1. Hakkas are a group of people in the Sino-Tibetan Chinese family. The language they use is called Hakka, so it is called Hakka ethnic group. In English, it is Hakka. In the modern Chinese dictionary, Hakkas are described as a branch of Han nationality who moved from the Central Plains and Jiangnan to the border of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong provinces in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The language they used was the pronunciation used by the nobles in the Song Dynasty.

second, in fact, Sino-Tibetan language belongs to the Chinese family, and its linguistic name, the language of "Chinese family", is not only used by "Han nationality" at present. Ethnic minorities who use Chinese include Hui, She, Manchu, etc., all of whom have no (almost no) native language.

Third, the term "Hakka" originated from the Han nationality who lived in Fujian and Guangdong coastal areas and was a special name for the Han nationality in Song Dynasty. Min-speaking Han nationality moved south in Jin Dynasty, and its language was the aristocratic language of Jin Dynasty. Cantonese Han nationality moved south in the Tang Dynasty, and its language is often called "Tang dialect". But in fact, Cantonese, Min dialect and Hakka have already infiltrated each other, and there is no absolute. So when we talk about dialects, we should simply talk about their pronunciation. In other words, Hakka Song sound, Cantonese Tang sound and Min Jin sound.

fourthly, it's a pity that since the end of the Qing dynasty, some scholars thought that anyone who moved to Fujian and Guangdong from the Central Plains belonged to "Hakka", so the theory of "Pan-Hakka" came into being.

5. The origin of the theory of "Hakka purebred" is that Guangfu ethnic group (Cantonese) slanders Hakka language group as "non-Chinese and non-Cantonese". In order to refute the slander of Hakka people by Cantonese speakers, some scholars have created the theory of overcorrection. But it is still regarded as an absolute truth by some Hakkas. In fact, Hakkas, Cantonese speakers and Min speakers have moved to South China successively, and they are integrated with each other, so it is already difficult to distinguish you from me by descent. The persistence of some scholars cannot be praised as perseverance, but should be criticized as stubbornness.

VI. The term "Hakka" was also the earliest name given by the Cantonese ethnic group to the Song ethnic group. The Min-speaking ethnic group, besides the Hakka ethnic group itself, is the first ethnic group to accept this word from Cantonese. As early as the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was recorded that "Guangzhou people called Huichao Jiaren Hakka". Up to now, "Huichaojia is still regarded as the hinterland of Hakka", namely Huizhou, Chaoshan (the northern edge, including Tai Po, Fengshun and Jiexi) and Jiaying (now Meizhou and Xingning).

7. In addition to Huizhou, Chaozhou and Jiaxing, the cities in the Hakka Base Camp include Longyan, Fujian, Heyuan, Shaoguan, Ganzhou, Jiangxi and Ji 'an. There is no second prefecture-level city with pure Hakka language except Heyuan. Meizhou prefecture-level city is regarded as the basis of Hakka dialect, but Meizhou prefecture-level city is not a pure Hakka prefecture-level city.

8. Hakka dialects are mainly divided into: Guangdong-Taiwan dialect (including northern Guangdong dialect and southern Tingnan dialect), central Guangdong dialect (including Heyuan dialect and Huicheng dialect), southern Jiangxi dialect (including Ninglong dialect and Yugui dialect) and northern Tingtai dialect (including Changting dialect and Ninghua dialect). The above dialects belong to Hakka dialects. But in fact, it seems that only people in Guangdong and Taiwan films and Tingbei films have a sense of Hakka identity. ~ ~ ~ Tingbei film is also called Minxi film, but in fact the Hakka dialect in Tingnan belongs to Cantonese-Taiwanese film. Only the Hakka dialect in Changting county and its north belongs to Tingbei area.

9. Although some Hakkas in Guangdong Province (including Hong Kong) and Jiangxi Province (Gannan) don't know that they belong to Hakka family. But the Hakkas in Sichuan, Guangxi and Taiwan Province are very aware of their Hakka identity. The stereotype of Hakka nationality is in Meizhou, Guangdong Province. Anyone who moves from Meizhou (Jiaying and Tai Po in Qing Dynasty) has a relatively strong sense of Hakka identity.

X. Hakka area, with the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces as the "base camp". Located in the eastern part of Wuling, almost all of them belong to mountainous areas, or semi-mountainous areas, or mountainous plains. Therefore, it is also called "Lingqiao area" by another name of Wuling. Another name for Hakka area is Lingqiao area. Hakka dialect is called "Hakka language" and "Ba language". Hakkas, also known as Ling people or Bo people.

-collection of origins, for reference only.