1, in the choice of soil and overall land; First of all, choose sandy loam with pH value between 5.8 and 7.8, organic matter, good irrigation and drainage function, water and fertilizer conservation and good viscosity, and you can't drink melon crops together. It would be better if the previous crop is paddy field. The whole land adopts high ridge and deep border, with average border width of 1.0m ~ 2.0m (flat border), each border is more than 25 cm high, and it is better to plant it in two rows in the north-south direction, and the spacing between plants is roughly more than 25 cm.
2. The planting time of cucumber is generally divided into two seasons, namely1-March in spring or June-September in summer. Cucumber seeds need to grow and develop under certain humidity and temperature. Cucumber can be transplanted or directly broadcast.
Cucumber sowing generally uses soaking seeds to accelerate germination. Blanch the seeds with warm water of 50 to 60 degrees for disinfection 10 minutes or more, and constantly stir the seeds to avoid scalding. Soak in warm water with a temperature of about 3 degrees for about 4 to 6 hours, then scrub it clean, then soak it to drain the water, and put it in an incubator with a temperature of about 25 to 3 degrees to keep it moist and accelerate germination. Germinate after about 18 hours. In early spring, in the greenhouse, seedlings are cultivated in seedbeds. Generally, the seedling age is above 15, and it can basically be planted when it reaches two true leaves after 20 days. Generally, in sunny evening, pay attention to protect the root system of cucumber, get wet before emergence, and plant it with soil in order to avoid damaging the root system.
The row spacing of cucumber seedlings is about 30-40 cm and the plant spacing is about 35 cm. When the cucumber seedlings grow to about 40 cm, at this time, the cucumber seedlings begin to spin silk and climb vines. At this time, threading is needed. We usually choose1.5-2m twigs or bamboo poles, put a herringbone on them with cucumber seedlings as the center, tie them with ropes, and insert them into the soil below the bamboo poles to prevent them from being blown down by the wind.
4. It is pruning and scaffolding; Generally, when cucumber tendrils are used, bamboo will be inserted and scaffolding will be set up to draw vines. After the tendrils appear, they should be pulled out every 3 to 4 days to make the plants evenly distributed.
When cucumber seedlings climb to the vine of 60 cm, the lateral bud fork should be removed. For the heyday of cucumber, that is, when the number of leaves on the longitudinal trunk from the root to the top reaches more than 30, the top of cucumber should be removed from the fork. In this way, the nutrients absorbed by the root system can be fully transported to the fruit of cucumber, and the fruit-setting yield and quality of cucumber are also guaranteed.
4. Melons like fertile sandy soil rich in organic humus. Therefore, in the first step of breeding, organic farmyard manure should be applied to increase soil fertility. At the same time, we should also pay attention to watering and leveling the land. Applying sufficient base fertilizer first is the main factor for high and stable yield of cucumber.
Base fertilizer is very important for cucumber. When preparing the soil, we should deeply plough the organic fertilizer, about 2000 kg to 3000 kg per mu, about 50 kg of gross fertilizer and 30 kg of calcium superphosphate as base fertilizer. In cucumber plants, there are two or three real leaves, so topdressing is needed. The absorption capacity of cucumber roots is weak, but it is difficult to absorb high concentration fertilizer. Top dressing should be based on frequent and thin application, with additional fertilization 1 time every 5-8 days and 5-6 kg urea per mu. The tendrils in cucumber are cultivated and fertilized by intertillage weeding, and then cultivated and fertilized after receiving the first cucumber. 30 kg to 40 kg of peanut bran, 60 kg of compound fertilizer and 20 kg of potash fertilizer are used per mu. Because of the high temperature in summer and autumn, cucumbers grow fast and old people grow fast. In addition to base fertilizer, topdressing should also be carried out as soon as possible. At the leaf stage of 1-2 and after the first cucumber harvest, it is necessary to re-cultivate and fertilize the soil and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to avoid premature aging and steep growth. Pay attention to watering spring cucumber seedlings. During the flowering and fruiting period, the water demand is slightly higher. Generally, it is showered once a day on sunny days, and it is dry for 3 to 5 days 1 time.
5. When the cucumber landed, it was a greenhouse; The descending vine of cucumber will make the leaves evenly distributed and receive light reasonably, which can enhance the photosynthetic efficiency. Only by mastering the correct method can the cucumber in greenhouse be of high quality and high yield.
Attention should be paid to several aspects: first, when the long point of the plant is close to the roof, there are no leaves, stems and vines at the bottom of the plant, and the vines are more than 25 cm from the ground; Secondly, don't water the vines seven days before they fall, which can reduce the water content of the stems and vines, increase the elasticity of Ye Man and reduce some pathogens. The third is to repair diseased leaves and some old leaves and burn them in the distance. The fourth is to untie the hanging rope wound on the stems and vines, which should be wound on both sides of the cultivation ridge in the same direction. When winding on the vine, bend the vine along the bending direction of the vine, not in the opposite direction. When the vine falls, the stem and vine are thinner and the interval is shorter. When the stems and vines grow up, the interval between falling vines can be slightly longer, or they can fall on one third or one quarter of the length of the stems and vines at a time. Fifth, keep the distance between leaves, stems and vines at13cm, with 20 leaves per plant. Sixth, it takes about 55 days from planting to first harvest in spring, and about 35 days in summer and autumn. Generally, it can be harvested about 10 day after flowering. The color of cucumber changes from dark green to light green with a certain luster, and it is better to harvest when the petals do not fall. The first cucumber should be picked as soon as possible, so that it will not affect the growth of cucumber in the future, avoid the growth of plants, and prevent the abnormal growth of cucumber and premature aging of plants.