Features: clearing away heat and toxic materials, diuresis and detumescence. Used for snake bites.
Operation:
The first seven ingredients are filed (if fresh grass is used, it must be washed and dried), soaked in 500 grams of rice wine for 30 days, and the residue is removed for later use.
Administration method: Adults take 30 ~ 50ml orally each time, and take it twice in severe cases. Bungarus bungarus bite, take 1 time every half hour, and take it three times in a row. After the symptoms improve, take/kloc-0 every 2 ~ 3 hours. People bitten by wind-blown snakes and bamboo leaves should take 1 time every 2-3 hours (once every 0.5 hours for severe cases and 1 time every 2-3 hours after the symptoms improve), and at the same time, use medicated wine to rub the swelling and pain around the wound from top to bottom, 4-5 times a day. Children and women can add warm water to medicinal liquor.
Usage of big gold without changing flowers
Promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis
1. A small amount of Panax Notoginseng (3 ~ 5 flowers) is directly brewed with boiling water (200ml), which has the functions of clearing away heat, protecting liver, lowering blood pressure and calming the nerves.
2. A small amount of notoginseng flowers (3 ~ 5 flowers) and a proper amount of olives are brewed with boiling water, which can treat acute pharyngitis.
3. 10 gram of notoginseng and four eggs. Boil the flowers and eggs for 10 minutes, then break the eggs and cook for 30 minutes. Eating flowers and eggs together can treat high blood pressure.
4. Soak notoginseng flowers in warm water 1020 minutes, stir-fry the meat until it is 70% mature, and then stir-fry the flowers and meat together, which has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
(1) Overview
Alias Tianqi and Sanqi.
Sanqi wall Araliaceae plants, roots and rhizomes are used as medicine. It is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine, which can stop bleeding, remove blood stasis, reduce swelling and relieve pain. It is the main component of Yunnan Baiyao, and the leaves of the same plant can also be used as medicine and tea. Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi and other provinces are also cultivated. The southern foot of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province was successfully introduced.
(2) Plant characteristics
Perennial herbs. The stem is erect, 30 ~ 100 cm high, with longitudinal stripes or angular edges. There are fleshy rhizomes and roots lying underground. Palmately compound leaves are 3-5 whorls at the top of the stem, with 5-7 leaflets, oval or lanceolate, green leaves, serrated leaves, dense fine bristles in veins, umbels, solitary at the top of the total flower stalk, and many small flowers on them. Drupe berry-shaped, nearly kidney-shaped, green when tender, red when ripe, seed 1-3.
(3) Growth characteristics
I prefer warmth to cold. Suitable for planting in areas where there is no severe cold in winter, no intense heat in summer and the temperature difference between the four seasons is small. After freezing, roots and seeds are damaged by freezing and mildew. I like semi-yin and semi-yang, suitable terrain, orientation and slope. Where there is water, avoid direct sunlight. The annual average temperature in Yunnan producing areas is 20. 1℃, the average maximum temperature is 34℃, the average minimum temperature is 4℃, the annual average temperature is 15 ~ 17℃, and the annual precipitation is 920.9 mm. In the whole growing season, the air relative humidity is required to be very high, and 70% ~ 90% is appropriate. If it is lower than 50o ~ 60%, it will cause serious leaf diseases (physiological diseases), resulting in all leaves drying up and falling off. Sanqice can only grow one palmately compound leaf a year and three in two years.
(4) Cultivation techniques
1. Land selection and preparation
Generally speaking, black sandy loam is the best anti-corruption soil. The optimum soil pH is 4.5 ~ 7. Corn, beans and peanuts are better in the previous crop, and the preparatory course should not be selected in the previous crop. Sowing in late August, ploughing the land in three times, with the first ploughing depth of 3 cm and the second ploughing depth of 4-5 cm, and raking once. Ploughing for the third time, with a depth of 5cm, finely raking the soil, immediately making a bed with a height of 25-30cm and a width of100-110cm, making the bed surface into a comb back shape, and draining water between the beds for 45-60cm, and then transplanting the bed to the sowing place. There are three methods of applying base fertilizer during sowing and planting: (1) directly applying fertilizer on root soil or seeds to cover the soil. (2) Half of the fertilizer is mixed into the border soil, and the other half is used for covering soil. (3) Cover a small amount of middle soil on the border with fertilizer. The above three methods all require a depth of 2 cm.
2. Breeding method: Breeding with seeds.
(1) Select and keep improved varieties.
Three-year-old plants should be used as seeds of Panax notoginseng. Every year in June165438+1October, when the fruit is ripe, it should be picked with the red, or when it is more than 80% ripe, it should be picked once in sunny days, and the peel should be removed. Mature seeds full of pests and diseases should also be picked and sown. If it is too late to sow, the fruit must be placed in a sieve with a thickness of about 0.5 ~ 1 cm and stored in a cool and ventilated place for about 10 day. If the seeds are transported abroad, they should be peeled, washed, mixed with twice as much wet beer and stored in a water tank.
(2) Sowing method
Winter sowing is mostly used in the main producing areas (also in Shaanxi), and spring sowing (after thawing) can also be used in the north, with row spacing of 2 cm and plant spacing of 1.7 ~ 2 cm. The seeds are unevenly distributed and the plants grow unevenly. Cover the soil (in fact, cover it with fertilizer, or cover it with fine soil with base fertilizer as mentioned above) 1.7 ~ 2 cm, and don't cover the seeds. Cover with weeds to avoid soil hardening. Sow in winter in the south, it will emerge in about 3 months and come out in 4 months. Sow in winter in the north, and cover with grass after sowing to prevent the soil from freezing. If the seeds sown in spring must be stored in wet sand, sow with cracked or germinated seeds and emerge one month after sowing.
(3) Planting method
One year or two or three years after sowing, the seeds are planted in 65438+February in the south, and in165438+1October or from mid-March to early April (after soil thawing) in the north, when the seeds germinate. Don't hurt the roots when digging seedlings. Select healthy and pest-free Panax notoginseng roots, classify them according to size, and plant them separately. Planting method: ① The whole bed is horizontally slotted (pool), with a flat bottom, about 6 cm deep and wide enough to accommodate Panax notoginseng, with buds facing down and tail roots inclined, with row spacing of 4-5 cm. (2) Double-plant planting: a small ditch with a depth of 4-5 cm and a ditch spacing of 5-6 cm is horizontally opened in the border along Sheung Shui. Then put the roots of Panax notoginseng bud to bud, put one tree every 6 cm from tail to tail along the ditch, and put two trees in the border. Cut the prepared fertilizer and cover it with a thickness of about 1 cm, based on the fact that no buds are exposed, and then cover it with grass with a thickness of about 1 cm, based on the principle of invisibility.
Experiments in recent years have proved that direct seeding of Panax notoginseng has deep forbidden roots, enhanced drought resistance and significantly increased yield.
3. Tian Tuan management
(1) topdressing
Fertilizer should be decomposed, and the amount should be several times more. Apply more smoked soil at seedling stage, and apply it for the first time after spreading leaves, 2250 ~ 3000 kg per hectare; Apply again in half a month. After May, pig, horse, human excrement and oil cake were mixed with fertilizer, with a weight of 37,500 kg per hectare. After June, 30,000 Jin of manure will be applied every month until August. Dry fertilizer is applied once in April to May of the second year after planting. From June to August, the manure is cleared once a month, with 22,500 ~ 45,000 kg per hectare, based on the principle of more appropriate amount. The time and frequency of top dressing of panax notoginseng for more than 3 years are earlier and more than that of top dressing of panax notoginseng in 2002. After leaf spreading, clean manure water is used once a month, 22,500-30,000 kg per hectare, mixed dry fertilizer is applied in plant ash at budding stage and flowering stage, 45,000 kg per hectare, and bud covering fertilizer is applied again in September-65,438+1October, so as to protect buds and promote growth.
(2) Drainage and irrigation
The root system of Panax notoginseng is distributed in the surface layer of soil, and its drought resistance is very weak. Throughout the growing period, the soil must be kept moist. If the soil is dry and the roots of Panax notoginseng are dry, the roots will rot easily after watering. After planting, cover the grass, generally water it once to drive away the water, and then water it every 10 ~ 15 days. Drainage should be strengthened in rainy season to ensure that there is no water in the park and the water flow outside the park is smooth.
Keep the air moist: Try planting Panax notoginseng in the north. Before July, the air relative humidity was very low, and dry leaf disease was serious. You can support an arch with thin bamboo and cover it with plastic film to keep the air humidity high, but pay attention to ventilation and uncover the film in rainy season.
(3) build a shade shed
After the frame is completed, a canopy with a height of 100 ~ 180 cm is built with wooden poles, bamboo, corn stalks, weeds and other materials, with a light transmittance of 30% and a fence around it. The light transmittance of the shade shed must be adjusted at any time according to the different growth periods and seasons of Panax notoginseng. The intensity of annual and three-year-old panax notoginseng is slightly higher than that of biennial panax notoginseng. Strong light is also needed at seedling stage, bolting, flowering and fruiting stage. Especially in the seedling stage, there must be enough light to make the seedlings grow sturdily, which is of great significance to fight against pests and diseases and high yield. Therefore, the light transmittance at seedling stage should not be lower than 35%. At this time, if the light transmittance is small, the seedlings will grow thin and long in vain, which is called "high-footed seedlings" by the seven farmers and is easy to be infected with diseases. In the dry and sunny season, the shade shed should be properly encrypted to reduce the light transmittance, and in the rainy and continuous flowering and fruiting season, the light transmittance of the shade shed should be increased. The experience of the masses is "thin at both ends and dense in the middle".
(4) playing with flowers
Bolting is a new measure to improve the yield and quality of panax notoginseng. Starting from biennialization, every year when Panax notoginseng begins to bloom, it is picked in time, except for seeds.
4. Pest control
(1) Rhizoctonia solani
Also known as "foot rot". Pathogen is a kind of ignorant fungi, which harms seeds, buds and seedlings. Seeds rot in milky pulp juice, and buds die in dark brown. The base of the injured pseudostem (petiole) of the seedling is dark brown ring, and the seedling collapses and dies.
Prevention and control methods: ① Disinfect the soil with carbendazim or Lithospermum solution before sowing. ② Pull out the diseased plants in time, sprinkle lime powder around the diseased plants, and spray 50% thiophanate methyl 1000 times or 50% thiophanate methyl 1000 times.
(2) Root rot
Also known as "rotten chicken excrement", it is a semi-harmonic fungus in fungi, which harms the roots, and the affected parts gradually turn dark brown and soft, showing a gray-white paste juice with a foul smell.
Prevention and control methods: ① Select plots with good drainage for planting, and timely drainage in rainy season. ② Use healthy and disease-free Panax notoginseng when transplanting. ③ Pull out the diseased plants in time and disinfect the diseased spots with lime. ④ During the onset period, the epidemic areas were irrigated with 0/00 times solution of carbendazim/KLOC-or 50% thiophanate methyl 1000 times solution.
(3) Epidemics
Also known as "rotten leaves". Pathogen is a kind of algae in fungi, which mainly harms leaves. The damaged leaves are dark green and waterlogged. From June to August, I was seriously ill when it was hot and humid.
Prevention and control methods: ① Clean up the fields, lift the dead leaves in winter and burn them centrally. ② Spray 1: 1: 50 bordeaux mixture for half a month 1 time, 2-3 times in a row; Spray 65% zineb 500 times solution, or 50% Deuterol 1000 times solution, or Dixon 500 times solution, 1 times, for 7 days, 2 ~ 3 times in a row.
(4) Anthracnose
Pathogen is a kind of semi-knowledge bacteria in fungi, which harms the ground. The leaves are yellow-brown, with obvious brown edges, and the black spots on cattle are easy to be perforated in the later stage. The lesions on petiole and stem are yellow-brown prismatic spots with central depression; The diseased spots on the fruit are round and slightly concave brown spots, which are seriously affected by high temperature and high humidity.
Prevention and control methods: ① Clean up fields and burn litter in time. ② The disease-free Erqi was selected as seed, soaked in 1: 1: 200 Bordeaux solution before transplanting, dried and transplanted. ③ Soak the seeds with 40% formalin 100 ~ 150 times 10 minute, wash them with clear water, dry them and sow them. ④ Spray 65% zineb 500 times or 50% bacitracin 1000 times, 7 days/kloc-0 times, 2 ~ 3 times in a row.
(5) Rust
The local name is "yellow greasy" and "yellow blister". Pathogen is a basidiomycete in fungi, which mainly harms leaves. At first, the diseased spots on the leaves are small yellow spots protruding from the needle tip, which expand in a round or radial way with irregular edges. After the spore pile of the pathogen breaks, it loses its yellow powder.
Control methods: ① Cut off the stems and leaves of diseased plants in winter, and spray Bomei 1-2 degree stone sulfur mixture. (2) Spraying 200-300 times of dinitrate powder or 0.3 degree of Bomei 6 sulfur mixture or 300 times of acid steel, killing 1 time for 7 times, 2-3 times in a row.
(6) powdery mildew
Pathogen is an ignorant fungus, which mainly harms leaves, and the diseased leaves are covered with gray powder.
Prevention and control methods: ① clear the garden in winter, cut off the leaves of diseased plants and spray Bomei 1 ~ 2 degrees stone flow mixture. ② Spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl mixture or 0.3% thiophanate methyl mixture for 7 days 1 time, 2-3 times in a row.
(7) short-bearded mite
Also known as fire spider, it belongs to Acari Tetranychidae. Adults and nymphs gather on the back of leaves to suck juice and make webs. The leaves turn yellow and finally fall off. The disk and red fruit shrivel and shrivel after being damaged.
Prevention and control methods: ① Clear the garden in winter, pick up dead leaves and burn them, and spray Bomei 1 Dose Sulfur Mixture after clearing the garden. ② Spraying 0.2-0.3 degree lime and sulfur mixed solution in April, or spraying 1 .500-2,000 times of 20% triadimefon wettable powder or 500- 1.000 times of 25% chlordimeform aqueous solution, several times a week.
(8) cutworms
See the prevention and treatment methods of ginseng.
(9) slugs
Also known as early snail or slug, it is a mollusk. Take a bite of the seed and the stem and leaf will be carved. Eating at night and early in the morning is harmful.
Prevention and control methods: ① Turn over the soil in winter. ② Before planting, use 300 ~ 375 kg of tea seed cake as base fertilizer per hectare. ③ Spraying lime powder or 3% lime water on the border during the occurrence period.
(5) harvesting and processing
After planting for more than three years, it can be harvested and processed. The harvest period is from June 65438+February to June 65438+ 10 or July-August (around beginning of autumn), which is generally controlled before flowering, and is called Chunqi. If the fruit is dug after it is red and ripe, it is called Dong Qi, so the roots are thin and shriveled, and the quality is poor. It is best to remove the bud at the beginning of flowering, so that its roots are full and full, and the quality is good. The drying rate in winter is not as high as that in winter.
After digging, remove the stems from the ground, wash away the soil, cut off reeds (narrow intestines), branches and roots, and remove fibrous roots, which is called "head". Expose your head in the sun for a day and then rub it for the first time, lightly, so as not to break the skin, repeatedly expose it to the sun and rub it until it is completely dry, which is "wool goods". Then put the wool fabric in a sack, rent bran or rice to collide back and forth, so that the appearance is brown and black, that is, the finished product. Dry the cut reed head (sheep intestine head), branch root and fibrous root respectively, and the products are called "cutting mouth", "tendon strip" and "notoginseng root". It is feasible to dry in the rain. Better use charcoal. Put a bamboo curtain on a shelf with a height of 100cm built in advance indoors, and put Panax notoginseng on it. The fire should not be too big, the firepower should be even, and it should be turned constantly during the baking process. Kneading method is the same as above.
Growing environment: This product is an annual erect or flat herb. Born on barren slopes, hills, or in the wilderness and sunny places, it is drought-tolerant and can adapt to growth regardless of fertile soil.
Distribution: Distributed in all parts of this province and southern provinces.
Medicinal parts: whole grass.
Collection period: summer and autumn.
Self-mining location: hill.
Sexual taste: sexual flat, sweet.
Function: removing blood stasis and relieving cough.
Indications, dosage and usage: 1, traumatic hemoptysis: dried pork 5 yuan to 1, decocted; 2, bitter chest pain: usage is the same as above; 3, leather snake: usage is the same as above.
Prescription 1: (Prescription for treating chest pain) Daikin 5 yuan, Dijinniu 5 yuan, Taujinniu Tougen 5 yuan, Chuanbaoshi 5 yuan, Tiejin5 yuan and Qingshui 4 bowls, which are not exchanged, are fried into a bowl of clothes.
(Fang Jie) Daikin does not change his cough; Sichuan crushed stone clearing away heat and removing blood stasis; Into the ground, Taurus opens the chest to promote qi and dissipate blood stasis: iron and gold cure bitter injury, cough and vomiting blood; The golden button head can clear away heat and dissipate blood stasis, and it is a good medicine for clearing away heat and relieving cough, promoting qi circulation, and removing blood stasis.
(Brother Fang): Suffering from chest pain and coughing frequently, Daikin did not change the button head and root, buried Jinchuan to break the stone, healed the wound, and opened this prescription.
Prescription 2: Daikin, pure gold, one-legged bird buckle and Bai Shan. Usage: Dried flowers from 5 yuan to 1 2, lean meat, decocted in water.
References:
Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (1959.9) introduced: Red tassel root 2 Liang, licorice root 3 Liang, appropriate amount of water, decoction, or adding lean meat to treat pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis, which is far better than Sanqi and blood worry.
There is also: Foshan folk fighting flower Hongling is a dragon boat flower, which is different from this product and should be identified in time.