MSG refers to sodium glutamate crystals that are fermented and purified from grains. Since 1965, my country has all used sugar or starch raw materials to produce glutamic acid. Glutamic acid is then extracted through isoelectric point crystallization precipitation, ion exchange or zinc salt refining, and then decolorized, deironated, evaporated and crystallized. and other processes to prepare sodium glutamate crystals.
Introduction
MSG, also known as monosodium glutamate, is a modern condiment made from grains using microbial fermentation. The main ingredient is sodium glutamate.
Sodium glutamate (C5H8NO4Na), also called sodium glutamate. Glutamic acid is a type of amino acid and the final breakdown product of protein. Monosodium glutamate is the sodium salt of an amino acid. It is a colorless and odorless crystal that disintegrates and melts at 232°C. Sodium glutamate has good water solubility, with a solubility of 74 grams at 20°C (that is, up to 74 grams of sodium glutamate can be dissolved in 100 ml of water at 20°C).
It should be noted that if MSG is used at high temperatures above 100°C, scientists have proven that when MSG is heated at 100°C for half an hour, only 0.3% of sodium glutamate will produce sodium pyroglutamate. It has little effect on the human body. According to literature reports, sodium pyroglutamate is harmless to the human body. Also, if it is in an alkaline environment, MSG will react chemically to produce a substance called disodium glutamate. So use and store appropriately.
MSG, also known as "Ajinomoto", has the scientific name "monosodium glutamate". The finished product is white columnar crystals or crystalline powder, which is one of the most widely used freshness-enhancing condiments at home and abroad. Its main ingredients are glutamic acid and salt.
The salt we eat every day is diluted 400 times with water, and the salty taste is no longer felt. Ordinary sucrose is diluted 200 times with water, and the sweet taste is no longer felt, but sodium glutamate is diluted with water. 3000 times, you can still feel the umami flavor, hence the name "MSG".
Basic properties
1. Chemical formula C5H8O4NNa·H2O
2. Molar mass 187.13g/mol
3. Appearance: white crystal Powder, granular size
4. Melting point: 232℃
5. Solubility: easily soluble in water, solubility at 20℃ is 71.7g/100ml, slightly soluble in anhydrous water ethanol.
Monosodium glutamate is a sodium salt of the amino acid glutamic acid. It is an odorless and colorless crystal that disintegrates and melts at 232°C. Monodium glutamate has good water solubility, and 72 grams of sodium glutamate can be dissolved in 100 ml of water.
MSG was discovered and patented by the Japanese Ajinomoto Company in 1909. Pure MSG appears as a white crystalline powder. When MSG dissolves in water (or saliva), it quickly ionizes into free sodium ions and glutamate ions (glutamate ions are the anions of glutamic acid, a natural amino acid).
5. Umami: MSG stimulates specific taste receptors on tongue taste buds, such as amino acid receptors T1R1/T1R3 or glutamate receptors, such as metabolic glutamate receptors. Give people a taste sensation. This taste is defined by the Japanese as umami, but there is a clear difference between this Japanese umami and the umami among the five flavors that the Chinese are familiar with.
6. Labeling and attribution: As the most commonly used condiment, MSG is not only a condiment; it can also be directly labeled as a food additive in food packaging applications; it can also be labeled with its scientific name sodium glutamate; and it can also be labeled MSG (monosodium glutamate) can be labeled at the same time, which is in compliance with the relevant regulations of the relevant countries.
7. Physiological effects: MSG has a strong umami taste (it still has umami taste when diluted 300 times). It is sodium L-glutamate containing one molecule of crystal water. MSG quickly decomposes glutamate into the human body, so the physiological effects of sodium glutamate are the same as glutamate. Glutamic acid is a normal metabolic substance of the human body and plays important functions in human metabolism, such as synthesizing proteins required by the human body, participating in the metabolism of brain proteins and carbohydrates, and promoting the oxidation process. It is a more active component of brain tissue metabolism and is also a component of the brain. Amino acids that cells can use. It has been reported abroad that glutamate can quickly improve the intelligence of children with mental retardation. It affects neural activity through the production of acetylcholine.
8. Specifications: The chemical name of MSG is sodium glutamate. At present, the MSG produced in my country is divided into powdery crystals or columnar crystals according to the crystal shape; according to the sodium glutamate content, it is divided into different specifications such as 60%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, etc., among which 80% and 99% %The two specifications are the most common.