Hu was a seal engraver and publisher of calligraphy and painting in the late Ming Dynasty. The word Yuecong, 10 Bamboo, originally from Xiuning, Anhui Province, lives on the side of Jilong Mountain in Nanjing. After studying Li Ruzhen's attack on six books, it is simple, easy to seal, easy to turn, true and practical.

Chinese name: Hu.

Place of birth: Xiuning, Anhui

Date of birth: 1584

Date of death: 1674

Occupation: seal engraver, publisher

Main achievements: the experiment and popularization of arch printing.

Representative works: Ten Bamboo Zhai Calligraphy and Painting Spectrum, Ten Bamboo Zhai Notes Spectrum, and Ten Bamboo Zhai Printing Spectrum.

brief introduction

He is good at painting landscapes and figures, especially flowers and ink plums. Good at making ink and printing stationery. He named his room "Shizhuzhai" because more than ten bamboos were planted in his yard. He was a bold and innovative artist in the late Ming Dynasty. He is good at seal cutting, painting, ink making and other skills, and has made great contributions to the experiment, popularization and application of block printing. He presided over the engraving printing of Ten Bamboo Paintings and Calligraphy and Ten Bamboo Notes, which became epoch-making works in the history of printing. The "arch flower" printing initiated by him also occupies an important position in the history of printing. The engraved version of the book is extremely beautiful. In the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), the painting spectrum of Dianthus caryophyllus was compiled and printed with his own printing techniques of _ edition and "Gonghua", with exquisite ink color and exquisite carving. _ Plate Printing According to the needs of printing colors, each color is carved with a small plate, which is printed in turn and looks patchy, hence the name "_ Plate". _ Printing is a great achievement in China's publishing history, which perfects and develops engraving technology. _ Edition color printing book is regarded as a treasure in the book by scholars and collectors. Today, embossing printing is also widely used in various decorative printing.

There are many paintings and calligraphy works in the collection. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), ten Notes of Zhuzhai were compiled. Lu Xun and Zheng Zhenduo called this score "Wan Qing" of the Ming Dynasty literati. He is the author of Snow Traces in Ten Bamboo Grottoes, Six Books True and False, The First Collection of India and Tibet, and Xuan Lan of India and Tibet, etc.

biography

Hu, 1584, was born in Wenchang Square, Xiuning County, Anhui Province, a family that has been practicing medicine for generations. He ranks second among the brothers, also known as the two men. Young people are enlightened, knowledgeable and literate. After the age of 30, he practiced medicine with his father and brother in western Anhui. He once lived in Wang Jiangwan, Lu 'an (now Wei 'an Village, Tao Hongji, Yu 'an District, Lu 'an City), and then moved to Huoshan to rule the people.

"Jinling Tongzhi" records: "Hu Shao studied under Li and was good at seal cutting", not only practicing good handwriting, but also being good at painting and seal cutting. When Chongzhen was appointed as imperial academy, before his arrival, the Qing soldiers went to Beijing, and the axe king and Zhu Yousong fled south in panic, but they lost the great seal of Daming. After the Axe King established a small court in Nanming, Jinling, and was recommended by Lu Daqi, the left assistant minister of the official department, Hu carefully engraved Long Wenxiu's national seal and royal treasure, and was awarded the book of Wuying Hall. After resigning, he lived in seclusion on the side of Jilong Mountain in Nanjing. He planted more than ten bamboos in front of his house, and his living room is called Dianthus. He stayed at home and concentrated on ink making, paper making and seal cutting. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he joined the anti-Qing organization Fu She, headed by Zhang Pu, a native of Taicang, calling himself "saving the country's adherents". Although the postscript is titled Shunzhi, it is still titled "Former Chinese Book Sheren" to show no ambition. Of course, seclusion is lonely and the mood is very heavy. Just as Gu Yunmeng said in the poem "Hu Yue is seventy years old from Korea": "There are many secrets in the history of the market, and the old thoughts are easy; Don't look for the golden horse again, the bronze camel only covers the Jing. " Dianzhuzhai is not only his "secluded pavilion", but also his workshop devoted to artistic exploration and meticulous carving.

old age

1673 (guichou), the 12th year of Kangxi in Qing dynasty. Hu is ninety years old. It was the spring of the year. From Lv Liuliang to Jinling, I met old Hu Man Yan Zheng. Lv Liuliang, a native of Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, is known as Hui, whose nickname is An. In "Ten Bamboo Grottoes Paintings", after the Ming Dynasty's death, he spent all his wealth and made friends in an effort to save it. If you fail, you will be taught at home. The Qing court did not recommend it. After a haircut, he became a monk, named Naik. After death is a literary inquisition. Destroy the tomb and slaughter the body. Volume 9 of Selected Poems of Celebrities and Selected Poems of Lv Liuliang contain the poem "Ninety years old this year", saying, "I hate seeing people in prosperous times, but seeing people in prosperous times. If you see a prosperous time, you have ninety relatives. Born between the temples, it looks quaint. Yu Hai forgot the soldier's skin and admired He Binbin. I didn't know what to do then, but now I remember the true god. Thirty years later, teenagers laugh and teenagers are angry. A family is passed down from generation to generation. Don't be Jiang Nanchun. Catch the chicken and millet and drink them together. I heard that at the beginning of Hongwu, he still stayed in Germany to help the people. The mountains and rivers are clear and the scenery is fresh. Support the crane and laugh wildly at the wet sand towel. " 1674 (Jiayin), in the thirteenth year of Kangxi in Qing dynasty, Hu, who was 9 1 year old, died of illness. The old man went to another world. Finally, I walked down the small building of "not keeping my feet on the ground for thirty years". Is there a colorful lettering watermark in the other world?

Main work

Hu and the famous seal engraver jointly created the Ten Bamboo Grottoes Painting and Calligraphy Spectrum and the Ten Bamboo Grottoes Annotation Spectrum, as well as Notes on the Book of Filial Piety of Shangshu, Notes on the Ten Bamboo Grottoes Painting and Calligraphy Spectrum, Notes on Bamboo Grottoes, One Volume of the Original Book, Six Books and Five Volumes, and Six Books and Two Volumes of China Ancient Literature.

Print representative works:

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Hu, a native of Xiuning, who lived in Nanjing, created the overprint technique of "_ board" and "arch flower" and printed "ten bamboo paintings", which created the precedent of overprint prints in ancient times.

1, "Ten Bamboo Paintings" belongs to the nature of an album, and has the function of including famous paintings to teach painting methods for people to appreciate and copy. It can be divided into eight categories: calligraphy and painting, ink flower, fruit, Shizhuzhai, civet cat, Lanpu, bamboo, plum and stone. He collected his own paintings and copied 30 masterpieces of the ancients and the Ming Dynasty. Each spectrum contains about 40 paintings, each with excellent calligraphy inscriptions and poems, totaling 180 paintings and 140 calligraphy works.

2. Another book by Hu Yin is Ten Bamboo Pictures. When the printing of ten bamboo paintings was about to be completed, the carving of notes began and was completed in Shen Jianian, Chongzhen (AD 1644). "Jianpu" is more exquisite and gorgeous than "Calligraphy and Painting" and has been highly praised. It is worth mentioning that Hu used the "arch flower" printing technology for the first time in banknote printing, which is also an immortal work in the history of printing. The printing method of "arch flower" technology was used for the first time in Hu's Notes on Ten Bamboo Grottoes. This technology is another invention of printing in China, which adds a lot of color to the history of printing and is still talked about by people in the industry. Seal cutting achievement

Hu seal cutting is mainly influenced by He Zhen's seal cutting style, and also draws nourishment from ancient seal cutting. He has his own face, taking He Zhen's method seriously and taking care of his own wishes. Although not as bold as He Xue's fishing, the knife method is mellow, neither stimulating nor sharp, honest and steady, with simple breath and natural and harmonious beauty. Chi WU commented in the preface of Introduction to Printing: "I don't want to be surprised, I don't want to be coy when compromising, I don't want to be ostentatious when being simple, so I am a heartbroken person. I have tasted the convergence of the Tibetan front, and its unreachable place lies in the spirit, and China and India are also wonderful. Why should it be eroded, unearthed, and then called Qin and Han Dynasties? " Qian said in Yin Cun: "Hu Yong-wen and his reference are used to catch up with the legacy of Qin and Han Dynasties." Hu's seal was famous at that time, and people at that time were vying for it. There used to be a saying, "White-door visitors, if they can't be sealed, will be ashamed to owe them."

Hu's printing techniques are skillful, handy and concise, and are highly respected by his peers. This is related to his various accomplishments, as Qian said: "Mr. Wang is good at official script, with feathers, bamboo stones, orchids, great skills, and specializes in seal cutting, so it is not surprising that his genealogy is simple and complicated." He is the author of The Story of Printing Books I, Hu Zhuan Cao and Hu Zhuan Cao II.

Shizhu zhaifu

The Rise of Ancient North and South India and Its Cultural Development

Engraving printing began in the Tang Dynasty. Talking about Meng Xi with movable type

Bookstores thrive in the market, and books thrive in Hanlin.

Paper is excellent, Mo Miao is printed, and Song edition is a good product.

The illustrations of the Ming Dynasty are rich in color.

Scholars love to write music, and people like to watch New Year pictures and write letters as auspicious celebrations.

Ruofu Woodcut Watermark Based on Danqing Painting

Writing with mixed feelings of sadness and joy.

The carving and printing technology of Jiangzuo Shizhuzhai is very developed.

From Jinling Lianggong Normal University, study hard.

Scholars are willing to provide good products.

Hu family grows bamboo.

Small window, piercing the moon and stars, brainstorming, carving and perseverance.

The spirit of changing the ink color of the original lines from antique to new color.

Exhausted painting and calligraphy skills and sketching smudge skills

More importantly, the color matching of version _ is light and flexible, which avoids the complexity of reverse replica version.

The relief of the arch rubbings has the rhyme of Shan Lan flower trees.

Delicate meticulous brushwork can ensure the infiltration of ink color and the confusion of freehand brushwork.

Engraving printing Lin 'an has been an important town since ancient times.

Watermark prints: anecdotes in the river.

China Academy of Fine Arts once set up a workshop in its early years, and its teaching and research have been carried out persistently all the year round.

There are clouds in Beijing and Shanghai today.

Shizhuzhai settled in Hangzhou

Non-legacy projects have inherited the unique skills of others in past dynasties.

Therefore, we should live and sing to celebrate our wishes.

About the author: Ren Ping, Professor of Art Department of Zhejiang University, Doctor of Literature. He is also a visiting professor at University of Paris VIII, director of Oriental Calligraphy Culture Research Center, member of China Calligraphers Association, director of Zhejiang Calligraphers Association, vice chairman of China Hard Pen Calligraphers Association, chairman of Zhejiang Hard Pen Calligraphers Association and chairman of Zhejiang University Calligraphers Association.