinaceus with tendon
[ Raw materials: Hericium erinaceus 2g, tendon 25g, winter bamboo shoots, ham and dried seaweed 2g each, chicken oil, soy sauce, cooking wine, sugar, monosodium glutamate, onion, ginger, lard and refined salt.
(Method) Slice Hericium erinaceus along the thorn; Cut the tendon into sections; Slice ham and winter bamboo shoots; Cut onion and ginger into watercress slices. Blanch the Hericium erinaceus slices and tendon segments in boiling water and take them out. When the wok is heated to 7% by adding lard, pour the slices of Hericium erinaceus and tendons into the wok, stir-fry them, pour a colander, and drain the oil. Add onion slices, ginger slices, ham slices, winter bamboo shoots slices, dried shrimps, Hericium erinaceus slices and tendon segments to the original pot, then add cooking wine, refined salt, soy sauce, sugar, monosodium glutamate and water, bring to a boil, then reduce the heat to a thick juice, pour chicken oil on it, and take out the pot and plate.
[ Efficacy] Helps digestion and strengthens bones and muscles.
7> Stewed dog whip with Hericium erinaceus
(raw materials) Hericium erinaceus 5g, dog whip 2g, mutton 2g, Morinda officinalis and Semen Cuscutae 1g, cistanche deserticola, Cinnamomum cassia, cooking wine, monosodium glutamate, pepper, ginger, lard and refined salt.
(preparation method) soak the dog whip in water and wash it; Soak Hericium erinaceus in hot water, put it in a boiling water pot together with the washed dog whip and mutton, put ginger, cooking wine, cinnamon and pepper, and simmer on low heat until it is half cooked. Put Semen Cuscutae, Radix Morindae Officinalis and Herba Cistanches into gauze bags, tie their mouths, put them in a pot and continue to stew. When the dog whip and mutton are cooked, take them out and change their knives, put them in a bowl, and add monosodium glutamate, refined salt and lard. Drink soup, eat meat, stew once every 2-3 days, and take 3-5 doses.
[ Efficacy] Warming and tonifying kidney yang.
8> Roasted Hericium erinaceus with winter bamboo shoots
(raw materials): Hericium erinaceus 55g, ham slices, cooked winter bamboo shoots, cooking wine, refined salt, onion, ginger slices, rape heart and cooked lard.
(Method) Remove the pedicels of Hericium erinaceus and batch it into large pieces along the hair; Wash the rape heart and cut it into sections. Heat a wok over medium heat, add cooked lard to heat it, add ginger slices and shallots to fry until fragrant, add cooking wine, Hericium erinaceus slices, ham slices, cooked winter bamboo shoots and rapeseed slices to boil, reduce the heat to soft Hericium erinaceus slices, then switch to medium heat, add refined salt, pour cooked lard on it, and pour it into a large dish.
[ efficacy] it is suitable for insomnia.
9> Hericium erinaceus stewed with magnolia slices
(raw materials) Hericium erinaceus 2g, ham slices 45g, water-made magnolia slices 4g, 3 eggs, wet starch, monosodium glutamate, green beans, cooking wine, ginger juice, onion slices, refined salt, soy sauce, chicken soup and cooked lard.
(Method) Remove the pedicels of Hericium erinaceus, wash it, blanch it in a boiling water pot, drain the water, batch it into thin slices, put it in a bowl, add egg white, refined salt and wet starch, stir it evenly, and then blanch the Hericium erinaceus slices in a boiling water pot one by one and take them out. Heat a wok with medium heat, add cooked lard, add shallots to fry until fragrant, add cooking wine, water-soaked magnolia slices, green beans, soy sauce, ginger juice, salt, chicken soup, Hericium erinaceus slices and ham slices, stew until the soup is thick, add monosodium glutamate, thicken with wet starch, pour in cooked lard, and take out of the pan and plate.
[ Efficacy] It is suitable for weakness of limbs, neurasthenia and insomnia.
1> Roasted Hericium erinaceus with mushrooms
(raw materials) 2g of dried Hericium erinaceus, 25g of water-borne mushrooms, 1g of ham, 4g of cucumber skin, and appropriate amounts of fresh soup, cooking wine, refined salt, monosodium glutamate, wet starch and soy sauce.
(preparation method) put the dried Hericium erinaceus in a boiling water pot for about 3 minutes, take it out, remove the pedicels, squeeze the water, soak it in warm water for a while, wash it, drain the water, and cut it into thin slices along the hair; Wash the water-soaked mushrooms and cucumber skins and cut them into thin slices respectively; Slice the ham. Put Hericium erinaceus slices, ham slices, mushroom slices and cucumber skins in 4 rows respectively, and put them in a bowl. Pour the cooking wine, soy sauce, fresh soup and refined salt into another bowl and mix well, then pour it into the bowl with Hericium erinaceus, steam it in the cage for about 6 minutes, take it out, pour out the soup, buckle it in the plate and remove the bowl. The soup pot is on fire, and the soup poured out by people is boiled. Put monosodium glutamate, thicken it with wet starch, and pour it into the plate.
[ efficacy] it is suitable for chronic bronchitis.
11> Shaguo chicken breast Hericium erinaceus
(raw materials) Hericium erinaceus 8g, chicken breast 6g, scallop 5g, ham 12g, winter bamboo shoots 1g, yuba 8g, clear soup, onion, ginger, refined salt, cooking wine and cooked lard.
(Preparation method) Squeeze Hericium erinaceus to dry and cut into pieces; Cut the chicken breast into pieces; Remove tendons from scallops and wash them; Slice the ham; Slap the winter bamboo shoots loosely with a knife and cut them into pieces; Wash yuba and cut into sections. Soak yuba, bamboo shoots and scallops in boiling water respectively, take them out, put them in a casserole, heat them, add cooked lard, and when the heat reaches 6%, simmer Hericium erinaceus slices, chicken breast pieces and ham slices, add onion, ginger, cooking wine, refined salt and clear soup, stew until the chicken breast is soft and rotten, and take them out.
(efficacy) it is suitable for gastric ulcer and gastritis.
12> Hericium erinaceus stew for hens
(raw materials): 1g of dried Hericium erinaceus, 1 clean hen, 12g of pig fat, 2g of cooked ham and water-soaked winter bamboo shoots, and appropriate amounts of pepper, onion, ginger, cooking wine, soy sauce, refined salt, clear soup and cooked chicken oil.
(Preparation method) Boil the dried Hericium erinaceus in a boiling water pot for about 3 minutes, take it out, remove the pedicle, wash it and cut it into large pieces; Hens are eviscerated and washed; Slice pork fat, cooked ham and water-soaked winter bamboo shoots respectively. Heat the wok with cooked chicken oil, add ginger slices and onion slices, fry pork fat slices for a while, stir-fry Hericium erinaceus pieces, pepper, cooking wine and soy sauce, take out the wok, pour into a bowl, remove onion slices and ginger slices, and together with winter bamboo shoots and cooked ham slices, fill the chicken cavity from the opening of the hen and enlarge it.