I. Monuments in the Tang Dynasty

The earliest record of Yang Guifei's deeds is the Monument to Yang Fei in Puning County, Rongzhou written by Xu Zizhen, a four-year teaching assistant of Tang Tianbao. According to "The Unified Records of Yuan Dynasty", "The inscription of Yang County is one hundred and twenty steps east of Puning County." Later, it was quoted by Yongle Grand Ceremony. The inscription is not long, and it is copied as follows: "Yang Fei, Rongzhou Yang Chongren also. Ten miles from the city. Nickname, father Wei, mother Ye. Wei Wei said that the ancestors said: "You buried your ancestors here for ten miles, and you forgot your name when you met a skill. As the saying goes,' this grave is a few feet high, and it is expensive to have a son; Cherish too low, and have a daughter is also expensive. Princess mother was born in December, and when she was born, the room was full of fragrance. The placenta is like a lotus, and you can't keep your eyes open for three days. Night dream god wiped his eyes with his hand and opened his eyes the next day. Eyes like paint, holding out the sun, eyes are not instantaneous. Muscles are as white as jade, and looks are unparalleled. Yang Kang, the commander-in-chief of the rear army, saw this and married his father with money, seeking to be a woman. The princess's family was so poor that she had to cope. Kang has two sons studying and the princess is three years old. She sat with her day and night and listened to her reading. Gradually, knowing "jade" and "Meng", the Kang couple are as precious as pearls and jade. Yang Changshi Yan took a photo of a handsome boy, heard about it and asked his mother to come. When I met Daqi, I called my wife Jue privately and said,' This woman is abnormal in posture and noble in appearance, and my two daughters are far from catching her. So I gave gold, silk and health, seeking to become a woman. Kang didn't obey, but took coercion. Send a family cry. Living without geometry, with a long history and full ranks, I returned to Chang' an and taught with two women. Only the princess is smart and proficient in melody and Ming dynasty history. Then enter Shougong. In the twenty-fourth year of Kaiyuan, Ming Di entered the palace, and his name was too real, so he was greatly favored. Tianbao room, the book is the imperial concubine. "( 1)

However, opinions vary. "Biography of Yang Guifei in Old Tang Dynasty" said: "Yang Guifei, Xuanzong, was a high-impedance scribe of Jinzhou. Father Xuanzang, manager of Zhou Shu. I was lonely in my early years and was raised by my uncle Cao. I was a Henan official. " (2)

The place of origin is not clear. "The Biography of Yang Guifei in the New Tang Dynasty" clearly states: "Yang Guifei, Xuanzong Guifei, is the grandson of Sui King IV and a disciple of Yongji (now Puban, Shanxi), so he is a Yongle person." (3)

"Biography of Yang Taizhen" said that he was "a native of Huayin, Hongnong, and later moved to Yongle Ducun, Zhou Pu." In the village, it is more specific. Later, he said: "His father Yuan (Xuan) was the governor of Shu, and the imperial concubine was born in Shu." (4)

Therefore, it was later said that Yang Fei was from Sichuan. The Biography of Yang Yuanhua (Xuan) in Old Tang Book and New Tang Book says that Yang Yuanhua (Xuan) Yan is a human being, that is, a native of Shaanxi County, Henan Province. In addition, it is said that Yang Guifei is from Liling, Hunan. There are really different opinions, and no one can say for sure.

Which of these statements should be more reliable? The author thinks that Xu Zizhen's inscription should be the most reliable. There are four reasons: first, the content of the inscription is well-founded and the context is very clear. And detailed. Although there are some legends in the article, it is not surprising that many stories of emperors, generals and heroes in history are accompanied by some legends and even superstitions. Second, the epitaph was written by Yang Guifei's contemporaries, which is the authoritative witness of this period of history. All other statements about Yang Fei's native place are far behind Xu Zizhen, the most qualified spokesperson in Yang Guifei's life. Third, this is a real inscription, which has special literature value that ordinary books and characters do not have. This is always the first thing that happens. Only with its destiny can it have its monument. For a noble lady in the Tang Dynasty, people can't just call it a stone tablet. This is within the common sense of people. Fourth, Xu Zizhen served as four teaching assistants at that time and was the prestigious dean of the school. Originally a university before the Tang Dynasty, Simen School was affiliated to imperial academy, and its duty was to teach Confucian classics. There were three teaching assistants in the Tang Dynasty. According to Liu Zongyuan's "Four-door Teaching Auxiliary Wall", "The system of four-door learning, in which the sergeant is the third class in charge of the country, the sergeant is the fourth class in charge of men, the son of Hou Bozi is a scholar, and his son is a gentleman,

Make it second to hold its own business and study the officials of Confucianism. (5) Therefore, Xu Zi was indeed a man of high status at that time. He had the responsibility to write such an inscription and would never fabricate it out of thin air.

As an ancient example, life cannot be passed on, so this monument should be built after Yang Fei's death. The style of the inscription must be praised after it is handed down, and the date of the monument must be after the text. This monument is unique; There is no conclusion from the chronicle to the imperial concubine in the palace, which means that it is not the full text, and there will be some omissions later. The inscription said that Yang Guifei "entered the Palace of Eternal Life", and later "the imperial edict entered it, which was too true and greatly favored." This is a positive record of history. After Yang Fei entered the residence of Shouwang, she became the wife of Shouwang. Xuanzong's father took her son's wife and shilled her to become a Taoist priest. The figures are so real that she went to Tianbao to register as an incest scandal of imperial concubine. The inscription is only vague and not clear, which is also the reason why "the honorable man is taboo"

There are different opinions about Yang Fei's native place, except Xu Zizhen's tablet. There are differences between Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan in the north and Sichuan and Hunan in the south. The content is simple and there are no details. The basis is that the Yang Xuanyan family, which is in the same strain, either follows the "Gao Zuling Ben" or follows the relocation and official tour of Yang Xuanyan and Yun, and there is no agreement. That family didn't understand the specific origin of Yang Guifei. What's more, it should be pointed out that these are all made up by later generations. When Liu Yun compiled Old Books of the Five Dynasties Tang Dynasty, it was more than 80 years since Yang Fei's death. When Song Taizong wrote Biography of Yang Taizhen, it was more than 280 years after Yang Fei's death. With a long history and indirect materials, their own statements are confusing and cannot be compared with the recorded inscriptions that Xu Zizhen personally experienced at that time. Even Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow and Chen Hong's Biography of Song of Eternal Sorrow written 50 years after Yang Guifei's death did not clearly affirm Yang Guifei's native place. "Song of Eternal Sorrow" only says that "Yang's children haven't grown up yet", but it doesn't say where Yang's daughter is from, who her biological father is and where her home is. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that the imperial concubine is Yang Xuanyan's own daughter. The Song of Eternal Sorrow only says that "the daughter of Hongnong Yang Xuanyan was born in Shoudi" (6). In fact, Hongnong (now Lingbao County, Henan Province) was a county in the Tang Dynasty.

It is Yang Xuanyan's town, not his hometown, and it is wrong to regard it as Yang Guifei's native place.

Second, the records of later generations.

Xu Zizhen is not the only one who says that Yang Guifei is from Rongxian County. From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, many scholars have written about it, and many historical books have detailed records. Since the Yuan Dynasty Historical Records, the Ming Dynasty Encyclopedia Yongle Dadian and the Ming Dynasty Historical Records recorded the monument of Xu Zizhen as a historical document, in the Ming Dynasty, there were Cao Xuequan's Notes on Scenic Spots in Guangxi, Wei Jun's Notes on Lingnan, Kuanglu's Cliff, and so on. After investigation, they all have the right to speak. Zeng said, "Shan Yang is in Xiyunling, Rong County, and Imperial concubine Tang Yang was born here." (8) Kuang Lu also went deep into Rong County from his hometown in Guangdong, visited Yang, the birthplace of Yang Guifei, and tasted well water. In the Qing Dynasty, there were many related records, and the most authoritative one was the large-scale series "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books" compiled by Emperor Kangxi. The book clearly affirms: "The imperial concubine surnamed Yang is from Yunling, Rongzhou.

Nicknamed Yuhuan. (9) At the same time, Wilson, a famous Zhejiang scholar who used to be a judge in Guilin, quoted Wuzhou Fu Zhi in the Collected Works of Western Guangdong, which also confirmed that Yang Guifei was from Yunling, Rongzhou. (10) In order to compile the Collection of Western Guangdong (including essays, poems and anthologies in Western Guangdong, also known as three years), Wilson has been searching for literature and history materials in Guangxi, Zhejiang and other places for many years, and has been immersed in research, and finally achieved great success. He is recognized as an expert on Guangxi, and is known as "an expert on Guangxi". During the Jiaqing period, scholars such as Dong Hao included Yang Fei's inscription in Puning County, Rongzhou in the influential Complete Tang Dynasty. (1 1) Before deciding to be selected, Dong Hao interviewed Xiucai Zhou of Rongxian County who lived in Beijing many times, and was selected only after being confirmed. In this regard, Zhou said in his "Yu Feng Man Bi": "The imperial concubine is also a woman's ear. Good words and deeds, not recorded in the book, but so concerned about future generations, is also sad? " In addition, due to the local chronicles of Guangxi, such as Guangxi General Records, Wuzhou Prefecture Records and Rongxian County Records, etc. Can't help but describe that Yang Guifei is from Rong County. It is rare and by no means accidental that a controversial historical female image has been recorded by so many important historical chapters and books and studied by authoritative scholars. Even though some of them are influenced by Xu Zizhen's inscriptions, authoritative scholars will never blindly follow them if the inscriptions are unreliable.

Third, praise history.

Not only that, there are many poets and poets in the past dynasties, who confirmed that Yang Guifei was born in Rong County in their chanting. Xu Zhuo, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, wrote well in the Seven Laws of "Looking Back on the Past in the Five Continents": "Wang Cao is from the end of the world, looking at the sunset with wine. Cloud cold Yuhuan concubine building, spring residual gold valley beautiful family. Dansha lonely Yao Island, bamboo sparse Mao. Only Cangwu City had a clear shadow last month. " The couplets in the poem (12) not only describe Yang Guifei, who was born by the Beiliu River (Jiangxiuhe), but also touch Liang Lvzhu, who was born by the Nanliu River. Two of the four most beautiful women in China were born in Wuzhou, Guangxi. According to extensive records, Wuzhou Prefecture at that time had jurisdiction over ten counties, including Cangwu, Rongxian, Yulin and Bobai. (13) In this way, we can see the high artistic generalization and profound connotation of this poem. Peng Qing, a Zhejiang poet born as a scholar in Ming Dynasty, wrote eight landscape poems in Rong County when he was the magistrate of Rong County in the 16th year of Yongle. Wilson's Poetry of Western Guangdong contains four poems, among which "Banzhu in Yunling" intones the folk relics of Yang Fei's hometown. A poem said, "Yunling Bamboo, why are you covered in stains?" Clouds are the tears of Yuhuan when she was young, and they are beautifully decorated. In recent years, for more than one hundred years, wanderers have been practicing moxibustion all over the world. Why is the beauty in the sky upside down? Parents don't protect themselves! I will definitely say that the ruins are Yang's, and this matter is hazy. Up to now, the trees at the foot of Yangshan Mountain are lush. The phoenix has not fallen, not sad, but a slap in the face. " (14) The poet lamented that Yang Fei's childhood was betrayed: "Why is the natural beauty reversed? Parents don't protect themselves! " However, some people pointed out that it is nonsense for bamboo to be teared: "The remains will be said to be done by the Yang family, and there is no way to verify it." The poet is absolutely right. There is no doubt that "Bambusa Yunling" comes from the attached meeting, but it also shows that it was born in Rong County. Because without the Yang family's "natural beauty" and "parents don't protect themselves", there would be no legend of "Yunling Bambusa". Any legend belonging to the affiliated association must be attached before it can be combined into text. Not out of love for this native, Rongxian people probably wouldn't have invented this legend. Jie Jin, editor-in-chief of Yongle Dadian, also wrote poems to confirm that Yang Guifei was born in Rong County. He wrote in "Goulou Visiting the Ancient": "Xiagu Tongzhou in Beiliu County is a rock cage jade building in Pingdishan. Who will check the leakage of cinnabar, and people will pass on bamboo. The well in Yang Fei collapsed, and the Geling Temple (it should be Geling Temple) in autumn is overgrown with weeds and trees. But remember that the hometown mountain is better, and the brocade robe belongs to the boat. " (15) Jie Jin was demoted and came to Rongzhou Beiliu. When he passed Rongzhou, he saw the abandoned Guifei well and sang this song. Now this poem is still engraved in the gun eyes of Beiliu County. This well refers to Yang Guifei's hometown well, under the stone pile in the corner of Raojiawu, Yangpi Village, Rong County. There are Huangpi fruit trees nearby, not far from Bian Xi Village Road. Later, because Mr. Feng Shui said that the well was unfavorable, the villagers quarreled every time; It is also a fallacy to drink water from the well, so the villagers blocked the wellhead with big stones.

For Yang Guifei's native place, the most clear expression in her poems is the Song of Yang, which was first published by Zhejiang poets during the Yongzheng period of Qing Dynasty. The poem says, "john young is full of dust, and the pear blossoms are buried in the rain. Yang is from Puningli, Rongzhou. Qi died late and robbed the sand, and pedestrians visited the Yang family. The beauty of the land is forbidden by the palace, and the traces of the next generation are drawn to the well ... this well is full of clouds and waves, and the ancient waves do not move. If you don't see me, Liang's daughter will be covered in pearls, and she will not hesitate to bury Jingu when she falls. A spoonful of spring leaves and double pepper mountains, creeping grass green. " (16) This ancient poem also compares Yang Guifei with Lvzhu, which shows that ancient poets are very interested in the fact that these two ancient China beauties were born in the North and South Rivers, and deeply sympathize with their misfortune. In addition, there are many poems about Yang Fei in this place, so I won't list them here.

Four. Evidence of historical sites

In Rong County, Yang Guifei's hometown, there are not only many records of poems, but also places of interest for textual research. Besides Yang and Yunling Bambusa mentioned above, there are dressing tables, Yang Feishan and Yang Feimiao. The dressing table is located near Zhenwu Pavilion, a site of the Tang Dynasty outside the East Gate of Rongcheng County. According to legend, it was a summer resort for officials in ancient Rongzhou. Yang Guifei was bought and raised by Yang Kang and Yang Xuanyan, and lived there for some time. Later people call it a dresser. Unfortunately, buildings have disappeared for a long time, coupled with natural and man-made disasters, but the foundation is still recognizable and people's poems are still there. Wang Weixin, a poet in Rongxian County in the Qing Dynasty, once sang: "The spring breeze in the inner hall sweeps ten eyebrows, and the name is eternal. Xiulou Pavilion is clearly there, but the dressing case of Furong is suspicious. Mimi Hot Springs have no brocade sill, while Xiaoxiao Spotted Bamboo has a deserted temple. The scholar clung to the past as if he had seen it with his own eyes and was worried about his gratitude. " The second, third and fourth sentences in the poem (17) are aimed at the ambiguity of Yang Fei's native place. It is said that because Yang Fei is nominally the daughter of Yang Xuanyan (with a long history), there are different opinions about her trace (referring to her birthplace). Her body was clearly placed beside the embroidered river, which made her birth story a mystery. In the second half of the poem, two historic sites, Banzhu and Yang Fei Temple, are quoted as evidence, saying that this place (literati) made him "seem to have seen it with his own eyes", and his kindness was vividly on the paper. Zhao Dexiang, a Jiangxi poet in the Qing Dynasty, also made it very clear in the first couplet of the poem "Dressing House in Rongxian County": "The peaks of the group pull out Dai to lead a cruise ship, Changyang Prefecture." (18) Yang Feishan is on Jinniuling near Yangpi Village, also known as Lion Mountain. This is the location of the tomb hill mentioned by Yang Guifei's father in the inscription. Yang Guifei's ancestors were buried on it, and her grave is called "Empress Dowager Point Soldiers", which is very unique. It can be seen from here that there is no doubt that Yang Guifei's ancestral home is Rong County. Yang Fei Temple is located under the longest-preserved poplar. The temple, also known as Niangniang Temple, is quite large. In addition to the main hall, there are attached houses, and there are gardens of Yang Fei Temple in front of and behind the mountain. On the left and right sides of the temple, there are many inscriptions by scholars of past dynasties. Among them, there is a famous sentence written by Li Bai in Qingpingdiao: "Clouds need clothes and flowers ..." Next to it is a couplet with a unique artistic conception and a moxibustion population: "There is silence around Modao empty mountain, and I still smell the spring fragrance of Gujing." There is also a silver plaque in the temple, engraved with the date of birth and death of Yang Guifei. In addition, there are several stone tablets of different ages in the temple, but unfortunately, due to improper preservation, the inscriptions are peeling off. Undoubtedly, these monuments naturally become evidence that Yang Guifei was born in Rong County. During my work in Rongxian County Committee from 65438 to 0950, I heard comrades who worked in sheepskin village from the countryside come back to talk about Yang Fei Temple. Regret a catastrophe, and now I hear it's gone!

The four beauties in China's history all have places of interest related to their birthplace. As the hometown of Stone, there are Huansha Stone, Huansha Pavilion and Xishi Valley in Zhejiang County. Wang Zhaojun's Xingshan County in Hubei Province includes Zhaojun Village, Zhaojun Well, Wangyuelou, Toffee and Dresser. In Bobai County, Guangxi, there are Green Pearl Well, Green Pearl Temple and Green Pearl River. In Rong County, Yang Guifei's hometown, there are Guifei Well, Yang Fei, Guifei Temple, Dressing Table and Yunling Bamboo. Yang Guifei, Zhaojun of Rainbow, has the most related places of interest. These are landscapes designed for people, monuments handed down by people, and evidence recognized by the broad masses of the people for thousands of years. "West courtyard stone, imperial concubine gave birth to a village. The tears of Xiangquan were there and once shone on Ma Wei's soul. " (19) The Five Wonders by Zhou Zhixun, a Hunan poet in the Qing Dynasty, more or less revealed the reference value of this monument. In the early years of the Republic of China, Qiu Meng, a Guangxi poet, also made a positive statement in Gui Hua. After listing Lv Zhi, Wang Zhaojun, Shi, Xue Tao and other famous hometown monuments, he went on to say: "There are Rong County and Yang Feijing, named after beautiful people." (20)

Verb (abbreviation for verb) My hometown is Guo Jia.

Yang Guifei is cool and likes litchi. People who used to love litchi are not necessarily Lingnan natives who produce litchi. Su Dongpo and Bai Juyi both praised litchi, so they are not from Lingnan. However, some people have proved that Yang Fei, who loves litchi, is from Sichuan, because she also produces litchi in Sichuan (the quality is quite poor), so let's talk about it here. In addition, we can also see the clue that Yang Fei was born in Rong County in the poems of predecessors. Litchi is a subtropical specialty, most famous in Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian. Among them, the varieties of hanging green leaves and black leaves produced in Zengcheng, near Guangzhou, are the most precious, and they are royal tributes in the Han and Jin Dynasties. Song Liang, the champion of the Southern Han Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, wrote a poem on litchi, explaining the relationship between Yang Guifei and Lingnan litchi. The poem says: "It's hard to paint a red robe when it's wet and rouge is bright." Beauty wins in the best taste of food, and God favors the outside world. Orange pomelo is far from a tribute, and salt plum should be served with Gonghe soup. If there is arable land in Kinmen, it must be the first in the world. "(2 1) Song Liang is a native of Pingnan County, adjacent to Yang Guifei's hometown. Yang Guifei's hometown Rong County is also the origin of litchi. About three kilometers to the west from the current bus station, there is a village named Litchi Root, which is a famous litchi producing area in ancient times. After Yang Guifei entered the palace, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Guangdong to enter litchi in order to please the beloved princess. Every year, litchi is sent from Guangdong to Chang 'an Palace through the post road, and it stops day and night, changing at one stop. On this matter, the historian Sima Guang's masterpiece Zi Tongzhi Jian is the most conclusive: "Yang Guifei has a pet, and every time she rides a horse, Gao Lishi holds a whip (Gao Lishi, a native of Gaozhou, Guangdong, whose home is close to Rongxian) ... China and foreign countries compete for gifts and clothes ... The princess wants litchi, and at the age of five, she was ordered to give it to Lingnan Post. Compared with Chang 'an, the taste and color remain unchanged. However, many people have always doubted whether this matter is true. Because, once the litchi is picked, "the first day it changes color, the second day it becomes fragrant, and the third day it is full of fragrance!" (Preface to Bai Juyi's Lychee Atlas) No matter how fast the post horse is and how long it takes, it is impossible to transport the picked litchi from Guangdong to Chang 'an in three days. However, the ancients had their own methods, and the publication of the Forbidden City, The Forbidden City, has files in this regard. The method is simple: cut the ripe litchi into big branches, put them in containers to hold water, raise them like flower arranging, and then ship them. Sprinkle water on the leaves from time to time to reduce water evaporation. In this case, of course, there will be a lot of damage on the road, but some of it can always be delivered fresh. At that time, the younger brother of Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister of Qujiang, Guangdong Province, was appointed as the Lingnan Runner, and Gong Litchi was planned and transported by him. Three points of meritorious service, promoted to Dr. Guanglu. Even the music history of the Song Dynasty, in which the princess was born in Shu, has repeatedly mentioned in the Biography of Yang Guifei that litchi was sent from Guangzhou in the south. It is said that Yang Guifei "tasted lychees, which are better than those in Sichuan, so she rushed every year." (23) When Yang Guifei was hanged, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty also asked Gao Lishi to pay homage to litchi from Lingnan. It can be seen how deep the relationship between Yang Guifei and Lingnan litchi is! But Su Dongpo said it was from Fujiang. He said in the poem "Litchi Tan": "Yongyuan Litchi came to Jiaozhou, and Tianbao Niangong took the city." (24) I don't know what basis? "Three hundred Tang Poems" once said: "Litchi in Tang Dynasty is mostly produced in Sichuan, with the worst quality and thin and sour flesh. Even the best is only equivalent to the inferior varieties in Fujian. " (25) Since Yang Guifei loves to eat "delicious fruit litchi" and Lingnan litchi is a traditional tribute, there is no reason to send "the worst quality" sour litchi from Fuzhou. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Zheng Gu, a native of Jiangxi, who was called Zhegu Zheng, gave a clear explanation. He wrote in the poem "Litchi": "Once upon a time, whoever fell in love, Lishan met the imperial concubine. It's a waste to teach students far away, but I'm afraid I can't get it. Catch the rosy clouds in the evening and bully you on sunny days. What do you love about Nan Huang? I forgot to come back for you. " (26) Poems about "being born in a distant place", "being angry in the sun", "going south" and "forgetting to return" are undoubtedly the portrayal of the imperial concubine and litchi being born together in Lingnan. Fan Chengda, one of the four great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty, once went to Guangxi as an envoy of peace and comfort, and said in Gui: "What a pity! There is nothing in Guilin, Guangdong, naturally it is the south, and it is all hometown! " (27) This shows that only litchi in Guangdong and Guangxi can "dominate the world". Ruan Yuan was the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi during Daoguang period in Qing Dynasty, and he was a famous academic authority in Jiangsu. He once mocked Su Dongpo in a less elegant way. He wrote in two poems "Eight Litchi Poems in Lingnan": "Books outside the ridge spread to Tang Boyou, and the wind branches exposed the autumn leaves of the Han Palace. How do you want to change Fuzhou into Guangzhou? " If Su Dongpo were still here, I really don't know how to answer. Ruan Yuan went on to write: "Yang Fei was the only one who smiled and tasted the new song. It should be Gao Lishi in front of the temple. He will miss his hometown most. " This not only clearly affirms that Lingnan litchi is a tribute, but also clearly illustrates the close relationship between Yang Guifei and Gao Lishi, two Guangdong and Guangxi people, on the issue of tribute litchi. What a "homesick person"! Not only in Gao Lishi, but also Yang Guifei's desire to taste the hometown flavor-Guangdong and Guangxi litchi. Su Dongpo's greatest misfortune in the second half of his life was to demote Huizhou, Guangdong, Dan County, Hainan Island and Hepu, Guangxi. However, in his misfortune, he tasted the world-famous Lingnan fruit litchi. After eating it, he said, "300 lychees a day. I don't want to grow up and become a Lingnan person." Since litchi in Fuzhou is a tribute, why doesn't it "belong to Fuzhou people"? "I miss my hometown the most". Yang Guifei is from Rongxian County, which was confirmed by predecessors.

6. What does a man mean?

Yang Guifei has many names. Her childhood name was Yu Niang. When I grew up, I was named Yuhuan; When it comes to entering the palace, the nickname is too real. But in the palace, she was called Yunu and a man. Zheng Yu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in his long poem Jinyang Gate: "There is smoke on the purple flute in Saburo, and resentment is like a crane calling a woman; Jade slave pipa dragon female dial, relying on songs to promote tears and sadness. " (29) This refers to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and the jade slave is Yang Guifei. Slave, originally a woman's humble name, but in the court at that time, it contained the meaning of posthumous title. This jade slave is another name of Yu Niang. As for calling her a man, it is even more obvious that Yang Guifei is from Guangxi. Guangdong and Guangxi, the land of barbarians. Zhao Tuo, the king of Nanyue in the Western Han Dynasty, is said to be a native of Guangdong and Guangxi. He wrote to Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, calling himself "barbarian emperor". In the Tang Dynasty, Zuo Chengdi Guichang, an important official of Guanghua, said in the poem "Thesis": "Ma You Yan Xi, I am very fortunate to see Luan and Shu again. A man should have something to say in spring. Don't blame Yang Fei this time! " (30) Yang Guifei is clearly called a man. At that time, in the imperial palace of Emperor Chengzu of the Tang Dynasty, besides Yang Guifei, there was also a maid-in-waiting named Xie Aman. Because she is from Xinfeng County, Guangdong Province, she is also called a man. In order to please two men, Emperor Tang Ming also called himself "Shun" in the palace to show the intimacy of homophonic address.

Kuang Zhouyi, a great poet in the late Qing Dynasty in China, also made a clear exposition on this issue in the book Two Chapters of Huifeng. After quoting the above poem of Di Guichang in He Lin Yu Lu, he affirmed: "A Yuhuan man can be described as evidence of Guangdong production. Northerners generally call the southern province "beautiful". (3 1) Then Kuang Zhouyi quoted Xu Zizhen's inscription in Yongle Dadian. Finally, he concluded: "Xu Zizhen and his concubine wrote at the same time, and all the information obtained will be correct, and there is no doubt that the concubine is made in Guangdong!" People call Yang Guifei a man, obviously because she comes from the south. The so-called "Dongyi, Xirong, Nanman and Beidi" is. Interpretation of Nan Man Zhi by Ye Fan in Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, several poets wrote poems that Guangxi was a land of barbarians, such as Crossing Man Cave by Song, Song of Man Zi by Liu Yuxi, Manjia by Xiang Si, etc. Of course, this is an insult to ethnic minorities and people in remote areas by Han chauvinism, but it is different for people to call Yang Guifei a man, because she was once loved by Tang, and the man's name was called out of the palace for the first time, so the insult became a nickname.

Seven. Debate and refute

Judging from the information listed above, it is well-founded that Yang Guifei was born in Rong County, Guangxi. However, in the 23rd year of Guangxu, the editor of Rong County Annals, led by Yi and Wang Yongzhen, recorded Xu Zizhen's epitaph, and at the same time added a note to the statement that she was born in Rong County after the appendix: "Its absurdity seems insufficient." And said, "the title spread and gradually became a reality; Building a temple is very confusing. (33) This is an authentic work of Xu Zi in the Tang Dynasty, which can be found in ancient books of the Yuan Dynasty. The fact that people from Rongxian County, Yang Fei were confirmed lasted for more than 550 years, and was dismissed as absurd for the first time. However, the accuser can't cite any absurdity, but vaguely says, "It doesn't seem profound enough. "They didn't dare to pick up Xu Zizhen's Inscription on Yang Fei in Puning County, Yeongju, and they didn't dare to involve the records of chapters and sentences in historical books. There should be nothing wrong with clinging to the legend of Yang Guifei, saying that "the princess was born in Shu" and plausibly thinking that the author of the legend of Yang Guifei is "the Tang Shi family". In this regard, Liu Jingshan (also known as Jingshan and Gengshan), an official of Chaorong County, once commented: "His people (referring to the above comments) are ignorant except posting (the stereotyped imperial examination procedure), but the poems of Peng (Qing) and Wang (political reform) are unintelligible!" (34) It shows that the person who wrote the above comments is ignorant, even Peng Qing's "Banzhu Yunling" and Wang Weixin's "Dressing Table" don't understand. They think that Peng and Wang also think that Yang Guifei's statement that she was born in Rong County is ridiculous and suspicious, so they have issued arguments such as "its absurdity is not deep enough to be distinguished" and "very chaotic". Liu Jingshan is a contemporary and younger editor of Rong County Records, and he is familiar with him and his compilation. His words are enough to explain the origin of the above comments. In the poem, there are two sentences like this: "The Yang family's affairs cannot be tested because of obscurity.". County annals think it is nonsense to be born in Rong county, but they ignore the poem title "Bambusa Yunling", which means "relic" in the sentence. The "thing" in the sentence refers to the legend that Yang Fei shed tears on bamboo and turned it into a spot, so she made a completely different understanding of poetry. In fact, why is the phrase "natural beauty upside down?" "Parents don't protect themselves" in Peng's poems is based on the inscription betrayed by Xu Zizhen when he was a child, which confirms the Yang family who was born in the local area. They also ignored this point. There is a line in Wang Weixin's poem, "Doubt about the Lotus in the Dressing Case". They think that Wang Weixin was born in Rongxian, and they also doubt whether it is necessary to dress here. In fact, Wang's poems are precisely criticizing the theory of disambiguation born outside Rongxian County. The word "different names" in the second sentence of Historical Records clearly points out that these differences were caused by Yang Fei hanging his adoptive father Yang Xuanyan. Then, the two sentences "The pavilions and pavilions in the embroidered river are clearly there, and the lotus flowers in the dressing case are suspicious" refute the ambiguity theory: "Yang Fei's bones are clearly next to the embroidered river, and it is doubtful whether she lived and dressed here. "Peng and Wang's two poems are not difficult to understand. If Liu Jingshan really said "I don't know what to say", his knowledge can be imagined. The most ridiculous thing is that the author of "Rong County Records" actually described the author of "Biography of Yang Taizhen" as "Tang Shi Family"! People with a little knowledge of literature and history won't make such jokes. Shi Yue, Zizheng, a native of Yihuang, Jiangxi Province, and Song Taizong as Lang, later known as Lingzhou, were recruited by the three views. He is a writer who has written more than 400 books. Very famous The author of Rong County Records knows nothing about this. It is no exaggeration for Liu Jingshan to say that they "know nothing but their posts". It should also be pointed out that the Biography of Yang Taizhen is not a history book, but a novel, which is a part of the novel studied by Gu. It's not official, it's history, it's unofficial history. How can fiction be used as the basis for the birthplace of important historical figures? The inference drawn from this is of course untenable. As an editor of county annals, how can he rashly deny the inscriptions of witnesses in the Tang Dynasty, and then involve the Song people in the Tang Dynasty as authoritative witnesses? These editors also use Su Dongpo's poem "Yang Jie, a prostitute in Shu": "You must believe in Yang Jiamei, and Luochuan has its own concubine pool" (35) as the basis for "My concubine gave birth to Shu". This Luochuan is Daojiang, which is now guanxian. There are rumors that there is a "falling pool". Even if the rumors are true, this is the occupied place, which can only show that I once lived in Sichuan with Yang, but I can't prove that I was born in Sichuan. Su Dongpo's poems are just impromptu gifts for Yang Jie, a prostitute in Sichuan, which shows the extent of banter. Taking this as an anecdote seems to be not rigorous and hard to believe. Besides Su Dongpo, how many people have talked about it. Even if it is a basis! This is the only ending, there is no evidence. Compared with the dazzling poems and numerous places of interest in Rong County, the birthplace of Yang Guifei, it is a world of difference! Looking through various popular dictionaries, such as China Dictionary of Historical Celebrities, China Dictionary of Names, Cihai, Ciyuan and Chinese Dictionary, there is no record that the princess was born in Shu. These ci-poetry works tend to follow the viewpoints of New Tang Book and Old Tang Book, and express their opinions, instead of adopting the viewpoint that "the princess was born in Shu" in the music history of Song Dynasty. Because it comes from the novel Biography of Yang Taizhen, and neither the novel nor unofficial history can be regarded as official history.

Yang Guifei is not Yang Xuanyan's own daughter, but her adopted daughter. It is another problem that the adopted daughter is transferred from the adoptive father. However, why did Yang Xuanyan hide her adopted daughter? Obviously, it is because Yang Guifei is smart and beautiful. She is both "fluent in language" and "knowledgeable in temperament and has a long history". She is a rare commodity that can live, and a priceless treasure in exchange for high officials and rich salaries. Because once the adopted daughter is valued by the royal family, she can honor her father and enjoy the endless happiness of the whole family. The development of history fully proves this point. So, Yang Xuanyan brought her adopted daughter Yang Guifei back to Chang 'an and became the daughter of the Yang family, which is equal to Yang Xuanyan's two biological daughters. This not only deceived the royal family, but also deceived some historians and historical novelists after the Tang Dynasty, as well as some local chroniclers. But this matter was kept from others, but kept from Yang Guifei, because she was only three years old when she was sold. After being sold, she lived in Rongzhou for a period of time, and how old was she before she was brought to Chang 'an. After entering the palace, he was favored by Xuanzong. As you can imagine, she always wanted to say these words. Xuanzong called her a "man" in the palace, which also showed that he knew the origin of Yang Fei.