Emotional characteristics of mentally retarded children
The emotional characteristics of mentally retarded children are reflected in the damage of brain organs, bad environment and unreasonable education, which make their psychology and behavior appear various defects and obstacles. Cognitive performance is slow perception, small capacity, insufficient differentiation and lack of enthusiasm. Normal children can distinguish basic colors such as red, yellow, blue and green at the age of 3, while mentally retarded students are too old to do so, and children aged eight or nine can't tell the color of clothes. Speech occurs late, the expression ability is poor, the vocabulary is small, the grammar is monotonous, and there are obvious speech obstacles; Thinking is intuitive and concrete, with a low degree of generalization, and lacks the purpose, flexibility, independence and criticism of thinking. Children with mental retardation can understand all kinds of things only when they are related to specific things, and their ability of abstract generalization is very low. In view of these psychological problems, mentally retarded children show obvious differences in emotional characteristics with normal children. The first performance is emotional instability, and the experience is not profound. The emotional experience of mentally retarded children is similar to that of young children, with unstable emotions, and it is quite common to turn from crying to laughing and from anger to joy. Teachers often report that children with mental retardation are forgetful and make mistakes not long after being criticized by teachers.
Causes of mental retardation in children with mental retardation
1, genetic influence. Many mentally retarded children's defects in vision, hearing, sports and cognitive activities are all caused by genetic factors. For example, children with congenital stupidity are caused by chromosomal abnormalities.
2. Labor process factors. The baby is infected with a certain disease during pregnancy, or caused by drug poisoning or radiation injury-brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage and hypoxia during delivery; Early infection after birth, such as encephalitis, brain trauma or other diseases with high fever symptoms, will affect the normal development of the baby's brain and cause mental retardation.
Family has an important influence on children's development. Consanguineous marriage, discrimination against children, parents' low enterprising spirit, father running away from home, lack of suitable gender role models, poverty and lack of attention to education.
4. Social factors. Because mentally retarded children often suffer setbacks and failures in the social life environment, people around them often discriminate against and laugh at them, which leads to their forming a bad self-concept. At the same time, due to various conditions, a considerable number of mentally retarded children can not get the corresponding education. These are also the reasons for the long-term mental retardation of mentally retarded children.
Influence of mental retardation on children's physical and mental development
1, the influence on the physical and mental development of children with mental retardation. The physical and mental defects of mentally retarded children make it difficult for them to perceive the changes of their inner emotions and realize the reasons for their emotions. Without proper education and guidance, the emotional defects of mentally retarded children can not be compensated and improved, which leads to uncoordinated or unhealthy physical and mental development and emotional out of control.
2. Influence on the cognition of children with mental retardation. The advanced emotions of children with mental retardation develop slowly. If teachers blindly pay attention to ideological and moral education and the cultivation of advanced emotions in education and training, but ignore emotional education, it is like building a tall building on the sand, lacking a foundation and unable to receive the expected results. For example, when teaching the text "Let's Swing the Sculls", teachers guide students to understand the thoughts and feelings in the text and tell them about their happy life, but it is difficult for students to understand and can't tell what kind of happy life they live. The reason is that mentally retarded children can't understand what happiness is, so they can't understand the corresponding knowledge content. On the other hand, in the process of learning, mentally retarded children's emotions are out of control or out of order, which not only affects the teaching progress, but also cannot be put into learning.
3. Influence on the life of children with mental retardation. Emotion is a part of life, and everyone's life can never be separated from the ups and downs of various emotions. Life in 2 1 century is diversified. For normal people, the pressure of life is still great, so we must learn to adjust our emotions to face it. The emotional characteristics of mentally retarded children either make their emotional expression inconsistent with the intensity of external stimuli, or make them overreact and lose control. How do they face all kinds of pressures in life? It is conceivable that children with mental retardation will have problems in their interest in life, quality of life and even basic survival.
4. The social influence of children with mental retardation. With the fast pace of life in today's society, the mood of normal people will fluctuate greatly. What's more, the social adaptability of mentally retarded children is worse than that of ordinary people. If they don't know how to relieve their emotions, how to interpret others' emotions, and how to face and deal with others' feelings, then the social adaptation of mentally retarded children in interpersonal communication and cooperation with others will have problems. Similarly, society cannot accept and identify with a group of people with intellectual and emotional problems. In the end, the educational goal of adapting children with mental retardation to society and integrating them into social life cannot be truly realized.