The time of "year's regulations" varies from place to place, mainly in the lunar calendar month after the end of the old calendar year (Spring Festival), but there have been "year's regulations" in the whole area from the first day of the first lunar month to the 3th December of the lunar calendar. When to celebrate the "Year of the Year" has long been fixed by the ancestors of clans around the country.
what is the cultural connotation of the folk custom of making "annual regulations" in Lingnan? It drives us to trace the relationship between its culture and the legendary figure in history-Mrs. Xian Tai.
First, the "year example" is bigger than the "year example"
"year example" is as lively and jubilant as the traditional Chinese New Year, but the difference is that the locals regard it as bigger than the Chinese New Year. The cultural connotation of making the "annual example" is deeply imprinted in the hearts of local people unconsciously, that is, the culture of Mrs. Xian Tai.
Food is the most important thing for the people. On the day of "Year of the Year", every family takes the slaughtered pigs, chickens and ducks to the square or at the gate of the village to display them together. They call this form "posing", which is the first item on the day of "Year of the Year". People "pose" at their own homes early in the morning. When worshipping, in the thick smoke of firecrackers, we can see that there are not only old people, middle-aged people, but also young people and children in the worshipping crowd. The scene is very spectacular. It is said that "showing off" is to see whose pig is fatter and whose chicken and duck are bigger, and secondly, to invite Mrs. Xian to go home to celebrate the New Year with everyone.
"Year of the Year" activity, "at first, it was horse riding, archery and fighting, and later it was interpreted as wandering and acting." One of the "wandering gods" is to invite the "gods" out and carry them on the streets of villages and towns. It is unscientific to explain the custom of "wandering the gods" in a superstitious way.
We found that the idol of "Wandering God" in "Nianshi" always has the sculpture of Mrs. Xian Tai, a figure in the Southern and Northern Dynasties more than 1,4 years ago. When "wandering the gods", firecrackers rang and fireworks bloomed at the places where people passed, to show their respect. During the visit, the villagers said that the "annual regulations" contained three meanings: First, Mrs. Xian was invited to bathe and change clothes. Because Mrs. Xian had to come out to inspect every festival before her death, people in this area habitually took her back to her family to have dinner with everyone for the New Year. When having a meal, the more visitors, whether they know each other or not, the better, to show their popularity and prosperity. The second is to invite Mrs. Xian to take a tour to see the changes in people's lives in her hometown and thank Mrs. Xian for bringing her wealth. Third, today's "wandering god" is also a form that evolved in the past to show its village power to resist foreign aggression.
according to historical data, Mrs. xian tai is already an influential figure in the local area. The activity of "Nianshi" was originally initiated by the Xian family. According to the historical data, "The descendants of Mrs. Xian Tai can organize 12 trombones according to the emperor's concession when he sacrificed sacrifices to the Feng family and wandered about the gods, and they can play 12 gongs in a row and discharge 12 sound cannons in a row. Especially on the Lantern Festival, when Xian Tai traveled to the old city, the team was hundreds of meters long, with flags flying, gongs and drums ringing, firecrackers ringing, lively atmosphere and high spirits. "
Although the people no longer care about the cause of this activity, few people have explored its origin. Just as people hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi every year on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month to commemorate Qu Yuan, this custom has gradually formed the present customs and habits in people's lives through long-term evolution. Although there is no historical record of its evolution, it is still traceable.
From this reasoning, people in this area not only regard the "annual regulations" as a custom, but also habitually regard the statue of Mrs. Xian Tai as a deity. This can't help but remind people that this custom is a form of commemorating Mrs. Xian after thousands of years of long-term evolution. However, the local people regard the "year example" as more important than the Chinese New Year, which is inseparable from Mrs. Xian Tai's contribution to the economic and cultural development of Lingnan.
Her contribution to the Lingnan area at that time. It even played a decisive role in the stability of the whole Central Plains, and her spirit also had a great influence on future generations. On the land of Lingnan, a thousand miles away, Mrs. Xian Tai has long been a beloved idol and a god in the eyes of the people. This is one of the factors that the local people regard the "year example" as more important than the Chinese New Year. Perhaps this is a form of Mrs. Xian's culture.
Second, Mrs. Sin Tai in the "Year Examples"
Someone said: "There are two goddesses in China: one is Mazu, and the other is Mrs. Sin Tai." The former is the legendary "goddess" who solves problems for people at sea, and is the "goddess" with boundless magic in the minds of the people. The latter is the real leader of maintaining national unity and national unity and benefiting the Baiyue people-Mrs. Xian Tai.
In today's folk customs in Lingnan area, including Hainan, we can easily see people's reverence for Mrs. Xian Tai, and the reasons for its formation are obviously closely related to the social history at that time.
More than 1,4 years ago, the Northern and Southern Dynasties was a turbulent period in the social history of our country. The Li people suffered from the war for a long time because of the arbitrary regime, the ineffective decrees and the repeated suppression by the imperial government. The young Mrs. Xian learned to fight and strategize while learning to be polite. As a result of the war, her father, history chief and many ethnic groups were killed by the sword of the imperial government. Mrs. Sin Tai, who is ambitious, saw the disaster and poverty brought by the war to the people. She saw the desire of the Baiyue people and saw that social peace would bring peace and prosperity to the country and happiness and prosperity to the people. This played a very important role in Mrs. Xian's thought of safeguarding national unity and national unity at that time, and it was also an important reason for future generations to admire Mrs. Xian.
It is recorded in Mrs. Xian Tai's historical records: "For a long time, due to the nostalgia and reverence for Mrs. Xian Tai, the folk have formed a set of' worshipping Mrs. Xian Tai on the first day and the fifteenth day, asking for Mrs. Xian Tai when they are in trouble, asking for Mrs. Xian Tai when they are young, and asking for Mrs. Xian Tai when they are young, and the husband and wife are not in harmony.
There is a story in the historical materials: "At that time, there was a man named Xian, who was the leader of the Li nationality and ruled more than 1, tribes. Xian's family has a female name, Xian Ying. Since childhood, she has been resourceful and good at caressing the people, and is well known. Feng Rong married Xian Ying for his son Gao Liang, the satrap of Feng Bao. " Xian Ying was later called Mrs. Xian Tai. Feng Bao, an official of North Korea, was a Han nationality. In order to carry out the decree smoothly in Lingnan, far away from the imperial court, Han and Li were married. This not only enables the Han and slang nationalities to live in harmony, but also promotes the rapid spread of Chinese culture in Lingnan area, so that Chinese and slang cultures can blend together, and also makes Lingnan area centered on Gaoliang County become the center of politics, military and culture, and vernacular culture has become the mainstream of Lingnan culture. The word "thousand prayers" is recorded in the book The Complete Biography of Sui Dynasty, and the vernacular word "thousand prayers" is the word "ten million" in Mandarin now. The blending of vernacular culture and ancient Chinese culture shows that Mrs. Xian Taitai has not only made efforts to safeguard national unity, but also absorbed the culture of the Central Plains and developed vernacular culture. No wonder there is a saying that "vernacular culture is Mrs. Xian Taitai's culture".
In 57, the second year of the founding of the Liang Dynasty, Mrs. Xian was named Mrs. Shilong, a corps commander, and Mrs. Gao Liang County by Emperor Chen Xuandi (see Biography of Mrs. Xian's Family in Northern History). Later, she was called Mrs. Shilong, which was also her first title.
Like the traditional Chinese New Year, there are also folk forms such as riding floats, hanging colorful flags, dancing lions and dragons, and watching big plays. However, there are still some differences in style. There are some people walking in the float team. Although people worship Mrs. Xian under the car, there are not only sculptures of Mrs. Xian, but also lively children dressed as Mrs. Xian. Locals call this form "gone with the wind". They were all held high in the air, and they came across the whole street crowded with crowds on both sides in the tourist procession. The lively scene was always the same. Even in today's reform and opening-up, most people will rush back to their villages to participate in the "Year of the Year" activities on time. From their eyes, we can see the status and prestige of Mrs. Sin Tai in people's minds, and we can also see that people today admire Mrs. Sin Tai. The cultural phenomenon of Mrs. Sin Tai has always been a strange landscape of the folk custom "Year of the Year".
Mrs. Xian Tai is a "god" in the eyes of local people. So far, the Lady Xian Temple, which was built in Gaoliangshan Mountain in the Tang Dynasty, still has the couplet "Sincerely respect the lady, and the princess is cool." It not only summarizes the identity of Mrs. Xian Tai, but also expresses people's respect for Mrs. Xian Tai.
During the "Year of the Year" period, lion dance teams and dragon dance teams will be invited from various places, as well as large and small troupes. In particular, the small troupe has its own characteristics, from the stage, lighting and acoustics to the actors' reading, doing, playing and singing. It can be called the smallest performance unit. Locals call it "Ghost Play", also known as "Single Puppet Show". From the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present, it is no wonder that this kind of woman is known as' the first woman in China', and she is still a model for our younger generation to learn forever. Mrs. Xian's culture is not only the culture of Maoming and even Lingnan, including Hainan, but also the culture of the whole Chinese nation.
Third, the "year example" and the time
The time of the "year example" are different, which is still a very distinctive custom in China's folk festivals.
The "Year of the Year" here has the same meaning of blessing and blessing as the traditional Chinese New Year, but the difference is that the "Year of the Year" in counties (cities), towns and villages has different times from the first day of the New Year to the 3th day of the twelfth lunar month. This peculiar cultural phenomenon is also related to Mrs. Xian Tai.
There are signs in the "Year of the Year" organized by the people to commemorate Mrs. Xian Tai: In the old society, the 17th day of the first lunar month has always been the anniversary of Mrs. Xian Tai's death. Gaozhou is on the 18th day of the first month. In addition, Daoguang's "Dianbai County Records" recorded that there used to be an "annual example" in Xiadong Town of Dianbai called "seventeen people to see". That is, on the seventeenth day of the first month to commemorate Mrs. Xian Tai. The first month of every year is held on time from 16th to 19th in "Watching People's Slope" (book writing "Han People's Slope"). This is a plain landform with a vertical and horizontal area of about three miles. In the Tang Dynasty, Mrs. Xian's grandchildren lived in concentrated communities. There are two "annual regulations" in a year, one is Mrs. Xian's birthday and the other is Mrs. Xian's death day, which is closely related to the habit of Mrs. Xian's traveling during the Lantern Festival and the death day of Mrs. Xian. It can be seen that the local people regard the "annual example" as the "Lantern Festival" and there are traces of its evolution.
Mrs. Xian's descendants have left living relics in Maonan, Gaozhou and Dianbai today. It can be seen that some important days when Mrs. Xian visited and taught her grandchildren and people at that time became the evolutionary experience of descendants commemorating Mrs. Xian on different days. Not only that, Mrs. Xian Tai is not only a Baiyue nationality but also an idol worshipped by people today. In order to commemorate Mrs. Xian Tai and her merits, the "year" of each village naturally has its own "year" time among the people. However, the original "annual example" form is very different from the current "annual example" form. This is the change of the times and the melting of customs, which has gradually formed the style of the current custom "year".