First, the history of cattle grazing in Liu Ma.
According to the information provided by the production method of Mu Niu Liu Ma, Mu Niu Liu Ma probably looks like this: the abdomen is square, the head is curved, and the daily trip is short. It should be used in big places, not small ones. A person driving can walk dozens of miles a day, and a group of people driving can walk twenty miles a day. Each wooden cow can carry a person's food for a year and walk twenty miles every day. People who push wooden cows will not feel tired.
There is not much description of the shape of the floating horse, but the dimensions of each part are recorded, which is very accurate. It is speculated that its shape is smaller than that of a wooden cow, and the tools for holding grain are two detachable "square bags", each wooden box can hold two meters and three barrels. In 2006, there were six places involving wooden cattle and horses, all of which were said to be tools for transporting grain.
In the fourth Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang used wooden cattle to transport grain when he left Qishan. Wooden cows and horses are all human-driven tools for transporting food. The wooden ox is much bigger and heavier than the floating horse, but it runs slowly and is suitable for transporting a lot of materials. It's not cost-effective to transport a small amount of things. You can use floating horses. According to the current law of conservation of mass, the wooden cow is similar to a perpetual motion machine and does not conform to the historical law. So many people think that the so-called herding cattle and spring are fictions of novelists.
Although The Making Method of Mu Niu Liu Ma describes the shape of Mu Niu Liu Ma and the dimensions of various parts of Liu Ma in detail, according to all the written descriptions, it can't be restored without drawings. Up to now, there are still many people who claim to make wooden cows and flowing horses according to the documents left by Zhuge Liang, but without exception, many people have added their personal understanding and transformation, so the things made are varied.
Second, the principle of wooden cattle and horses
There are many explanations about wooden cattle and horses, one of which is a single-wheeled wooden cart, which is a wooden human walking cart with a swinging container and is used to transport granular goods on mountain roads. Imagine a horizontal wooden stick, three feet off the ground, four feet long and six inches high. The left end of the stick is cut into the shape of a handlebar, and the right end has three serrated holes. Imagine two sticks like this, arranged on the left and right axes of a rickshaw. Imagine inserting a three-foot-long shaft between the top holes of two chevrons, hinging the other end of a wooden column to the ground and swinging along the small shafts in the two holes below the chevron. This four-legged rickshaw is a wooden cow.
The horse is a wooden box with an upward opening, and there is a hole in the vertical center line of the left and right side walls near the upper edge. The cow's three-foot shaft passes through the two holes of the flowing horse, and the flowing horse can swing back and forth on the shaft. In order to prevent the load of millet and rice in the box from moving left and right, there is a longitudinal partition to divide the box into two parts, first put the grain into the bag and then put it into the box. When the wooden cow spreads its front and rear legs, it can stop on the slope at any time. The front fork is limited by the limit nail on the quadruped shaft.
Pull the handle of the shaft to the front and press it down, and the top hole of the pin will move above the left hole of the pin, that is, the center of gravity will move to the front leg. At this time, the right hole of the pin will be pried high, that is, the rear leg will be lifted by the air without any force, and will be close to the front leg under the action of gravity or the push of the pin to the horse. When the center of gravity moves out of the left hole of the Chinese character, the wooden cow has moved forward half a step, and then it will be overturned. At this time, you can quickly pull up the handle and pull forward.
Move the needle-shaped top hole backward to the top of the needle-shaped right side H.