This problem

How do you want to learn?

Do you want to hold a chemistry competition? I'd better write you an introduction of traditional methods first.

Methods of learning organic chemistry:

First, grasp the key points and grasp the law.

The central problem of organic chemistry is the relationship between structure and properties, and mastering the relationship between structure and properties is the basis of learning organic chemistry well. From the structural characteristics of chemical compounds, we can know the main properties of organic compounds, including physical and chemical properties. Structure determines nature, which is a magic weapon to learn organic chemistry. The single bond structure of alkanes determines the stability of chemical properties, and substitution reaction is its characteristic reaction. Double bonds and triple bonds in unsaturated hydrocarbons are active because one or two of them are easy to break, and addition and polyaddition are their characteristic reactions. Benzene aromatic hydrocarbon has the dual properties of saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon due to the particularity of benzene ring structure, and can undergo substitution and addition reactions; The properties of hydrocarbon derivatives depend on the properties of functional groups, such as ethyl formate and glucose. Although they are not aldehydes, they all contain aldehyde groups, so they all have the main properties of aldehydes (such as silver mirror reaction). Structurally, formic acid (H-Co-OH) has both-COOH and-CHO, so formic acid has the dual properties of carboxylic acid and aldehyde. Therefore, the properties of hydrocarbon derivatives should be analyzed according to the types of functional groups.

The general laws and methods of organic chemistry learning: structure → properties → use → preparation method → a substance.

Second, find out the mechanism, analogy migration

When learning each organic matter, it is the key to firmly grasp the reaction process (that is, the reaction mechanism) in which it can react. For example, when a chemical reaction occurs, where does the bond break? Where is the key connection? What are the reaction conditions? What is the reaction type? Everyone should understand and remember deeply. Then use analogy transfer and other thinking methods to analyze the problem. If the structural formula of an unknown organic matter is known, its properties can be analyzed according to the functional groups-when you see the hydroxyl group of alcohol, you think of the properties of ethanol, and when you see the hydroxyl group of phenol, you think of the properties of phenol ... When writing chemical equations, you should do the same thing in strict accordance with its reaction mechanism, which is often said to draw a tiger for a cat or a gourd for a gourd.

Thirdly, frequent induction and memory precipitation.

After the end of a chapter, summarize the contents of this chapter in tabular form in time when reviewing. Find out the similarities and differences of various substances and remember the differences. After a long time, it is no longer confusing to extract information when doing the problem. After organic chemistry is finished, it is concluded and compared, and finally important properties are continuously precipitated to form a permanent memory. In addition, we can learn from some ingenious notation, such as: "Four Basic Principles" of organic chemistry knowledge in senior high school, four types of plane structures: vinyl, phenyl, aldehyde and carboxyl; The four substitution reactions include halogenation, nitration, esterification and hydrolysis. There are also jingles, such as: organic chemistry is not difficult, and remembering the general formula is the key. Only hydrocarbons are called hydrocarbons, and their structures are chain or cyclic. Double bond is alkyne, single bond is alkane ... help students remember in many ways and integrate knowledge into fun.

Fourth, the combination of learning and application, live learning and use.

If you don't practice science optics, you will learn for nothing. If some students remember the nature of organic matter very clearly and are articulate, they will be at a loss once they start to do the problem. There is a fault in the learning and application of knowledge. I think in my usual study, I pay attention to combining typical exercises. The process of doing the problem is not only a process of deepening the impression, but also a process of forming ideas. For example, when learning the physical properties of benzene, benzene is insoluble in water and its density is smaller than that of water, so I asked in time: What happens when benzene is mixed with water? The student immediately replied: there should be stratification. The upper liquid is benzene and the lower liquid is water.

Fifth, make good contact and achieve mastery through a comprehensive study.

In organic learning, in addition to mastering the properties and uses of various organic substances, it is more important to master the mutual transformation relationship between organic substances, clarify the relationship between knowledge, form a knowledge network, and achieve the purpose of mastering knowledge.

For example, the mutual transformation relationship between important hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives can be expressed as: ch ≡ ch → CH2 = CH2 → CH3-CH3 → CH3-CH2-Cl → CH3-CH2-OH → CH3 CHO → CH3 cooch2ch3.

To learn the mutual transformation of organic matter, we should not only master the reaction equations and reaction types in the transformation process, but also understand the relationship between the transformation process and the properties, preparation and use of substances.

Six, training, rapid breakthrough.

Summarize from organic problems, such as organic experiment, organic synthesis, organic inference, analysis and inference of organic structure, calculation of organic molecular formula, etc. You can carry out special intensive training according to your own weaknesses to achieve twice the result with half the effort. Especially the comprehensive inference of organic chemistry. This kind of topic covers a wide range and highlights, which can well test students' ability to solve practical problems by comprehensively applying knowledge. Think hard, analyze more and find out the breakthrough when you do the problem. Through some targeted training, your problem-solving ability will be greatly improved.

The following are some bibliographic recommendations.

Routine/College Entrance Examination: Senior High School Chemistry Handbook (Huazhong Normal University Press, edited by Teacher Wang Houxiong); Compilation of college entrance examination questions over the years (any kind, preferably with detailed analysis); High school chemistry reader (very old chemistry textbook); Research-oriented Learning of Chemistry in Senior High School (Longmen Bookstore, edited by Shi Hua and Sheng Huanhua)

Special organic suggestion: Longmen problem of organic chemistry

Preliminary category: chemistry college entrance examination to competition (edited by Ang Lee, Shaanxi Normal University Press); Senior High School and Junior High School Chemistry Olympiad (edited by Duan Kangning, Jiangsu Education Press); New Guide to Senior High School Chemistry Olympic Competition (edited by Wu Xinmin, Nanjing Normal University Press); Preliminary Counseling for Senior High School Chemistry Competition (edited by Ang Lee and Su Jianxiang, Shaanxi Normal University Press); Hot topics in high school chemistry competition (Hunan Normal University Press, edited by Xiao Pengfei, Su Jianxiang and Zhou Zeyu); , evaluation of the latest Olympic test questions, high school chemistry (Nanjing Normal University Press, edited by Ma Hongjia); The Art of War of Sun Tzu Orsay-Senior High School Chemistry (edited by Shi Hua and Longmen Bookstore, edited by Sheng Huanhua and Paul Hu); Chemistry Competition Course (East China Normal University Press, three books, edited by Wang Zuhao, Deng Lixin, Shi Hua and others); Special Breakthrough in Senior High School Chemistry Competition and Its Supporting Training (East China Normal University Press, edited by Shi Hua)

Final category: Senior Edition of Chemistry Olympiad in Senior High School (edited by Duan Kangning, Jiangsu Education Press); "Guidance of Chemistry Competition in Gold Medal Road Senior High School" and its supporting problem-solving instructions (edited by Ang Lee, Shaanxi Normal University Press); Senior high school chemistry competition final counseling (Shaanxi Normal University Press, edited by Ang Lee and Su Jianxiang); Analysis of Test Questions in Previous International Chemistry Olympiad (published by the Society)