1, current situation of vegetable circulation at home and abroad
The sales of vegetables abroad have been very developed. In Europe, group ordering and family ordering have accounted for 40%, and the rest of the demand is generally supplied by supermarkets. As a distribution center, supermarket can also be regarded as a kind of vegetable distribution. Due to the fast pace of life, Japan has done a good job in vegetable distribution, with an annual output value of tens of billions.
In the developed coastal areas of China, the vegetable distribution business has developed rapidly in recent years. For example, in Beijing, Shanghai and other places, many communities have distribution centers, and the ordering business has developed rapidly. Wanjiahuan, a vegetable distribution company in Shenzhen, has absorbed more than 30 vegetable distribution companies since the establishment of 1995, which not only monopolized the Guangdong market, but also extended to Hainan, Yunnan, Fujian and other places. In 2003 alone, the vegetable sales in Guangzhou market reached 6 billion.
Xi is a provincial capital with dense universities, and the distribution of universities is relatively concentrated. With the expansion of enrollment scale, the number of college students is generally above 1 10,000, and some can reach 30,000. Plus the teaching staff, it is a huge consumer group. At present, the vegetables needed in college canteens need to be purchased by special personnel every day and equipped with special trucks, which is time-consuming and laborious. Because we don't know the source of vegetables, it is difficult to guarantee the quality and quality of vegetables. If the vegetable distribution mode is adopted, the above shortcomings can be avoided.
Advantages of adopting vegetable distribution in 2 Xi colleges and universities
Every evening, colleges and universities browse websites to get information about various vegetables and send orders (which can be telephone, fax, e-mail, etc. ) according to the demand to the logistics center. After summarizing and adjusting the university orders, the logistics center will deliver the goods on time according to the order requirements and the specific situation of the supply and demand side. Its advantages are as follows:
It is convenient to order food, saving time and effort. With a phone call or an email, you can buy all kinds of vegetables you need without leaving home, and you don't have to send someone to buy them or prepare your own delivery tools.
The price is cheap. One of the benefits of distribution is to form scale effect by collecting goods, reduce intermediate links and greatly reduce the cost of vegetables.
The quality of vegetables can be guaranteed. The distribution center has its own vegetable base, which has strict requirements on the cultivation of vegetables, the use of pesticides and the quality of vegetables. In order to reassure customers, the cleaning, disinfection and processing of vegetables in the distribution center also have strict regulations, and the fresh-keeping time of vegetables is absolutely guaranteed within 24 hours, which is safe, hygienic and fresh.
Accurate delivery time. Vegetables are delivered to colleges and universities at 8-9 am and 2-3 pm every day.
3 college vegetable logistics distribution plan
3. Basic functions of1
Distribution is actually a process of collecting and distributing goods, including three steps: concentration, classification and distribution. These three steps consist of a series of distribution operations. The basic functional elements of distribution mainly include collection, sorting, distribution, loading and delivery.
Collection of goods: collection of goods is the primary link of distribution, that is, gathering scattered goods that need to be distributed for sorting and distribution. Xi 'an's colleges and universities are mainly concentrated in the southern suburbs, so we can establish a vegetable base in the southern suburbs and adopt the way of large-scale production to send a certain amount of vegetables to the distribution center according to the order requirements every day.
Sorting and distribution: After receiving vegetables from the vegetable base, the distribution center will immediately select and equip them according to the category, quality and requirements of the colleges and universities, and label them to reduce errors, improve the quality of distribution and strive to establish a brand.
Loading: Loading refers to making full use of the carrying capacity and volume of the means of transport and adopting advanced loading methods to arrange the loading of goods reasonably. In the vegetable distribution plan of colleges and universities in Xi, trucks are mainly used for transportation.
Distribution: Distribution refers to the delivery of prepared vegetables to colleges and universities according to the distribution route determined by the distribution plan, and handover. How to determine the route and effectively combine the assembly with the route is the characteristic of distribution and transportation, and it is also a difficult point.
3.2 Determination of Distribution Network Structure
Distribution network structures are generally divided into three types: centralized, decentralized and multilevel. Which distribution network to choose depends on the level of outbound transportation cost and inbound transportation cost. Outward transportation cost refers to the transportation cost from distribution center to customers, and inward transportation cost refers to the transportation cost from goods suppliers to distribution center.
1) Centralized distribution network: This distribution network has only one distribution center, so centralized inventory is conducive to reducing inventory and realizing economies of scale. However, there is a tendency to increase the cost of outbound transportation. Its characteristics are low management cost; Low safety stock; Long delivery time for users; The transportation cost of outbound transportation is relatively high.
2) Decentralized distribution network: This scheme sets up multiple distribution centers according to the distribution of users, which is characterized by low outbound transportation cost, high inbound transportation cost, increased management cost and scattered inventory, but it can relatively shorten the lead time of users.
3) Multi-level distribution network: This distribution network is a combination of centralized and decentralized distribution networks.
Considering the geographical location of colleges and universities in Xi, the location of vegetable bases, the traffic conditions and transportation costs of each node, it is decided to adopt a centralized distribution network.
3.3 Determination of distribution mode and service mode
Vegetable distribution mode belongs to urban distribution center and is a processing distribution center. After the distribution network is determined, distribution mode and service mode become the key to reduce distribution cost and improve service level. Because of the particularity of vegetable distribution (vegetables are not suitable for storage), it is advisable to choose the straight-through distribution mode, that is, after the goods arrive at the distribution center from the vegetable base, they are quickly sorted and transferred, and delivered on time within 12h. On-time delivery is characterized by the accuracy of time, which requires the goods to be delivered at the specified time according to the user's production rhythm, and can completely realize "zero inventory". In order to realize the efficiency and accuracy of the whole logistics information system, it is necessary to adopt the distribution mode of combining e-commerce with distribution system. Vegetable distribution network has become a platform for business and information exchange among logistics centers, vegetable bases and universities.
3.4 Determination of distribution route
Before discussing the route of vegetable delivery, let's discuss a traveling salesman (TSP) problem: a traveler starts from the starting point and returns to the starting point after passing through all the cities to be reached. It is required to arrange its travel route reasonably, so that the total travel distance (or travel time, travel expenses, etc.). ) The shortest [2]. If the distribution center is regarded as the starting point and the end point of the distribution route, then the distribution route problem is a traveling salesman problem.
Set out, arrive at P 1 and P2, and return to P0. Through route comparison, Scheme 2 is obviously more economical and reasonable than Scheme 1. The saving amount is (2d1+2d2)-(d1+D2+D3) = d1+D2-D3, but the precondition of this saving formula is that all nodes can be directly connected, that is, there is a shortest path.
Based on the geographical distribution of Xi 'an universities, it can be found that the traffic routes of Xi 'an universities are horizontal and vertical, which does not meet the above requirements. Therefore, route design is of little significance, but it is of great significance in other distribution problems.
4 the establishment of the website
As a pure commercial website, the website of vegetable distribution center mainly provides the most convenient and quick way to buy food for new customers through e-commerce mode, so that netizens can really buy a high-quality and cheap vegetable without leaving home. At the same time, introduce and publicize the company's various products. When browsing the webpage, consumers can see the pictures and detailed information of all kinds of latest vegetables provided by the website, and provide professional nutrition recipes for different customers to meet their various requirements.
5 conclusion
Here, the logistics distribution of vegetables in colleges and universities only plays a role in attracting jade. With the increase of professional women and the change of people's consumption concept, the active vegetable distribution for industrial and mining enterprises and families will become the mainstream form of agricultural products sales in the future with its advantages of reasonable price, time saving, short sales cycle and stable quality, with unlimited business opportunities.