Wild vegetables, that is, non-artificial edible plants, grow naturally by spreading seeds through wind animals, etc., which is one of the treasures of nature. Wild vegetables are generally pure in quality, a beautiful gift given by nature and a witness to the coexistence of man and nature. Wild vegetables are pollution-free, nutritious, fresh and delicious, and are one of the excellent ingredients. Many wild vegetables have medicinal value, as the saying goes, "remedies cure serious diseases." If eaten properly and symptomatic, most wild vegetables can be regarded as folk remedies.
For example, shepherd's purse can clear liver and improve eyesight, and can treat diseases such as hepatitis and hypertension; Dandelion can clear away heat and detoxify, which is delicious for diabetics. Bitter vegetables can treat jaundice and other diseases; Amaranth can cure dysentery, enteritis, bladder stones and other diseases; Pteridium aquilinum is used for invigorating qi and nourishing yin, and is used for high fever, coma, muscle pain, and dysuria. Nowadays, wild vegetables have not only been on the table of high-end restaurants, but also become people's daily health food, which is favored by people.
The main varieties of wild vegetables are:
Maoni cuisine
One of the common wild vegetables in Henan. Germination and growth in winter, and edible seedlings in spring. The leaves of plants are covered with fluff, and the leaves are rich in chlorophyll, iron and other trace elements. These flowers are trumpet-shaped, purple and white. It tastes slightly astringent and non-toxic. During the three-year natural disaster, it was the supplementary food for most people affected by the disaster in Henan.
Noodles dish
One of the common wild vegetables in the Central Plains. Like the growing environment and season of Saussurea medusa, it germinates in winter and grows seedlings in spring. The whole plant is different from Saussurea: the leaves are slightly wider, shiny and green, fluffy and smooth, and edible. It is more similar to another kind of weed and difficult to distinguish.
Noodles dish
shepherd's purse
Shepherd's purse shepherd's purse is milder. As long as there is plenty of sunshine and the soil is not too dry, shepherd's purse can grow. Shepherd's purse is not strict in the choice of soil, but it is best to plant it in fertile and loose soil. Shepherd's purse is a cold-tolerant vegetable, which needs a cold and sunny climate. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 20 ~ 25℃. The optimum temperature for growth and development is 65438 02 ~ 20℃. When the temperature is lower than 10℃ and higher than 22℃, the growth is slow, the growth cycle is prolonged and the quality is poor. Capsella bursa-pastoris has strong cold tolerance, the plant is not damaged at -5℃, and it can tolerate short-term low temperature of -7.5℃. At the low temperature of 2 ~ 5℃, shepherd's purse 10 ~ 20 days went through vernalization stage, that is, bolting and flowering.
Cooling blood to stop bleeding, tonifying deficiency and strengthening spleen, clearing heat and promoting diuresis. Pick some tender leaves or winter buds of shepherd's purse in spring. After blanching, it can be cold mixed, dipped in sauce, made into soup and fried. Shepherd's purse jiaozi, shepherd's purse wonton and shepherd's purse spring rolls are indispensable delicacies on the spring table, and can also be made into delicious shepherd's purse porridge.
purslane
Also known as Equisetum Japonicum, Equisetum Japonicum and Equisetum pentaphyllum, it is also commonly known as "Iris" in Northeast China. It is generally reddish brown and has an inverted oval leaf thickness.
It contains protein methionine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid and other nutrients. Because it contains a lot of acidic substances, it will feel a little sour to eat.
The medicinal functions of Ardisia Ardisia are clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood to stop bleeding, reducing blood sugar concentration and keeping blood sugar constant, which has a certain curative effect on diabetes. There are many ways to eat it, such as fried, cold and stuffed. Such as garlic mixed with ponytail, ponytail scrambled eggs, ponytail buns, ponytail porridge and so on.
Maoni cuisine
A wild vegetable with white and red flowers distributed in Henan and northern Anhui. The seeds are brown. It tastes slightly astringent and non-toxic. Rich in amino acids and other trace elements. During the three-year natural disaster, this wild vegetable saved countless lives.
M good
It belongs to the wild carrot family. The shape is similar to carrot leaves, but the leaves are smaller and have small yellow flowers. Non-toxic, young plants can be eaten. Rich in amino acids and glucose, it is one of the common wild vegetables in Henan.
dandelion
Also known as Veronica, its pollen contains vitamins and linoleic acid, and its branches and leaves contain choline, amino acids and trace elements.
It has antibacterial, repercussive, diuretic, heat-clearing and detoxicating effects, can stimulate the immune function of the body, and achieve the functions of benefiting gallbladder and protecting liver. Its main components are dandelion, dandelion sterol, dandelion bitter, pectin, inulin, choline and so on. Can be used for preventing and treating lung cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer and various tumors.
Dandelion can be eaten raw, fried or made into soup, mixed with jellyfish skin and fried shredded pork; Can also be paired with green tea, licorice, honey and so on. Make a cup of dandelion green tea that can clear away heat, detoxify and reduce swelling.
Bitter herbs
Sonchus oleraceus, also known as Sonchus oleraceus, Qu Ma Cai, Qu Mai Cai and Sonchus oleraceus, has yellow and white stems; The leaves are long, the tip of the leaves is slightly round, and the edges are toothed. The size of the teeth varies slightly with different varieties. The surface is green, the back is gray-green, and the color is bright yellow, belonging to wild compositae.
Bitter vegetables are rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, iron and other elements, which can clear away heat and reduce swelling, remove blood stasis and detoxify, cool blood and stop bleeding. Sophora alopecuroides has inhibitory effect on acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute and chronic myeloid leukemia.
The tender leaves of bitter vegetables can be eaten, but they are slightly bitter when eaten raw. Boil with boiling water, and the bitterness can be removed. Bitter vegetables can be fried with meat and made into soup, or made into small tofu with some bean flour, or dipped in batter with boiling water, or made into vegetable cakes with flour. Or make sesame sauce mixed with bitter herbs, bitter herbs porridge and the like.
Edible tender leaves for braking.
Also known as bracken variety. It is also called bracken variety. Musculus platysma Pteridium aquilinum has the functions of clearing away heat and moistening intestines, reducing qi and resolving phlegm, and inducing diuresis to soothe the nerves. It is widely distributed in Chinese mainland and Southeast Asia. Because of its carcinogenic components, excessive consumption of cattle and sheep will lead to death, and human consumption will lead to an increase in the incidence of cancer.
Pteridium aquilinum tastes fresh and smooth, and is known as the "king of mountain vegetables". There are many ways to eat bracken, such as frying, burning, simmering and stewing. In modern recipes, the famous dishes cooked with bracken include bracken with wood beard, bracken with dried rice, bracken fried with meat, bracken with crispy skin and so on. These dishes are favored by diners because of their rosy color, soft texture and rich flavor. When the leaves of bracken are curly, it means that they are fresh and tender, and the leaves will stretch out when they are old.