Hindi language is one of the two official languages of India, and it is the language of Hindustan. Belonging to the Indo-European family of Indian languages, it is a modern Indo-Aryan language developed from ancient Sanskrit. Distributed in the central and northern parts of India, such as Delhi Special Zone. It is the most popular language in India. In addition, a considerable number of Indian residents in Mauritius, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana and Suriname also speak Hindi. The total number of people covered by this language is second only to Chinese, making it the second largest language in the world.

Hindi is written in Tiancheng script. Tiancheng is a phonetic alphabet, and the consonant itself has an inherent default vowel, namely? . When consonants are spelled with other vowels, they are marked with extra symbols. The characters are written from left to right, and the letters are connected by the top bar.

Hindi standard language has 11 vowels and 43 consonants. Among the 54 phonemes, one vowel and five consonants are foreign sounds, which are only used in loanwords. The original 1 vowels in Hindi have corresponding nasal forms. Consonants not only have corresponding aspirated sounds, such as voiceless stops and voiceless fricatives, but also have corresponding aspirated sounds. Aspirated sound and non-aspirated sound have different functions. Generally, there is no stress or tone. Grammar is much simpler than Sanskrit, and nouns include feminine, masculine, singular and plural categories. In a few pronouns, the residual form of case is retained. The form of noun case has disappeared. The relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence is expressed by a suffix after the noun or pronoun. When nouns or pronouns have postpositions, their forms change to some extent.

verbs include aspects such as person, nature and number, as well as aspect, tense, form and state. The basic word order of a sentence is subject-object-predicate. In terms of vocabulary, most of the basic vocabulary evolved from Sanskrit. The recent trend of terminology in various professional disciplines is to take it directly from Sanskrit, or to create new Sanskrit words with Sanskrit word formation. During the Muslim period, Hindi absorbed a large number of Persian and Arabic loanwords. During the British rule, it absorbed a large number of English loanwords, and it is still absorbing new loanwords from English. While absorbing foreign words, it also absorbs some word-formation means of foreign words.

Hindi is a subject-object-verb language, which means that verbs are usually located at the end of sentences rather than before objects (while English is often the subject-verb object). Hindi also shows some ergativeness, so in some cases, verbs are consistent with the object of the sentence rather than the subject. Unlike English, Hindi has no definite article. If you need to emphasize, you can use numerals? As an indefinite singular article.

In addition, Hindi uses postpositions where English uses prepositions (so called because they are behind nouns or pronouns). Other differences include sex, honorifics, interrogative words, the use of case and different tenses. Despite its complexity, Indian language law is quite formal with relatively limited irregularities. Regardless of the differences in vocabulary and writing, Hindi grammar is almost the same as Urdu grammar. The concept of punctuation except complete pause was completely unknown before the arrival of Europeans. Hindi punctuation uses commas, exclamation points and question marks that are used in the West. Sometimes a period is used to end a sentence, although the traditional "complete pause" (a vertical bar) is still used.

in Hindi, nouns have two natures. All men and male animals (and those animals and plants that are understood to be masculine) are masculine. And all women and female animals (and those animals and plants that are understood to be negative) are negative. Things, inanimate objects and abstract nouns are also divided into masculine and feminine according to habits. This is the same as Urdu and many other Indo-European languages such as Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese. It is a challenge for people who only use English. Although it is an Indo-European language, it almost removes all inflections.

the standard interrogative words in local languages include "(who)," (what), "(why) and"? " (when), (where), (how, what) and? (how much) and so on. Hindi words can be used as general interrogative words that are often placed at the beginning of sentences, turning a sentence into a true-false interrogative sentence. This is very clear when asking questions. Questions can also be formed simply by changing intonation, which is different from the word order of questions in American English (subject-predicate inversion).

Local languages have only one sexual first, second and third personal pronoun. So unlike English, there is no difference between "he" and "she". More strictly speaking, the third person pronoun is actually the same as the demonstrative pronoun ("this"/"that"). Verbs usually indicate sexual differences when they are displaced. Pronouns have extra accusative and genitive cases, but no vocative. Pronouns in the accusative case also have variants in two ways. Note that for the second person pronoun ("you"), Hindi has three levels of honorifics:? Formal and respectful form of "you". There is no difference between singular and plural. Used in formal occasions and to talk about people who are high in work or age. Can the plural be said? Or to emphasize. Informal "you". There is no difference between singular and plural. Used in informal occasions and to discuss people who are inferior in work or age. Plural numbers can be said or? To emphasize. ? : Very informal form of "you". A complete singular, its plural form is /t? um/。 Except for very close friends or poetic language involving God, it will be regarded as offensive in India.

imperative mood (request and command) corresponds to the level of honorifics used in form, and verbs are inflected to show the desired level of respect and politeness. As imperative mood may have included politeness, the word kripayā, which can be translated as "please", is less used than in English; It is generally only used in works and announcements, and it is even used in daily spoken language to express ridicule.

The standard word order in Hindi is generally subject-object-verb. Negation is formed by adding words in appropriate positions in a sentence, or is it used in some cases? Or? To achieve. Note that in Hindi, adjectives take precedence over the nouns they define. Auxiliary verbs always come after active words. Generally speaking, Hindi users or writers enjoy considerable freedom in placing words to achieve stylization and other social and psychological effects, although not as free as in highly inflected languages.

Hindi verb structure pays attention to the aspect with some differences based on tense, which is usually displayed by using verbs as auxiliary verbs. There are three kinds of bodies: general body (unfinished body), progressive body (also called continuum) and perfect body. Verbs in every aspect mark tenses with appropriate inflectional forms in almost all cases. Hindi has four simple tenses: present tense, past tense, future tense (hypothetical) and subjunctive tense (called a mood by many linguists). Verb inflections not only show the number and person (first, second and third) of their subjects, but also their sex. In addition, Hindi has imperative mood and conditional mood. Verbs must be consistent with the person, number and nature of their subject if and only if the subject does not follow any postposition. If this condition is not met, the verb must be consistent with the number and sex of the object (if the object has no suffix). If this condition is not met, the verb is inconsistent with both. This kind of phenomenon is called mixed cooperative lattice.

Hindi is a weak inflectional language for case change; The relationship between nouns in sentences is usually shown by postpositions. There are three cases of Hindi nouns. The direct case is used for nouns that do not follow any postposition words, and is typically used for subjects and objects. The indirect case is used for any noun followed by a postposition. Adjectives that modify nouns in indirect case are also inflected in the same way. Some nouns have independent vocatives. Hindi has two kinds of numbers: singular and plural, but they are not clearly shown in all variants.

I hope I can help you solve your doubts.

I hope I can help you solve your doubts.