The origin of red heart pomelo is in Wubao Township, Ba County, Sichuan Province, also known as Wubao pomelo. There is also Pinghe in Fujian, which is the best variety of hearts at present. At present, large-scale planting has been formed in Pinghe area of Fujian, and the main brand of red heart grapefruit is still in Pinghe area.
Planting period of red heart honey pomelo
1, planting date:
Spring seed: It is often planted in areas with inconvenient irrigation in autumn and winter or cold in winter. There are two main points to grasp in spring planting: First, it must be planted when the spring shoots are fully mature and the leaves are dark green and shiny. Premature will hinder the maturity and enrichment of spring shoots, slow growth of new roots and late germination of summer shoots. Second, spring bamboo shoots should be planted as soon as possible after they mature. If the sun is too hot in summer, it will affect the survival rate and postpone the shooting period.
Autumn planting: In areas with good irrigation conditions, it is usually planted at this time, that is, after the autumn shoots mature (about10-165438+10 month). At this time, the climate is still warm, and it will soon resume growth after planting, and a large number of new roots will be produced. In the second year, the new shoots grow very well, which is the best planting period and one of the measures to bear fruit early and yield high.
Winter planting: the temperature is low in winter, and the spring shoots germinate and mature late. It was planted after the severe cold and before the spring seedlings germinated. At this time, the weather has turned warmer and the new roots grow quickly after planting. The disadvantage is that the bamboo shoots of grapefruit are not neat enough.
In addition to choosing a reasonable planting period according to local conditions, we should also pay attention to the local climate when planting red-fleshed honey pomelo. The most taboo is planting in rainy and northerly weather. The soil is too wet in rainy days, and the soil is hardened after planting, and new roots are not easy to germinate. When the north wind blows, the evaporation of leaves is large, which is easy to cause a lot of leaves. The ideal weather is cloudy without rain or after sowing.
2. Planting density
Planting spacing should be different according to topography and soil quality. Generally, the downhill slope is barren, but it is well ventilated and can be planted closely. The plant spacing is 1.2 × 1.5 (33 plants per mu), and the plant spacing of single row cascade planting is 1.3. Planting in flat land or fertile land can be thinned appropriately, with 26-28 plants per mu being 65,438+0.3× 65,438+0.6, or more thinning, 65,438+0.5× 2 and 65,438+0.8× 2.
3. Planting method:
Seedling: Grafted seedlings have the characteristics of developed root system, strong resistance, vigorous growth and rapid crown formation, especially in mountainous areas or orchards with poor water conservancy conditions. Ring-branch seedlings have no main roots, and their drought resistance is not as good as that of grafted seedlings. Their initial growth is slow, their reproductive coefficient is small and their cost is high. They often bring scale insects from the mother tree to new areas and plant them easily in typhoon areas.
Before planting, prune the seedlings, cut off the immature buds, and cut off 3-4 leaves from each branch to reduce water evaporation, prevent defoliation and improve the survival rate, and then root with mud. It must be noted that too thick mud will cause root rot, and too thin mud will not protect it. The experience of the masses is to insert mud by hand and pull it out. You can't see fingerprints in the mud stuck to your hands, but it's appropriate to look at the lines on the back of your hands. When planting, put the seedlings in the center of the planting area, and the root groups should extend obliquely downward, so as not to contact with the base fertilizer. After soil remediation, straighten the seedlings by hand, and step on them from outside to inside with your feet, spraying water for the first time and then spraying water for the second time. The height of mating interface planted in mountainous areas depends on the depth of planting hole, the amount of grass filled and the time between planting and filling. If a lot of grass is buried in the planting hole, it should be planted after filling, and the mating interface should be 25-35 cm above the ground. If the pit is buried one month before planting and the soil sinks, the height of the interface from the ground can be reduced to 20-27 cm. If the interface is too low, the interface will be covered after the soil settles in the future, which will not only easily cause the interface to rot, but also cause the soil to be too deep and the new roots to grow slowly.
After planting, the soil around pomelo seedlings should be cultivated in circular rows with a diameter of 1 m, watered and fertilized, then covered with grass or straw and fully watered. Water once a day within three days after planting, and then every 2-3 days until new roots grow. 15- 20 days after planting, pull out the topsoil for inspection. If there are new roots, you can start to apply thinly decomposed human urine, and one load is 2-3 loads of water to promote the growth of new roots.
The main points of cultivation techniques are summarized as follows:
1. Pomelo Garden is built on sandy loam with abundant water and deep soil layer, which is sheltered from the wind and the sun.
Garden terraces with the same height, with a spacing of 3m× 3m, have a better triangular planting mode.
Guanxi red heart honey pomelo can be planted all year round as long as the new buds are mature.
2, selecting strong seedlings, selecting annual grafted seedlings with developed roots and strong growth for planting,
Under good management conditions, the seedlings will recover quickly and the crown will form quickly.
3. The important measures to enlarge holes, improve soil fertility and improve site conditions are the basis of early fruiting, high quality and high yield. Generally, reaming and soil improvement are started in the second year after planting, and the best effect is achieved in the third year. The specific method is to symmetrically dig ditches with a depth of 60-70cm and a width of 40-50cm on the lower sides of the drip line of the tree crown, fill in one load of green manure and one load of burnt soil, 65,438+0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and appropriate amount of lime and topsoil, and apply them in layers to improve the soil by compaction.
4, reasonable pruning, correct girdling (cutting) pruning principle: thinning branches, cutting more branches outside the crown, and cutting less branches inside the crown.
Pruning time: young pomelo trees are generally pruned twice, that is, summer pruning and winter pruning; Results Generally, pomelo trees were pruned three times,
Namely, spring cutting, summer cutting and winter cutting, wherein spring cutting is in February-March, summer cutting is in May-July, and winter cutting is half a month after fruit picking.
That is 10- 165438+ October. Pruning method: Don't use the "one size fits all" method, focus on thinning the peripheral branches, and use the "open skylight" pruning method for dense crowns. This method can effectively control the convexity,
Promote the germination of inner cavity branches, and will not reduce production due to re-cutting. The fruiting branches should be cut from the fruiting branches,
Dead branches, diseased branches, weak branches. In late September, the pomelo trees, which are flourishing, do not bloom or bloom less, were girdled.
Ring cutting method. The method of girdling (felling) is: girdling the trunk or main branches with a diameter of more than 6 cm, and girdling the bark (bark width is 1 cm) or girdling to xylem. After treatment, the wound was treated with 20ppm of 2,4-D+800 times of thiophanate methyl, which would not have adverse effects on tree vigor and yield. The method of girdling (cutting) can inhibit vegetative growth, promote flower bud differentiation, increase flower quantity and ensure yield.
5, scientific fertilization, improve quality.
Fertilization method: annular furrow application is adopted, and the fertilization times are in accordance with the principle of "applying base fertilizer in autumn, carefully applying germination accelerating fertilizer, and ensuring fruit,
Fertilize 3-4 times a year according to the requirement of "combined application of strong fruit fertilizer". Organic fertilizer is dominant, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer.
Apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. 20-30 kg of pig manure is applied to the plant for accelerating germination, and it is applied from the end of February to the beginning of March.
The fruit-keeping fertilizer is mainly topdressing outside the roots, spraying 0.3% urea +0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
From the end of June to the beginning of July, 20-40 kilograms of pig manure was applied to strong fruit and fertilizer plants.
40-60 kilograms of manure +200 grams of urea +0.5 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer are applied to fruit-picking fertilizer plants,
Apply before and after fruit picking, usually in June 5438+February. 6, reasonable fruit thinning,
Bagging first removes abnormal fruits, small fruits and stunted diseases and insect pests,
Generally, the leaf-fruit ratio is (160-200): 1. After fruit thinning and fruit setting,
Bagging should be carried out when the young fruit grows to a single fruit weight of100-150g and the fruit diameter is about 5cm.
Pay attention to the width and tightness when bagging, so as not to loosen the bag mouth or damage the fruit handle.
More notes: /zzgljs/