Cerebral infarction is a kind of stroke, also known as ischemic stroke. The inducing factor or risk factor is 1, and hypertension is the most important independent risk factor, whether it is hemorrhagic stroke or ischemic stroke. Through antihypertensive drugs and low-salt diet, blood pressure gradually dropped below 140/90mmHg. 2, diabetes, by controlling diet and hypoglycemic drugs, the blood sugar is reduced to the normal range 3.9-6. 1 mmol/l 3, heart diseases, such as rheumatic heart disease and coronary heart disease. In particular to prevent cerebral embolism caused by embolic shedding caused by atrial fibrillation. 4, dyslipidemia, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein is the most important lipoprotein that causes atherosclerosis, and high density lipoprotein is anti-atherosclerosis lipoprotein. 5, transient ischemic attack (TIA), TIA itself is a classification of ischemic stroke, can also be a precursor or precursor of cerebral infarction, should be treated in time. 6. Smoking and drinking; 7. When the hemorheology is disordered, especially when the whole blood viscosity is increased, the cerebral blood flow decreases, and the increase of hematocrit and fibrinogen level are the main risk factors of ischemic stroke; 8. Obesity, obesity and overweight are all risk factors of ischemic stroke, and have nothing to do with hemorrhagic stroke. 9. Age, sex and age are important risk factors for atherosclerosis, and the degree of atherosclerosis increases with age. Over 50 years old, the incidence of stroke also increases with age, but the author found that the incidence of stroke in young and middle-aged people has also increased, which can not be ignored. Generally speaking, the incidence of stroke in women is lower than that in men.

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Common omen

It is found that the common signs of stroke are: (1) dizziness, especially sudden dizziness. (2) numbness of the limbs, sudden numbness of one side of the face or hands and feet, and numbness of the tongue and lips. (3) Temporary slurred speech or invalid speech. (4) Limb weakness or invalid activities. (5) Different headaches from usual. (6) Sudden fall or fainting for unknown reasons. (7) Transient loss of consciousness or sudden change of personality and intelligence. (8) The whole body is obviously weak and the limbs are weak. (9) Nausea, vomiting or blood pressure fluctuation. (10) I feel sleepy all day. (1 1) One or more limbs twitch involuntarily. (12) I suddenly felt something in my eyes, and I couldn't see what I was looking at. Stroke can be divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic types. Ischemic stroke caused by vascular occlusion is also called cerebral infarction, accounting for 70%-80% of stroke. Cerebral infarction accounts for 80% of sudden death due to cerebrovascular diseases. Sudden cerebral infarction will cause death and disability to patients, and most family members think it is an inevitable accident. But experts believe that most patients with cerebral infarction have the basic pathological changes of cerebrovascular stenosis. If cerebral vascular stenosis can be found by ultrasound or angiography in advance and blood vessels can be dredged in time, sudden cerebral infarction can be prevented.

clinical picture

The clinical manifestations are sudden fainting, unconsciousness or sudden mouth-eye deviation, hemiplegia, strong tongue and mental retardation. Stroke includes ischemic stroke (transient ischemic attack, atherosclerotic thrombotic cerebral infarction, lacunar cerebral infarction and cerebral embolism), hemorrhagic stroke (cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage), hypertensive encephalopathy and vascular dementia.

Treatment principle: first aid, thrombolysis, restoring blood flow, not allowing stem cell transplantation, which is deceptive at present.

Surgical therapy

Brain pacemakers can inhibit over-excited nerve cells, integrate disordered nerve cells, repair nerve cells damaged by hypoxia, and activate and awaken nerve cells with low function. Recently, American scientists also found that magnetic field can promote the regeneration of nerve cells, prevent Alzheimer's disease and prolong people's life. Pacemaker is a good method to treat stroke at present.

Treatment of dyskinesia in rehabilitation period

Rehabilitation treatment is very important for patients with stroke sequelae. The purpose is to change the symptoms such as numbness of limbs and unfavorable language, and achieve the best state; Reduce the high recurrence rate of cerebral infarction. Especially in the recovery of limb dyskinesia. At present, it is believed that patients with limb dyskinesia caused by stroke can obviously reduce or alleviate the sequelae of paralysis after formal rehabilitation training. Some people regard rehabilitation treatment as particularly simple, even equal to "exercise", and are eager for success, which often leads to joint muscle injury, fracture, shoulder and hip pain, aggravated spasm, abnormal spasm pattern and gait, foot drop, varus and other problems, that is, "misuse syndrome". Improper muscle strength training will aggravate spasm, and proper rehabilitation training can alleviate this spasm, thus making limb movements tend to be coordinated. Once the wrong training method is adopted, such as repeatedly practicing hard grasping with the affected hand, it will strengthen the coordination of the flexor muscles of the affected upper limb, aggravate the muscle spasm responsible for joint flexion, cause elbow flexion, wrist flexion and flexion, and make the recovery of hand function more difficult. In fact, limb dyskinesia is not only a problem of muscle weakness, but also an important cause of motor dysfunction due to uncoordinated muscle contraction. So don't mistake rehabilitation training for strength training. In the rehabilitation treatment of motor dysfunction in patients with stroke sequelae, traditional ideas and methods only focus on restoring patients' muscle strength, ignoring the coordinated rehabilitation treatment of patients' joint range of motion, muscle tension and antagonism. Even if the patient's muscle strength returns to normal, it may leave abnormal movement patterns, which will hinder the improvement of his daily life and activity ability. Experimental and clinical studies show that due to the plasticity of the central nervous system, there is the possibility of functional reconstruction in the recovery process after brain injury. At present, it is generally recommended at home and abroad to use a home limb rehabilitation therapeutic instrument to restore the movement of injured limbs in daily home care and rehabilitation treatment. It is based on neural facilitation techniques. After low-frequency pulse electrical stimulation, muscle groups can simulate normal movement in a certain order. It not only exercises muscle strength directly, but also coordinates and dominates the functional state of limbs by simulating the passive antagonism of exercise, thus restoring its dynamic balance. At the same time, repeated exercise can feed back the communication information to the brain, so that it can realize functional reconstruction as soon as possible, break the spasm mode and restore the independent movement control of limbs, especially at home. This therapy can make the paralyzed limbs simulate normal movement, enhance the self-confidence of patients in rehabilitation, and restore the muscle tension and limb movement of patients.

Therapeutic drug

What reliable drugs are there for the clinical treatment of stroke? Western medicines for preventing and treating stroke include aspirin, biguanide chloride, cerebrolysin tablets, mecobalamin, etc., all of which are reliable and targeted. Among them, aspirin is the basic drug to prevent and treat stroke, which has a certain effect on preventing the recurrence of stroke. However, the clinical application of aspirin shows that 47% of patients have drug resistance, and even aspirin enteric-coated tablets will have a burden and impact on the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with various bleeding tendencies should be forbidden to use aspirin, and should choose drugs according to their own conditions and symptoms under the guidance of doctors.