Dietary contraindications of hypothyroidism
Diet is very important for the nursing of hypothyroidism. So how should hypothyroidism patients adjust their diet? The following are your dietary taboos on hypothyroidism.
1, adding appropriate amount of iodine.
In China, 1g potassium iodide is generally added to every 2 kg to 10 kg of salt to prevent and treat goiter, which obviously reduces the incidence rate and is suitable for endemic goiter areas. In addition, pregnant women should pay more attention to the supplement of iodized salt to prevent children from suffering from cretinism due to maternal iodine deficiency.
For hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency, appropriate kelp and laver should be selected as hypothyroid vegetables, and iodine can be supplemented with iodized salt, iodine soy sauce, iodine eggs and bread. When cooking, it should be noted that iodized salt wood should be put into boiling oil to avoid iodine volatilization and reduce iodine concentration.
2. Get enough protein.
Protein intake of at least 20g per person per day can maintain protein balance. Amino acids are the basic components of protein, and about 3% of protein in human body is constantly updated every day. Hypothyroidism slows down the renewal of intestinal mucosa, affects the secretory glands of digestive juice, and reduces enzyme activity and albumin. It is necessary to supplement essential amino acids and protein to improve the condition.
Protein can choose eggs, milk, all kinds of meat and fish; Plant proteins can complement each other, such as various bean products and soybeans.
3. Limit high-fat diet
Patients with hypothyroidism often have hyperlipidemia, especially in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Therefore, the diet of fat and cholesterol should be restricted, and the daily fat supply should account for about 20% of the total calories.
Step 4 correct anemia
People with anemia should be supplemented with foods rich in iron and vitamin B 12, such as animal liver, and folic acid and liver preparations if necessary. We must also ensure the supply of all kinds of vegetables and fresh fruits.
5. Avoid choosing food.
Avoid all kinds of goiter substances, such as Chinese cabbage, cabbage, rape, cassava, walnuts and so on. Avoid foods rich in cholesterol, such as cream, animal brains and internal organs. Limit the use of high-fat foods, such as cooking oil, peanuts, walnuts, almonds, sesame paste, ham, pork belly and sweet cheese.
Nursing methods of patients with hypothyroidism
The treatment of hypothyroidism is a long process, and nursing is also very important. Patients with hypothyroidism should combine exercise with static exercise and do appropriate exercise. At the same time, patients with hypothyroidism should pay attention to keep warm and develop the habit of defecation every day. The nursing methods of hypothyroidism are:
1, because patients are indifferent, depressed and withdrawn, it is necessary to strengthen psychological care, care for patients, take the initiative to talk with patients and exchange ideas, so as to alleviate their worries, increase their interest in life and establish confidence in overcoming diseases.
2. Patients with serious illness must stay in bed: malnutrition often occurs because of anorexia. Patients should be encouraged to eat, choose a high-calorie, high-protein, digestible and low-salt diet, adjust the diet pattern and promote appetite. Coma patients should be given a liquid diet through nasal feeding.
The patient often has chills and low body temperature. If the body temperature is lower than 35℃, symptoms such as shallow breathing, bradycardia, blood pressure drop and drowsiness may occur. Most of them are premonitions of myxedema coma, so they should be rescued immediately, and warm measures should be taken, such as covering the quilt, placing hot water bottles, etc., and paying attention to preventing burns.
4, keep the stool unobstructed: patients with intractable constipation can be given laxatives, such as inducing tablets, senna and so on. If necessary, give kaisailu or saline low-pressure enema to relieve constipation.
5. Strengthen skin care for patients: scrub patients/kloc-0 times with warm water every day and apply lubricant to prevent chapped skin and infection. For patients with myxedema coma, we should do "four diligence": turn over frequently, arrange frequently, massage frequently and scrub frequently, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of bedsores.
6, accurately observe and record the patient's urine volume, closely observe the whole body edema subsided, and according to the speed of edema subsided to adjust the amount of water and electrolyte.
7. The nursing methods of hypothyroidism also include the application of thyroid preparations. The dosage should be increased according to the doctor's advice, and the curative effect and side effects of the drugs should be closely observed. If the patient has tachycardia, insomnia, excitement, hyperhidrosis and other symptoms, he should reduce the dosage or temporarily stop taking the medicine according to the doctor's advice.
If you want to prevent hypothyroidism, you need regular physical examination to check thyroid function. Improve your own immunity at ordinary times and treat thyroid diseases that may cause hypothyroidism in time. A more regular lifestyle is also very important to prevent hypothyroidism. We should learn to adjust ourselves and reduce stress.