As soon as the pie is opened, Women's Family Magazine, September, 1924. (Corning Glass Museum) "When it is Pyrex ceramics, you can see that it is clean," country gentleman, 1948. (Corning Glass Museum) "Now from Pax Pottery Manufacturer ... Dawn in the Desert", Life, August 1955 1. (Corning Glass Museum) "Gifts from the New Pirix Honeymoon House", Women's House Magazine, June 1958. (Corning Glass Museum) "New Prix Holiday House Gift!" Good housekeeper, 1958 65438+ February. (Corning Glass Museum) Next Step: Blue Rocket Launcher on the Horizon, mccall Press, 1969 10. (Corning Glass Museum) "Pai Gex Pottery: Still Worth Discovering", Women's Day, 1970 May. (Corning Glass Museum) "Pyrex is an amazing innovation," said Brett Smith, a professor of industrial design at Auburn University, which made people re-examine their views on glass and stimulated people's interest in more durable materials. Glass has become a part of the era of new materials, and durable glass is used in many fields, from filters to windshields.
Corning Glass Factory is not the first company to develop heat-resistant glass. In 1980s, Otto Schott, a German scientist, developed a kind of low expansion glass called borosilicate glass, but it was mainly used to manufacture products in industrial and scientific environment, such as laboratory glass. Corning Company developed its own formula in 1908, which is mainly sold to railway signal lamps. The company is interested in selling this kind of glass to domestic consumers, and Bessie lyttleton's cooking experiment has opened up a world of consumer applications. From 19 15 to 1936, corning has the patent of borosilicate glass formula; After the patent expired, Corning Company proposed a new formula of heat-resistant glass. According to Reagan bruma, curator and co-curator of the public service hall of Corning Glass Museum, aluminosilicate glass.
According to the company's accounts, the name Pyrex comes from the company's tradition of using "ex" in glass recipes (Corning's first heat-resistant glass is called Nonex). She added that the company may also use the prefix "pyro" because the word "fire glass" was printed under Pyrex in early advertisements.
Pyrex practical baking tray, 19 15- 1925. (corning glass museum) sent Gex liquid measuring cup, 1926. (Corning Glass Museum) Send Gex refrigerator board, "primary color", 1947- 1960. (Corning Glass Museum) Send Gex children's cups and dishes, "Blue Train", 1957. Pyrex 1 1/2 quart casserole, "Orange Carnival", 1968- 1970. (corning glass museum) Pyrex 2 1/2 quart casserole, "Spirograph", 1969- 1970. Pyrex The Mixing Bowl Suite (Corning Glass Museum), Point, 1969- 1973. (corning glass museum) Pyrex 2 1/2 quart casserole, "moon decoration", 197 1 year. Pyrex 2 1/2 quart casserole, "Pueblo", 1974. The early products of Corning Glass Museum include typical Gex casseroles, as well as pie plates, shirt egg plates, cream cups, bread plates, oval baking plates, glass-cut teapots and carving plates. 1925, Pyrex liquid measuring cup came out, although it doesn't look like the one commonly used today (there are two nozzles on the opposite side and a handle in the middle).
Victoria Matranga, the author of "America at Home: Celebration of Household Articles in the 20th Century" and the design project coordinator of the International Household Articles Association, pointed out that the early design performance was excellent: "Measuring cups, rectangular and square toasters are truly iconic products."
But Patrick didn't become famous overnight. These products are expensive; At first, the production process was only semi-automatic, which meant that the machines were still operated by factory workers. Early advertisements showed that a maid (not a housewife) was using Pyrex, which indicated that Corning felt was an ideal market for this cooker. Pyrex can withstand the high temperature of the oven and the low temperature of the refrigerator, but in the 1920s, only wealthy families had electricity, and the refrigerator was considered a luxury.
After the First World War, housekeeping gradually became a profession. Many women have obtained university degrees in this progressive multidisciplinary field and applied scientific principles to their families, communities and families. This training prepares women for work in academia, public education, industry and departments. Corning, like other companies, took advantage of this trend and hired domestic professionals to test and promote its products. From 65438 to 0929, Corning hired Lucy Maby, a full-time scientist and family economist. In the following years, Marby set up a test kitchen to evaluate new products, and became an advocate for consumers who used Pai Gex, receiving thousands of letters. Brumagen said that Maltby and her experimental kitchen team "had a profound impact on the functional design of Pax products". Marby first persuaded the company to redesign its cake pan, increase the handle and volume, and make it smaller in diameter, so that the two cake pans can be placed side by side in a standard oven. Marby's influence is so great that Corning executives have a mantra: "What does Lucy think?" Maby once said: "As time goes by, women become more and more discriminatory." More importantly, let family economists work with designers and product engineers. She thinks her role is to "look at the ever-changing lifestyle with new eyes". "
In 1930s, when the production process was fully automated, Pax became an affordable product for the public. Smith said, surprisingly, Corning will soon make these products affordable to more audiences; In about 15, these products entered the kitchens of farmers and urban residents. Corning also introduced a series of cooktop pots in 1930s, which were called flame burners. Juliet Kinchin, curator of modern design at the Museum of Modern Art, said that the glass pans produced in this period "have certain shocking value". It is one thing to put the casserole in the oven, but it is unforgivable to put the glass in direct contact with the heat. "Hot pot, later sold under a different name, was not listed until 1979. As Corning introduced more popular products, the company finally stopped production.
Part of the home economics movement is the concept of food safety and keeping the kitchen clean. The attraction of Pax lies in its clean appearance and its ability to see the food inside. An early Pax advertisement showed a secretary of Corning Glass Factory wearing a lab-style all-white dress and looking through a pie plate.
Paris is indeed cleaner: the smell will not stick to or penetrate the glass like ceramics, pottery, cast iron and tin, and the glass will not rust. Efficiency is also part of the domestic movement. Pyrex dishes on the market are thought to be able to cook food faster, which means that women can save time and fuel.
Pai Gex's efficient cooking, its ingredients, will tour the whole country this summer.