The ancient winter should be colder and longer than it is now. During the Qing Dynasty, Beijing had about 150 days of cold weather a year, and it could reach MINUS 20 or 30 degrees Celsius at the coldest time. It can be said that heating was also one of the things that could not be ignored in the palace at that time. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, firewood was mostly burned for heating in winter, so the court set up a special organization to manage the related matters of heating in winter, such as the salary department, which was the organization that specially supplied firewood in the palace. The officials of these institutions had a relatively high status in the Ming Dynasty, and they could go directly to the prelude of the emperor, so they were called "near servant cards". Most of the palaces in the Forbidden City have fire exits underground, and there are fire doors under the veranda outside the hall, that is, two potholes more than one meter deep, that is, the stove mouth, which is the famous nuange structure. This equipment can ensure the warmth of the room. In addition to the warm pavilion, there is also a warm kang with a fire path under it. Its structure is similar to the kang bed still preserved in the northern countryside today. If you still feel that these facilities are not warm enough or are worried about being frozen outdoors, there are stoves to prepare. The stove is also called brazier or smoke cage. The shape and size of smoke cages vary greatly, reaching hundreds of pounds and more than one meter high. It's three feet four feet, very luxurious. Small as a watermelon, you can lift it at will. There are foot stoves to warm feet and hand stoves to warm hands, which are also beautifully made. In winter, can the ancients spend the winter so warmly? That's not necessarily true. Chen Shou of Jin Dynasty said in The History of the Three Kingdoms Shu Wei Wang Changchuan: "Saving the cold is not as good as paying attention to autumn, and stopping slander is not as good as self-study." Nothing can resist the cold better than a thick leather coat, and nothing can effectively stop others' slander better than strengthening one's moral cultivation. In fact, looking closely, neither is easy. Over time, we should strengthen our moral cultivation. If you want to get thick leather clothes, you must have the supply and purchasing power of leather clothes. Like many returnees who are still trapped in the snowstorm, they don't know where to get warm clothes for a while during their journey in the wilderness. What's more, poor families themselves don't have much money. Otherwise, there will be no "frozen bones" on the roadside, and there will be no saying that "I am naked, I am worried about charcoal and wish it is cold". The "99 Songs" handed down from ancient times sang like this: "1929, shrink your feet and shrink your hands; 3949, frozen pigs and frozen dogs; 5969, inserting willows along the river; 7989, shake your feet and wave; In 998 1 year, the old farmers plowed the fields. " The Chronology of Jingchu Years in the Southern Liang Dynasty records: "The number of winter solstice days, 998 1 day is a year's cold." That is to say, from the day of winter solstice, people count nine days in a row, and by 1999 it will be 8 1 day, and winter will be over. It seems that many people count "September 19th" with their fingers, and count winter day by day. Of course, people never forget to take pleasure in suffering. As soon as winter comes, some people begin to draw plum blossoms. From the solstice of winter, a plum blossom is dyed red every day, which is called the "Nine-Year Plan for Eliminating Cold". There is also a painting with nine lines and 81 squares, which is called "99 Cold-relieving Table". Draw a grid every day, rain or shine. It's cold when it's full, and it's warm in spring.