Hunanese

Hunan dialect, including Hunan dialect, Southwest Mandarin, Gan dialect and Hakka dialect, also has some undetermined dialects, such as Xiangnan dialect and rural dialect. Hunan is a region with complicated dialects. In areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, many people can not only speak their own language, but also communicate in Chinese dialects. Xiang dialect (also known as Xiang dialect) is the most representative dialect in Hunan Province, which is widely distributed in 40 cities and counties in Xiangjiang River and Zijiang River Basin. In Hunan, the population of Xiang dialect is about 30.85 million, accounting for 3.2% of the national population.

Directory [hidden]

Classification and composition of 1

2 historical origins

Three characteristic words

4 dialect jokes

Pass the exam

6 Grammar research

7 references

The Classification and Composition of Hunan Dialect

Hunan dialect is also called Hunan dialect or Huxiang dialect. Represented by Changsha dialect, it is distributed in most areas of Hunan Province. From the internal phonetic differences, there are differences between the new Xiang dialect and the old Xiang dialect. The old Xiang dialect is widely popular in Ningxiang and Hengyang in central Hunan, and the new Xiang dialect is popular in Changsha, Zhuzhou and other large and medium-sized cities.

Hunanese

According to its internal differences, Hunan dialect can be roughly divided into three parts:

1. Changyi film: including Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Ningxiang, Wangcheng, Xiangyin, Miluo, Yiyang, Yuanjiang, Taojiang and Nanxian, as well as some cities and counties such as Yueyang, Anxiang, Anhua, Liuyang and Pingjiang. Hengyang, Hengdong, Hengnan and Hengshan can also be included here. The main feature of this dialect is that the initial consonants of ancient voiced sounds generally read unvoiced and unvoiced, whether flat or flat.

2. Loushao film: including Loudi, Shuangfeng, Xiangxiang, Lianyuan, Lengshuijiang, Xinhua, Shaoyang, Shaodong, Xinshao, Wugang, Xinning, Chengbu, Qiyang and Qidong, as well as parts of Anhua, Longhui, Suining and Dongkou counties. The main feature of this dialect is that it retains a relatively complete voiced system.

3. Chenxi film: including Chenxi, Luxi and Xupu counties. Due to historical and geographical reasons, not every place in Hunan speaks Xiang dialect. Southwest Mandarin is a branch of northern dialect. Southwest Mandarin is the second largest dialect in Hunan, mainly distributed in western Hunan, northern Hunan and southern Hunan. According to internal differences, Southwest Mandarin can be roughly divided into four parts:

1, Changli film: including Changde, Hanshou, Taoyuan, Jinshi, Linli, Lixian, Shimen, Cili, Huarong and most areas of Anxiang.

2. Jiyong film: including Jishou, Guzhang, Baojing, Huayuan, Yongshun, Zhangjiajie, Sangzhi, Longshan, Fenghuang and Yuanling.

3. Hu Aijing movies: including Huaihua, Zhijiang, Xinhuang, Jingzhou, Tongdao, Hongshi, Monascus, Huitong and Mayang.

4. Southern Hunan Film: including Yongzhou, Dong 'an, Shuangpai, Xintian, Ningyuan, Daoxian, Lanshan, Jiangyong, Jianghua, Jiahe, Guiyang, Linwu, Yizhang, Chenzhou and Chenxian. The film is bilingual, the communicative language is Southwest Mandarin, and dialects coexist everywhere.

Hakka dialects are mainly distributed in Rucheng, Guidong and parts of Youxian, Chaling and Pingjiang counties in southeastern Hunan.

Hunan Dialect-Historical Origin The dialect points of Hunan Dialect are mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of Hunan and Hippo Chef Valley and along Dongting Lake, with mixed dialects such as Shaoyang and Wugang as transition points in the southwest, including Chengbu and Suining, Hengyang and Leiyang in the southeast (although Leiyang is a southwest mandarin, it is highly mixed), and Yongxing and Zixing as transition points. As far as the whole phonology is concerned, these four points still belong to Xiang dialect, but they are not pure. The vowel system of Chengbu belongs to Putonghua system.

Hunanese

Southwest Mandarin dialect is divided into two parts: northwest Hunan and southern Hunan. The northern part of Xiangxi is connected with the Mandarin of Hubei, Sichuan and Southwest Guizhou, and the southern part of Hunan is connected with the Mandarin of Southwest Guangxi. The two pieces add up to 44 dialect points, which is the most powerful dialect in Hunan Province. Judging from the whole phonology, there is no real Gan dialect in Hunan, but the influence of Gan dialect can be seen from the mixed dialect points and independent dialect points on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi. There are two independent dialects, one is "Xiangxiang type", including Longhui and Qidong. This dialect may be originally independent, less influenced by the surrounding dialects, and retains more original features, so it is different from other dialects, and the relationship between dialect points belonging to independent dialects needs to be studied. The other is "Liling type". As far as the whole system is concerned, Liling dialect is difficult to be classified as Xiang dialect or Gan dialect, but both of them have some characteristics of Xiang dialect and Gan dialect. This dialect is likely to belong to a new dialect type. Because of the interaction between dialects (of course, it also has its own phonological characteristics), it is different from both mother tongue dialect A and mother tongue dialect B. There are also dialects such as Youxian, Chaling, Guidong and Rucheng, and the relationship between them needs further study. There are also two kinds of mixed dialects, one is the "Pingjiang type" in which Xiang dialect and Gan dialect are mixed, and the other is the "Hengyang type" in which Xiang dialect and Mandarin are mixed. Pingjiang type has only one point, while Hengyang type has eleven points, such as Qiyang, Jiangyong, Wugang, Dongkou, Shaoyang, Xinhua, Huitong, Qianyang and Taoyuan, which can be combined into one category. The mixed dialect point on Hengyang-Qianyang line is just at the fork of Xiang dialect in the northeast, southwest and southeast, and it is also the zone where the northwest and southern Hunan dialects of Mandarin are divided by Yuan, Zi and Xiang dialects. In fact, it is the junction of Xiang dialect and Mandarin. It should be reasonable for the dialects in this area to become mixed dialects. Judging from the results of the whole division, all mixed dialects or mixed independent dialects are at the junction of dialect areas, so it can be said that the division results are more in line with linguistic facts.

This division can be confirmed by the popular areas of ancient paintings and operas in Hunan.

Ancient paintings and operas are the general names of folk operas in various parts of Hunan. The names and origins of ancient paintings in Hunan are different, but its tunes and vocals are closely related to local folk songs and tunes. Singing lyrics in local dialects is a popular folk art among local people. Therefore, its popularity is roughly parallel to the geographical distribution of dialects, which can confirm each other.

Hunanese

Changsha ancient painting dramas can be divided into four categories: Changsha Road (popular in Changsha, Xiangtan, Zhuzhou and other places), Ningxiang Road (popular in Ningxiang urban and rural areas), Liu Ping Village Road (mainly popular in Pingjiang, Liuyang, Liling and other places) and Xihu Road (mainly popular in Nanxian, Yiyang, Yuanjiang and other places on the west bank of Dongting Lake), and their distribution range is similar to that of Xiang dialect center. Most of the above-mentioned scholars classify Pingjiang, Liuyang and Liling as Gan dialect, so it is entirely conceivable that the audience of Changsha ancient paintings along Pingliu Road can understand it when they perform in Changsha and Nanchang respectively.

In addition to Changsha ancient painting drama, there are two important ancient painting dramas in Hunan, and their popular areas are closely related to mixed dialects. One is Hengyang Flower Drum Opera, which is popular in Hengyang, Hengshan, Changning, Leiyang, Anren, Yongxing, Chenzhou and Chaling. It can be seen from its popular areas that it can be popular not only in Hunan dialect areas such as Hengshan and Yongxing, but also in Mandarin areas such as Chenxian and Changning, and also in independent language areas such as Chaling. The other is Shaoyang Flower Drum Opera, which is popular in Shaoyang, Shaodong, Wugang, Longhui, Xinning and Chengbu. Like Hengyang ancient painting opera, Shaoyang ancient painting opera can also be popular in Hunan dialect, Putonghua and mixed dialect areas. Judging from the formation history of Shaoyang ancient painting drama, it is closely related to Xiangxi Yang Opera and Lingling ancient painting drama, and has a deep degree of mutual influence, infiltration and integration. From the second map of the district, the vowel system of the dialect in this district has quite the characteristics of Southwest Mandarin, and most of them can be classified as Southwest Mandarin.

There are other operas such as "Kaka Opera" in Changde, Huagu Opera in Lingling and Xiangyang Opera in Xiangxi, and their popular areas all correspond to the official dialects of northern Hunan, western Hunan and southern Hunan. Characteristic words in Hunan dialect

Oh, yeah, yeah. [Example] That mobile phone is still a bit arrogant. [Example] Which official is taking the initiative now? Just want to see if he is proud of playing.

Hunanese

Tooth chi ignored it. [Example] Why can't she understand others? You were naughty, and you took the blame.

Hanging mink; Not ordinary. [Example] X Yazi is rude, so don't provoke him. [Example] Our homepage is really hanging!

Han Han is slow. Gee, you are so stupid. I'm turning around and you're turning around.

Le le, funny. He is so happy. Working with him is interesting and enjoyable. Pragmatic trade (labor exchange) low explosive (labor exchange)

Lei Lei was speechless. [Example] You told him to win? He will give you a thumbs-up in one sentence. Standing against the wall

The green building teases and jokes. [Example] Don't be green with me, two people! Tian [Tian] n.don't arrest me!

Mianmian was cheated, cheated. Why don't we join hands to give him a hand? Go to the boss and give him a few dollars for dinner.

Yang Nian activities, walking, running. [Example] It is easy to stutter and break (limp). [Example] She has hugged Mao Mao for seven or eight months, and she picked it up in four ways.

Take a break, qi. [example] I often venture back to rest. Go and have a rest. Why are you making such a noise?

Zosuo is not good. [example] obscene! Come on, just like that. [Example] The quality of leather shoes is really insignificant! Can't go ashore for a month.

Summer is bad, poor and rotten. [Example] Then she is quite rude! (meaning she is very bad, very bad), breeding word: Xixia ['Xixia] n.the son of a bitch is doing his homework in Xixia. The child didn't do his homework well. )

Show training, put on airs. He is so cute that I can't get used to it! Xiaozai

Win (function words). [Example] Did you win (were you busy)? Ha! Even cheating won't win.

Dull AiCi is ineffective and inflexible. [Example] This watch is blunt, like an abacus. If you dial, you can't even dial when you hit the field.

Anda and Anda flatter and appease. It's a good idea to keep him safe. You'll find a straight road.

Aoshijian is healthy and healthy. Are your parents still alive this afternoon? I'm always worried about that man's family, which is quite practical.

Bully Banman must be persistent and stubborn. I tell you, but you don't listen, you are a bully!

Play Banqiao with one hand. [Example] Stop joking, you can't be serious again!

I caught Bantia in an accident and tripped. [Example] You are out of your mind, and you will catch tia one day.

Bliss's dirty words. [Example] Don't fool around with me, I will be very proud! [Near] Bao Libaoqi, Chu Bao, Liu Dabao, Faha

Prepare Bedo, make an appointment in advance and say hello. [Example] Did he prepare a lump with you? [Example] Prepare the lump for ironing in advance, which can save baskets and spoons.

Gong Bei bowed back passively. [Example] You should make long-term preparations, and you should cram for the last minute!

The tide was jumping and jumping in the noisy shed, making a lot of noise. If you count him, count him back, lest he make noise in the shed and delay my business.

Hunanese

Arguing about trifles, Cheby. [Example] Sanyazi, you can't borrow the deed casually, and you only win the skin in the open!

Chen beng has the courage to help (quarrel) in lizipong. [Example] You also (ya) helped to arrange (ha) sheds, and everyone saw one. [Near] Qi went up the mountain and down the shed (ha), and everyone saw one. On the mountain [nearby]

Help Dabang. Thank you, thank you. Give you a hand, or I'll turn to jiaozi.

The desert is heavy and clumsy. [Example] It turns out that the 8200 mobile phone is like a brick. [near] Moho

Break DaPo's opposition, destroy. I'm going to open the way. Then the two of them didn't match, and I wanted to break up.

Tangke Dunk's wife; Adult female. I think I want to surf the Internet, but the leader in my room (Tang Ke) still allows me.

Drew got a bargain. Cousin Sanyazi got a lot of money today. She was laughing, so the grocer gave her a few dollars more.

Dandou made up his mind and did not turn back. Then I'll keep my voice down!

Diana, grab the bottom. I have a little idea whether it will work or not.

Some water, some water. Inform. [Example] Boss X was caught playing cards at the black spot last night (tia). I'm afraid I ordered the eye drops, right?

Ding Gong hits others (children) on the head with his crooked fingers. If you don't listen, I'll fork you two bows! Chestnut shell

Play tricks on dogs and lose them. I didn't recognize the word za, so I lost to Gou!

Understand Dongwei's understanding; Tacit understanding; Support. He doesn't have much taste, and I'm too lazy to visit him. Making love is easy, and I will taste it.

It is right to be loyal to Yu Dou. [Example] I'm good at carrying a pen, so it's annoying for you to write! People [near].

Teasing Ba Dou is not serious; Deliberately interrupt. [Example] Do better, don't tease! Then can't you make a fuss about za?

In the belly, in Li Dou. [Example] The packaging is still quite nia- thiamine, and there are countless lumps when there is za in the stomach.

Duoduo is pregnant. Then she was pregnant.

Like Hubei dialect and Cantonese, Duoduo means nothing.

Marry Ga, together.

Liu Guanglan Liu Guanglan is nothing, mainly used to refer to people. He is Liu himself. Are you still going to marry him?

Liu Kui is about to lose everything, or lost, lost. Bad luck at cards today. I'm going to be defeated by failure. [Example] Two people are playing StarCraft, and one's base is demolished. It can be said that I have defeated Liu.