1, general measures (1) When acute biliary colic occurs, fasting should be done and nutrition can be supplemented through veins. (2) After the chronic or acute attack is relieved, you can eat a light liquid diet or a low-fat low-cholesterol high-carbohydrate diet. The daily fat intake should be limited to less than 45g, mainly limiting animal fat, and adding a proper amount of vegetable oil (beneficial to gallbladder function). Cholesterol should be limited to less than 300 mg per day. Carbohydrate should be guaranteed to be 300 ~ 30 grams per day. Protein should be moderate, too much can stimulate bile secretion, too little is not conducive to tissue repair. Dietotherapy (3) provides abundant water-soluble vitamins C and B vitamins, but carotenoids such as fat-soluble vitamins A, E, K and astaxanthin need bile secretion to participate in absorption, so they should be supplemented appropriately according to the patient's recovery to avoid the deterioration of the patient's condition. If you really need to supplement fat-soluble vitamins A, E, K, carotenoids, etc. You should supplement it by intravenous injection. (4) Proper dietary fiber can stimulate intestinal peristalsis and prevent cholecystitis. (5) Drinking a lot of alcohol is beneficial to bile dilution, and you can drink 1500 ~ 2000ml every day. (6) A small amount of meals can repeatedly stimulate gallbladder contraction, promote bile excretion, and achieve the purpose of drainage. (7) Avoid irritating food and alcohol. (8) Reasonable cooking methods such as boiling, soft burning, marinating, steaming, stewing, stewing and stewing should be adopted to avoid frying and frying. High-temperature oil contains cracking products such as acrolein, which can stimulate biliary tract and cause acute attack of biliary tract spasm. (9) Proper food temperature, supercooled and overheated food are not conducive to bile excretion. 2. Food selection for cholecystitis (1) Choose foods with high quality and relatively low cholesterol content in protein, such as fish, lean meat, milk and bean products, and control the intake of foods such as liver, kidney, brain or roe. (2) Ensure the supply of fresh vegetables and fruits. Green leafy vegetables can provide necessary vitamins and proper cellulose, which should be guaranteed. Foods such as yogurt, alpine plants and brown rice are also beneficial to patients. (3) Reduce the intake of animal fats such as fat and animal fat, and appropriately increase the intake ratio of vegetable oils such as corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil and soybean oil. (4) Avoid spicy food such as pepper, curry and mustard, and avoid alcohol, coffee and strong tea. 1, after the patients with cholecystitis are forbidden to eat, fat and gastric acid stimulate the small intestinal mucosa to produce cholecystokinin, which causes the gallbladder to contract and discharge bile into the small intestine to participate in the digestion and absorption of fat. If the gallbladder bile duct mucosa is inflamed, the bile duct is blocked and bile is not discharged smoothly, it will affect the absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins. At the same time, the ratio of cholesterol to cholate in bile changes, and the concentration of cholesterol increases, which is easy to cause gallstones. After eating fat, the gallbladder contracts, the right upper abdomen aches, and even severe pain and nausea. Therefore, patients with cholecystitis should limit the amount of oil they eat, 20 ~ 30 grams per day in acute phase and 50 ~ 60 grams per day in recovery period, so as to avoid eating fat. The diet should be light and easy to digest, and avoid foods with strong irritation and crude fiber such as peppers, onions and radishes. Avoid eating less and eating more meals, eating less and eating more meals, and drinking more soup to facilitate the secretion and discharge of bile sweat; Avoid fruits and vegetables that produce gas and smell, so as not to aggravate abdominal distension. Patients with cholecystitis and gallstones should not eat the following foods: eggs: flat and sweet. Although they have the functions of nourishing yin, moistening dryness and nourishing blood, people with gallbladder diseases should not eat them. Meng Wei, a food doctor in the Tang Dynasty, once said: "Chicken is fashionable and should not be eaten more." "Life Taste Diet Spectrum" also said: "Eating too much will dispel wind and block qi, ... jaundice, fullness and liver depression can't be eaten." Modern medicine believes that eggs (especially yolk) contain extremely high cholesterol, and one of the factors causing gallstones includes the disorder of cholesterol metabolism, so foods with high cholesterol should be avoided. Except eggs, other poultry eggs, including duck eggs, goose eggs and quail eggs, should not be eaten more. Fat pork: it is flat in nature, sweet and salty, and can nourish yin and tonify deficiency, but it is not suitable for people with cholecystitis and gallstones. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that gallbladder diseases are mostly caused by damp-heat blocking the liver and gallbladder. Compendium of Materia Medica says: "Eating more pork helps to clear away heat and phlegm, and helps to dispel wind and remove dampness". Especially fat pork, which is greasy and sticky, has a strong fat flavor, and people with gallbladder diseases should avoid eating it. Modern research believes that fat pork is a high-fat food, and the key for patients with cholecystitis and gallstones to avoid eating is to control fat food, otherwise too much fat food will cause gallbladder contraction pain. Pepper: hot in nature and pungent in taste. Li Shizhen once said: "Pepper, pungent and hot, moves qi for pure yang and pungent, and heat helps fire. The taste is very strong. " Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis are mostly positive heat syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine, so anything spicy and helpful to fire should be avoided, including pepper, pepper and cinnamon, which should not be taken. Modern medicine believes that spicy, spicy and irritating foods such as peppers are the most likely to cause strong contraction of the gallbladder and induce biliary colic. Mutton: It is a kind of warm tonic food. Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor in the Han Dynasty, once said, "People who have a fever should not eat it." "Introduction to Medicine" also holds that "people with phlegm and fire" should not take it. Cholecystitis and gallstones are mostly caused by excessive damp-heat in gallbladder channels, while mutton is warm and nourishing, so it is not suitable for eating. Chicken: warm and sweet, fat and stagnant. People with cholecystitis and gallstones should not eat it, so as not to stimulate the gallbladder and cause biliary colic. 2. Cholecystitis and hepatobiliary cleaning Cholecystitis is mostly chronic, and acute cholecystitis is mostly acute attack of chronic cholecystitis. Patients with chronic cholecystitis often feel pain or dull pain in the upper abdomen after meals, which is related to eating greasy and cold food. They often have dull pain under the right scapula, right rib or right waist, mild tenderness under the right upper abdominal rib margin, or discomfort. For chronic cholecystitis, only anti-inflammatory and cholagogic drugs can be used to control symptoms at present. However, even if anti-inflammatory and cholagogic drugs are used, the improvement of symptoms may not be ideal, and acute attacks are inevitable. Cholecystitis complicated with gallstones is common, and it is often recommended to remove the gallbladder surgically. But surgery is not an ideal treatment. Cholecystectomy is not complicated, but it is a hidden danger for you without gallbladder. The gallbladder is not dispensable like the appendix. After cholecystectomy, the digestibility of fat is greatly affected. Many people are afraid to eat cold and greasy food because of diarrhea and other reactions, and their quality of life is greatly affected. In addition, most patients with cholecystitis will be complicated with intrahepatic bile duct stones. After cholecystectomy, stones still exist in the liver, which will cause the recurrence of stones at the surgical stump. If secondary choledocholithiasis occurs, it will also cause acute pancreatitis. The liver and gallbladder itself has a strong self-purification ability, which can excrete the daily metabolic waste according to the physiological rhythm. However, due to air and water pollution, pesticide residues, long-term medication, fast pace of life, drinking, entertainment, excessive intake of high protein and fat, and staying up late, work and life pressure and other factors affecting the self-purification ability of the liver, more than 90% of adults in modern society have a large amount of metabolic waste left in their liver and gallbladder. Cholecystitis patients' gallbladder contractility decreased, which aggravated the residue of waste. In recent decades, people have realized that there is a certain relationship between dietary nutrition and cholecystitis and gallstones. Cholesterol stones are related to people's overnutrition, while bile pigment stones are not unrelated to protein deficiency in food. The occurrence of bile pigment stones is also closely related to biliary ascariasis. Based on these understandings, we should pay attention to the following problems, which may play a certain role in the prevention of cholecystitis and gallstones. (1) Regular diet (three meals a day) is the best way to prevent stones. Because the gallbladder is full of bile when not eating, the gallbladder mucosa absorbs water to thicken the bile. At this time, cholesterol/lecithin vesicles are easily formed, bile viscosity increases, and finally bile mud is formed. If eaten, when food enters the duodenum, it reactively secretes cholecystokinin, causing the gallbladder to contract. At this time, a large amount of viscous bile containing bile mud is discharged into the intestine, thus preventing the formation of stones. (2) Proper nutrition and proper restriction of the contents of fat and cholesterol in the diet: The formation of cholesterol stones is related to the large amount of cholesterol in bile. Eating too much, especially when there is more fat and cholesterol in food, will increase the concentration of cholesterol in bile and promote the formation of cholesterol stones. In recent years, people's life in our country has been greatly improved, and people's diet has gradually changed from "adequate food and clothing" to eating well and carefully, and the consumption of fish, meat, poultry, eggs and other foods has increased year by year. However, with the improvement of living standards, it also brings some "rich diseases" caused by eating too well and eating too much, such as obesity, coronary heart disease and gallstones. To prevent these "rich diseases", we should pay attention to moderate nutrition, especially not to consume too much cholesterol and animal fat. The so-called moderate nutrition is to limit the quality and quantity of people's diet. The quality of diet is required to provide various nutrients in an appropriate proportion, while the quantity of food is to maintain the normal life activities of the human body. According to the principle of moderate nutrition and referring to the current eating habits and consumption level of Chinese people, Chinese nutritionists put forward the following reasonable food composition per person per month: cereal 14kg, potato 3kg, beans 1kg, meat 1.5kg, fish 0.5kg and fruit 1kg. Of course, the above standards only apply to ordinary adults engaged in general activities. In addition, taking part in proper physical labor and physical exercise can also help prevent overnutrition. (3) Ensure adequate intake of protein: protein is an essential nutrient to maintain our health. According to the research, the long-term insufficient intake of protein is related to the formation of bile pigment stones. Therefore, ensuring that there is enough protein in the diet is helpful to prevent the occurrence of gallstones. In fact, with the development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the quality of protein in people's diet has been significantly improved, so the number of people suffering from cholelithiasis in China tends to decrease. However, in some parts of China, especially in rural areas, bile pigment stones are still very common. (4) Pay attention to hygiene to prevent intestinal ascaris infection. Developing good hygiene habits, washing hands before and after meals, cleaning raw fruits and vegetables, and improving environmental sanitation are effective measures to prevent ascariasis, which is also very helpful to prevent gallstones. (5) Actively treat intestinal ascariasis and biliary ascariasis: After finding intestinal ascariasis, you should take anthelmintics in time to prevent ascariasis from entering the biliary tract. In case of biliary ascariasis, active treatment should be taken to prevent the occurrence of bile pigment stones for a long time. (6) Maintain the contractile function of gallbladder and prevent long-term stagnation of bile: For patients who fast for a long time and use intravenous nutrition, gallbladder contractile drugs, such as cholecystokinin, should be used regularly.