Although the country is going to implement national overall planning for social security, the provincial overall planning has not yet been finally realized, so it is really difficult to do it. It is suggested to consult the neighborhood committee where you live.

If you really can't buy social security, you can consider buying a commercial insurance. Now many people do it for their parents, because commercial insurance does not have the payment problem you encounter, and the coverage is wider and more flexible, and there are no restrictions on designated hospitals and medicines.

Xinhuanet

—— Investigation and reflection on the problem of providing for the aged in rural areas

An old man

One morning before the white dew, the old man Wang Toyota came out of his sesame field, and his liberation rubber shoes were covered with mud. "It rained heavily this year, and the ground was very moist, and the sesame seeds fell down. We have to help them quickly."

68-year-old Wang Toyota is a villager in Group 2 of Xiaowangzhuang Village, Longcheng Town, Yancheng County. His family lives in the southernmost part of the village. Pomegranates are already bearing fruit in the small courtyard, and big leaves and apricots are flourishing. His wife, who is 5 years younger than him, is busy in the kitchen. Wang Laohan rubbed off the dirt on his hand and lit a "Shahe" cigarette. Facing the reporter's inquiry, he opened his mouth.

At the age of p>16, before he graduated from junior high school, Wang Toyota went to shenyang military area command to serve as a soldier. His four-year military career has shaped his resolute character and given him a good posture that he still enjoys. After demobilization, Wang Toyota was appointed as the militia battalion commander, leading a group of young people to train during the day and patrol at night. He was a key activist in the village. Days passed like water, watching the three sons and one daughter grow up day by day, and Wang Toyota changed from a lean man to a white-haired old man. "the tree is divided, and the child is divided." A few years ago, Wang Laohan's top priority was to marry his son and find her husband's family. Three-room daughter-in-law married into the door, and all the sons separated. The eldest son has been in business for many years, and he has made some achievements. The family of four moved to Shenzhen, and it took two or three years to meet. The youngest son works as a janitor in the county seat, and comes back every so often. Only the second son lives not far from himself, and he takes his grandson to the old man's yard almost every day. "My daughter married a pig farmer in Beicun, and she lived a rich life. Children are filial, grandchildren also live up to expectations, and the old couple are still hale and hearty, and the work in the ground can still be done. I feel that life is so exciting, and there is nothing to worry about. " Wang Toyota said.

Wang Toyota's family is not rich in Xiaowangzhuang Village, and their family circumstances are similar to those of his old buddies of the same age. Worried about their livelihood and their children all their lives, they are still busy. Not to mention a few acres of responsibility farmland at home, Simomo Tian and an old chap went to Shanxi to sell apples twice to earn their own money. Later, an elderly association was established in the village, and Wang Toyota was elected as the vice president of the elderly association. He got together with a few old buddies, and whoever had a bickering with his teeth went to reconcile, and whoever had an old buddy's birthday went to have a good time. In recent years, the economic situation in the village is getting better and better, and the quality of life of the old people is also improving steadily. "To say that there is no filial piety and no support for the elderly, any village has it. Earlier, there were many, mainly because of poverty, and children did not have enough to eat, not to mention the elderly. It is better for the son to say that if the daughter-in-law is a little evil, the situation of falling, beating and swearing does exist. " Wang Toyota said, "However, the situation has been much better in recent years. Young people are busy going out to earn money. It is very useful for old people to watch the door at home and take care of their children. Filial piety for the elderly is also good for yourself, which can make you feel at ease and earn money outside. Therefore, today's young people can think realistically. Several rich people in our village also signed up their parents to join a tour group and went to Beijing to see Tiananmen Square. "

"What should I do if my children are disobedient and unfilial?" In the face of the reporter's questioning, Wang Toyota smiled. "He is unfilial and depends on himself. I can do it now, and the crops are not bad. I can support myself."

"What should you do if you are a little older and your body suffers from spending money again?" Wang Toyota thoughtfully for a long time and pressed out the cigarette butts on the blue bricks. "If you really don't move in bed that day, you can't count on children. After working all their lives, the old couple also saved thousands of dollars for providing for the aged and saving their lives. I haven't thought about other ways, and I can't think of them. "

Late in the morning, Wang Toyota's wife brought noodles with bean and garlic juice. Wang smiled and said, "Comrade reporter, you think too deeply. If you ask me, it is a good day to eat good noodles. "

Side note: There are 7.49 million elderly people over 6 like Wang Toyota in rural areas of Henan Province. According to national regulations, farmers, like urban residents, should be regarded as incapacitated after they reach the age of 6. City workers can retire at the age of 6 and enjoy their old age. However, many elderly people in rural areas are still cultivating themselves, creating benefits with their own labor and solving their own sources of livelihood, which is extremely valuable.

According to the relevant information provided by the Provincial Civil Affairs Department, at present, 92.7% of the rural elderly in Henan Province have guaranteed basic living conditions such as food, clothing and housing. Among them, about 15.4% are self-reliant, and most of these elderly people are young health of the elderly, who have certain labor ability or technical expertise, and rely on farming to engage in some aquaculture and agricultural and sideline products processing within their power to ensure their source of livelihood. The rest are mostly dependent on their children. Generally, they are older, physically ill and partially or completely disabled. They can still engage in some simple agricultural work, but the value they create can no longer meet their own needs, and they mainly rely on their children to support them.

A village

Even on the 1∶55 map of Yancheng County, Xiaowangzhuang Village in Longcheng Town is just a circle the size of mung beans. There are 315 households with 1346 people living in the village, and there are more than 16 elderly people over 6 years old.

Zhao Zifu, the village party secretary, said: "There are only 1,8 mu of land in Anzhuang, and the per capita share is only eight points. If it were not for the Luojie (Luoyang-Jieshou) highway, it would be difficult to eat just by farming." Xiaowangzhuang village is small, with few people and little brains. At the beginning of reform and opening up, the villagers here turned to small businesses. The Luojie Highway passes through the village, and the price of facade houses is rising year by year. Many families have built two-story buildings, with people living above and renting below. The benefits brought by convenient transportation are not limited to these. With the improvement of living standards in rural areas, the demand for fruits is increasing. Several daring villagers have made money by trafficking apples from Shanxi and Gansu. Everyone is optimistic about this business and has entered. In just a few years, Xiaowangzhuang has become a well-known apple wholesale distribution center, and small business has become a big climate. Last year, the per capita net income of Xiaowangzhuang Village exceeded 3,3 yuan, and the life of ordinary people was getting better day by day.

In recent days, apples have been delivered from other places, and the elderly people who can do manual work in the village all ran to the village entrance to help unload the car. Old people regard this as a way to exercise and earn a lot of handling fees every year.

Wei Guiyun, 53, was quick to say, "My village, especially in recent years, has a good atmosphere. I have hardly heard of anyone whose children are unfilial and mistreat the elderly. My mother is 92 years old this year, and she is still in great health. All the men and women in the village are watching and dare not speak louder to the old people. Everyone also said that it is a glory for the village to strive for my mother to live to 1 years old. " Wang Ran, a 6-year-old daughter-in-law from another village, became a grandmother a few years ago. She said: "The atmosphere in Xiaowangzhuang is good, and everyone consciously abides by the village rules and regulations. That year, the daughter-in-law surnamed Zhang was not good to the old man. The whole village ignored her and looked down on her, making her look down. As long as the atmosphere is positive, they are not afraid of those who don't be naughty, and they can't become a climate. "

The villager Ying Qiuhua went on to say, "In fact, people in rural areas have a mentality of keeping up with the joneses. If one family is not good to the elderly, it will bring several children with it. There are many reasons for this. Some of them are because the separation of families is too biased for the elderly, some are because the living habits are not right, and some elderly people find their wives again, get married twice, and their children are too ashamed to enter the elderly's family. These things are not in our village, but I heard that there are other places. "

"Everything is better when you are poor.". Nowadays, there are no worries about food and clothing, and there are also many discordant notes in the lives of Zhuang families. Even if there are occasional elderly people who are ill in bed for many years and their children are impatient, the village will organize village cadres and members of the elderly association to go to the door to do ideological work. When evaluating ten-star civilized households at the end of the year, filial piety to the elderly is also a hard indicator. Whoever lacks a star, relatives and neighbors will have opinions and rhetoric. "In the past few years, we have also signed a maintenance agreement, so that families with elderly people can order a letter of responsibility. In the past two years, we just didn't engage in this thing, and everyone volunteered. The power of traditional morality actually played the biggest role in it. " Zhao Zifu said.

Two years ago, 57-year-old Jiao Jianzhong set up a waist drum team. She said, "It turns out that there is a little grandson at home who has grown up and doesn't need someone to follow him every day. I am a rural wife's family, and I am not comfortable at home. Several good friends discussed it together, thinking about setting up a waist drum team, buying musical instruments and clothes for one person against 1 yuan, and going to the threshing floor for activities after dinner, which made them feel refreshed and healthy. Which family has a red and white wedding, and we also go to help, which is very popular. People from other villages began to invite us to perform. " Today, there are 3 members of the waist drum team in Xiaowangzhuang Village, all of whom are older. Now, girls and kannika nimtragol aged 2 or 3 have also joined them.

As the vice president of the Association for the Aged, Simomo Tian He and a group of old guys are actively applying to the county office for the aged to build a gateball court in the village, and things have already taken shape. "It's interesting to watch the old people in the city play gateball, and we farmers are willing to play something new." Wang Toyota said: "I either watch TV or gossip at night, which makes me feel wronged." Exercise more muscles and bones, and you can live a long life. "

To the south of the courtyard of the village committee are four houses with white walls and tiles. Zhao Zifu said that this is the nursing home in Xiaowangzhuang Village. Originally, it was planned to let the four "five guarantees" old people in the village move here, but on the one hand, some poor families were hard to give up, and on the other hand, after the tax and fee reform, there was no special fund for nurses and cooks in the village, and the house has been idle. One of the "five guarantees" elderly people entered the township nursing home, and three of them have relatives to help and own land. It is not a problem for the village group to give them food and live safely every year.

I met a 74-year-old "three noes" old man, Zhao Guoren, in the west of the village. He was helping his 78-year-old brother to farm. Zhao Zifu said: "The leaders of the county civil affairs bureau have said that the five-guarantee recipients who are scattered in the village like him will be given a subsidy of 1 yuan a month from January next year, which can be a big deal."

Side note: Xiaowangzhuang's economic development level is above average in the whole Longcheng town. It is a typical plain agricultural village, and most of the elderly in this village have been well supported. The situation in other parts of Henan Province is generally similar, which is mainly due to the relatively large increase in farmers' income since the implementation of the household contract responsibility system in rural areas. With the improvement of the overall living standard of farmers, the life of the elderly has also been greatly improved.

Chinese traditional virtues of respecting and supporting the elderly have far-reaching influence. In addition, the publicity and implementation of the rights and interests of the elderly and laws and regulations in recent years have also improved people's awareness of supporting the elderly and legal awareness. The vast majority of children are filial or relatively filial, not only providing for the elderly economically, but also caring for them in life, with harmonious families and harmonious intergenerational relations.

In addition, this generation of old people came from the old society and suffered from war and famine, so they cherish the good life now. They often maintain a hard and simple life habit. As long as they have food and clothing, they don't have high requirements for the so-called quality of life.

The elderly with "three noes" who have no ability to work, can't find a provider and have no financial resources account for 4% of the rural elderly in Henan Province, and more than half of them are also included in the "five guarantees" support, and their lives are stable.

A nursing home

Moon Gate, oleander, red brick road, this small courtyard about one kilometer west of the town government is the location of the nursing home in Longcheng Town. Wan Xiangrong, director of civil affairs, said: "We just moved here less than two months ago. This used to be a township health center, and the nursing home needs to invest in put in order again after it is used. Kitchen, shower room and health room should be built, which is estimated to be completed by the end of October. At that time, the Xiangxiang Nursing Home can accept more than 8' five guarantees' elderly people, and the hardware should be said to be good. "

At present, there are 2 elderly people living in a nursing home, the youngest of whom is 69 years old, and the oldest is Wang Shan, who is 97 years old. Li Aizhi, who has worked for 15 years to respect the dean of the elderly and is over the retirement age, said: "The government is in charge of food and shelter, and there are special care workers who are responsible for their daily life. It can be said that these old people are better here than living at home. Many old people can live to be 8 or 9 years old. If they are retired at home, I am afraid that these people have long since disappeared. "

Old people live in one room, except for changing clothes, others are provided by the government. If you are still in good health, you can help feed two pigs and raise some sheep, which can change your living money. Before all the work in the nursing home was fully put in place, 69-year-old Zhao Shangwo temporarily served as a cook. There are bags of flour in the kitchen, and flies are flying in the air. Lunch is a big pot of noodles, sprinkled with a few corn dishes, no oil and water, but the supply is guaranteed. "There is big meat in the backyard freezer." Zhao Shangwo said: "Every so often, we also manage to get a meat dish to eat and improve our lives."

Old people in nursing homes are basically childless, and few people visit them except staff on weekdays. These old people who have experienced many vicissitudes are satisfied with having a place to live and a full meal. Sometimes the village will sing big plays, and they can also move small benches to join in the fun. When I met a minor illness with a headache and brain fever, Li Aizhi and them gave me a medicine and an injection. If it is a serious illness, the nursing home will contact the village group where the elderly are located to ensure the expenditure of medical expenses. "After the reform of taxes and fees, the funds for the five guarantees were spent together from the village-based additional tax, which was often not collected. The province stipulates that each elderly person spends 1,3 yuan a year, but it is not bad to implement half. " Wan Xiangrong said: "When there is no way, you can only borrow food and money from the town government, but this is not a long-term solution. We also want to improve the quality of life of the old people, but the funding problem is really a headache. We have more than enough heart and insufficient strength. "

"If there are more than 2 people in the township who can meet the requirements of' five guarantees', even if they are fully utilized after completion, the nursing home can only afford the centralized support of one third of the five-guarantee recipients in the township." Li Aizhi said: "Most of the scattered five-guarantee recipients are still in the charge of the village group. There is nothing we can do about their life care, house maintenance, illness treatment, funeral after death, etc. It all depends on the ability of the village group to handle affairs and the economic strength of the village. Originally, the town considered running some hospital-run economy, but there was no start-up capital, so it was left there. We also hope that there is a good way to pay more attention to the nursing home and do more practical things. "

Side note: According to the statistics of the Provincial Civil Affairs Department, there are currently more than 33, rural five-guarantee recipients in the province, accounting for 4.26% of the province's agricultural population. Centralized support for more than 3, five-guarantee recipients, accounting for only 1% of them. Most of the five-guarantee recipients are either decentralized or uninsured. At present, there are 22 township-run nursing homes and 172 village-run nursing homes in the province, and there is a shortage of funds to varying degrees.

Before the reform of taxes and fees, the rural "three noes" old people who are self-cultivated and self-supporting were mostly exempted from agricultural taxes, rural overall planning and village retention, and various fund-raising. After the reform of taxes and fees, they have to pay taxes on the same basis as other young and middle-aged laborers, which has increased their self-reliance.