For cancer patients without digestive system dysfunction, ordinary diet can be adopted. The general diet of cancer patients should be nutritious, delicious, easy to digest, rich in animal protein and vitamins, not greasy and less fried.

Ordinary diet is suitable for: (1) recovery period of cancer patients after operation. (2) Patients before and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. (3) All kinds of cancer patients without digestive tract tumor or digestive system dysfunction. (4) Patients without clinical acute symptoms such as fever and bleeding.

Ordinary diet is a common diet for most cancer patients in the early and middle stages. We should pay attention to the cooking methods and reasonable collocation of food, so that the food is rich and varied, nutritious and easy to digest, and pay attention to the taste and reaction of patients. For patients before and after receiving clinical treatment, a good general diet is one of the important measures to improve the nutritional status of patients, improve the therapeutic effect and promote rehabilitation.

Example of diet: Except for fried and indigestible food, the general diet is similar to that of healthy people. Most cancer patients in clinical convalescence need to supplement protein, calories and multivitamins, and add foods rich in animal protein on the basis of diet, such as eating more beef, chicken, fish, egg white and milk. Snacks, such as cakes, biscuits, milk, soy milk and so on, can be added 2-3 times between meals. You can eat some bread, biscuits, lotus root starch, sesame paste and other foods before going to bed. Patients should eat more fresh fruits and vegetables and eat more sweets without disturbing their appetite. Generally, you should eat spicy and exciting food.

1. Soft food

Soft food is between ordinary diet and semi-liquid diet, with less food residue and easy to chew and digest, but it can't be cooked by frying or frying.

Soft food is suitable for (1) cancer patients with weak digestive function after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. (2) Patients recovering from gastrointestinal tumor surgery. (3) Steamed bread, bread, steamed stuffed bun, jiaozi and other pasta should be taken as the staple food of oral soft rice, and tender meat such as chicken breast and tenderloin should be selected when cooking. Fish, shrimp and liver mud can be eaten, and minced meat can be made into soft meatballs or patties. Eggs can be cooked in any way except frying. Vegetables should be chopped and cooked, and vegetables with more crude fiber, such as celery, bean sprouts, leeks, peppers, mustard greens, etc., should not be eaten. Peel the edible fruit, bananas, oranges, apples and pears can be eaten. Do not eat peanuts, almonds, walnuts and other dried fruits, you can eat peanut butter, sesame paste, almond cheese and other foods.

2. Semi-liquid food

Generally speaking, liquid food is the main food with less food residue, which is easier to digest than soft food. Because semi-liquid food contains a lot of water, consumes less food and provides less nutrition, in order to meet the nutritional and calorie needs of cancer, most people eat less and eat more meals (once every 2-3 hours, 6-8 times a day).

Semi-liquid diet is suitable for: (1) There are more patients in the recovery period after tumor surgery. (2) Patients with severe digestive dysfunction. (3) Patients with dysphagia caused by oral and throat tumors. (4) patients with high fever.

For example, you can eat rice porridge, noodles, noodles, wonton, lotus root starch, biscuits and so on. Only a small amount of lean meat and tender pork, beef or mutton can be used, and they must be chopped and boiled, or stewed first and then chopped, and mixed with liver mud and vegetable mud for feeding. You can eat custard and all kinds of milk mouth, mouth pulp, tofu brain and so on.

spoon meat

Food is mostly liquid, without food residue, and easy to digest. Liquid food should be eaten less and more meals every day, but it still can't meet the daily demand for nutrition and calories, so it is only easy to use for a short time.

Liquid food is suitable for: (1) patients with esophageal cancer whose esophagus has been obstructed in the middle and late stage. (2) Patients with oral and throat tumors with dysphagia. (3) Initial food intake after various thoracic and abdominal tumors. (4) Advanced cancer patients with extreme physical exhaustion.

Examples of meals: milk, rice soup, soybean milk, egg soup or custard, fresh fruit juice and vegetable juice with sugar. However, attention should be paid to removing residues from fruit juice and vegetable juice. (Note: In order to avoid flatulence, patients with thoracic and abdominal tumors should not use milk or too sweet liquid food. )

Step 4 eat through special channels

(1) The mixed liquid food is fed by nose. If the gastrointestinal function of cancer patients is normal, but it is difficult to take orally, if they cannot chew, swallow or lose consciousness, they can be fed by nose. For example, patients with tongue cancer, laryngeal cancer and jaw tumor cannot choose this method for the time being. Low-fat fiber-free milk is the most ideal food for nasal feeding, and polysaccharide protein, inorganic salts and multivitamins can also be added. Nasal feeding diet usually includes

hospital

When making, it is generally necessary to make fine, appropriate temperature, slag-free, relatively complete nutrition and appropriate proportion of liquid food. The total calorie intake by nasal feeding every day should be1.2-1.5 times of basal metabolism.

(2) Essential diet, a kind of liquid nutrient with complete nutrition, consisting of small molecular substances and no residue. Its main components are amino acids (or short peptides), monosaccharides, fatty acids, multivitamins (water soluble and fat soluble), minerals and trace elements. Most of the essential diets are in the digestive state, and the absorption can reach 99. 1%, and it is possible to absorb 100% of amino acids. The jejunum can be placed directly through the nose and stomach through a silicone tube. Because the nutrient solution is semi-digestible, the human body only needs 65- 100 cm of small intestine to absorb and utilize it. This is a safe and economical nutritional support therapy.

(3) Gastrointestinal nutrition support method: all nutrients and calories needed by cancer patients are input by intravenous infusion, including all essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, vitamins, electrolytes and trace elements needed by human body every day. At present, the central venous infusion used in clinic can continuously and evenly input all the nutrients needed by human body, which is not affected by patients' appetite and digestive function, so that patients can maintain their metabolism in the body without eating, protect important vital organs, reduce catabolism and prolong their lives.

Hope to adopt. Thank you.