If this trend continues, after the retirement of farmers aged 50-60, the next generation will no longer cultivate land, and the land will be more concentrated, with large farmers as the mainstay, and perhaps there will be large farms with capital investment. In a word, it can be expected that the farming mode of one household will be gradually submerged in the trend of the times, and the future agriculture will only choose among the modes of "big farmer", "capital farm" and "state-owned farm".
In China, private farms are not a good choice. Private capital takes the pursuit of profit as the first goal, regardless of social responsibility and food security. Plant those that can make more money. China is a country with a large population and a small land, and food security is the top priority. By then, high-quality and pollution-free food will become the exclusive supply of the rich, and the farm will be built in the past and become a holiday resort for the rich. Land acquisition for major national projects will also be difficult, even if the land use right is contracted for decades, the effect will be the same.
China has been an agricultural society for thousands of years. People have deep feelings for the land. If private farms are established, social benefits will be a big problem, and it will be a test full of unknowns for social fairness and stability. Peace and prosperity will be good, and once the economy is bad, it will be even worse. Moreover, from the perspective of economic benefits, land privatization can not bring much economic benefits. China's agricultural output value, which accounts for about 8% of GDP, is still declining, and that of the United States is less than 1%. The country is strong because of the strength of science and technology and industry, not because of agriculture.
From the perspective of social benefits, it is undoubtedly the best choice to establish a "state-owned farm", but there is an inherent problem in state-owned farms, that is, management efficiency, because we have learned from the past and the disadvantages of pot rice have been deeply rooted in people's hearts. How to manage it effectively? If this problem cannot be solved, the "state-owned farm" will lose its premise of existence. Some people say it is not feasible to use modern enterprise management methods. Agricultural production is not concentrated in workshops like factories, which is convenient for management and assessment. China has billions of acres of arable land, most of which are far away from cities, traffic and mountains. Even if it is highly mechanized, it needs tens of millions of labor. Unlike urban workers who punch in and out of work, agricultural workers are bound to settle in the countryside for a long time, and marriage and children may all be related. Over time, it is impossible to effectively manage and supervise them.
The national service system not only provides the premise for the existence of state-owned farms, but also enables state-owned farms to concentrate on what private farms can't or don't want to do, such as large-scale integration of cultivated land, arrangement of large-scale irrigation facilities, reclamation of wasteland, afforestation and so on. At the same time, it is also an excellent exercise for working young people. This generation of children who grew up in cities only know noisy cities, high-rise buildings and computer phones, and their future is worrying. If you graduate from high school and work in rural areas for three years, let them get close to the fields that gave birth to us. Enter a completely different environment from the city, find your roots there and get rid of the impetuousness of the city. In addition to the rainbow lights in the city, you also have the opportunity to look up at the bright starry sky at night. Just like being a soldier, it will affect people's lives and the future of our country. Nothing is more important than education.
It is said that many young people are unwilling to be soldiers now, and the country is also making great efforts to improve the treatment and honor of soldiers. However, the quality of soldiers has been declining, the standard of physical examination has been lowered again and again, and more importantly, many of them are only children. I've seen it. Some analysts say that China is afraid of war. The reason is that most soldiers are only children. Now the world is not peaceful, and the war is not far away from us. Once the war breaks out, if there are heavy casualties, it is really unbearable pain for the only-child family. I think that although we are not afraid of fighting, it is indeed a hidden danger. If the national compulsory military service system is implemented, these problems will not exist. Those who have no physical reasons can only choose between military service and agricultural service. The army will give priority to good soldier who is not an only child and has good physical and psychological quality.
In addition to management, the problem of farmers is another prerequisite for the existence of "state-owned farms". Many people oppose "state-owned farms" because they are worried that once farmers lose their land, cities will not be able to digest these laborers, or a wave of unemployment will break out in cities, and they will become rootless refugees, seriously affecting social stability. Now the countryside plays the role of employment sponge.
These concerns are not unreasonable, but in fact, whether there are "state-owned farms" or not, the number of people engaged in agricultural farming will be greatly reduced in the future, which is the inevitable result of the development of mechanization. The sharp decline in agricultural employees is bound to be faced sooner or later. 1 people can do it, 100 people can't do it. At present, the same is true in rural areas. Most young people are employed in cities. In the countryside, only the old, the weak, women and children are left. Young people who have seen the outside world can't go back, and they won't farm when they go back. The establishment of "state-owned farms" will not make farmers lose their roots in wandering cities, but will make farmers have no worries about going to work in cities for the following reasons:
1. The land of state-owned farms is not compulsorily expropriated, but leased to farmers, who voluntarily rent it or take it back at any time. Now farmers contract land to large households, and the rent is 5/600 per mu, while the rent of "state-owned farms" will be higher, only more than that contracted to large households.
2. State-owned farms only engage in staple food production, such as rice and wheat. Vegetables, fruits and agricultural and sideline products are still left to farmers for production. Around state-owned farms, in places with convenient transportation, enough fields are set aside for farmers who continue to be willing to farm to engage in the production, planting and breeding of agricultural and sideline products. Farmers can use their remote cultivated land to replace the cultivated land with convenient transportation in state-owned farms and continue to engage in agriculture.
State-owned farms will not deprive farmers of their right to live in rural areas. If it is necessary to relocate due to the integration of cultivated land, farmers can freely choose the nearest village, town and county. The living conditions of farmers will only be better and more convenient, and there will be no dilemma that everyone is worried about after unemployment. On the contrary, it is a developed country with privatized land, and there are many homeless people.